BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY

1
 OBJECTIVES:

1. Understand the fundamentals of

electricity.
2. Effects of Electricity on the Human Body.
3. The hazards associated with Electricity.
4. Control measures to be used to reduce
the risks associated with Electricity.
5. Key documentation required to ensure a
safe and healthy working environment

2
 LESSON # 1- UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY

1. Mechanical analogy
2. Familiarization with terminologies
a. Electric Current
b. Voltage
c. Resistance
d. Conductor
e. Insulator

3
 MECHANICAL ANALOGY OF ELECTRICITY
1. How do water flow from the pump- to the pipe then back to
pump? The flow of water which is the water current is
compared to the flow of electrons in a circuit which is
electric current.
2. The water pressure which is compared to the voltage of
electricity

3. The friction of the pipe which is

compared to the resistance acting against the current in a
conductor.
X
4. Now, shut off the valve of the
water pipe and water flow stop.
Switch off the switch of
electricity and current will
not flow in the electrical
conductor.

4
WHAT ARE DIRECT AND ALTERNATING
CURRENTS?

 Direct Current (DC):

Current that flows in one
direction and voltage never
changes, like a car battery.

 Alternating Current (AC):

Current that changes direction
at a regular rate, like electrical
current supplied to your home.

5
 WHAT ARE VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE?

The amount of current that flows in a circuit

depends on voltage and resistance:
 The "pressure" that
pushes electrons through a
circuit is called voltage.

 The opposition the circuit

offers to the flow of
electrons is called
resistance.

6
 WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR?

 A material having many

free electrons that can
move easily.
 A good conductor; for
example, copper wire
allows billions of
electrons to flow in the
same direction, thus
providing a great path
for energy to electrical
systems and equipment.

7
WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL INSULATOR?

 A material having few free

electrons that cannot move
easily.
 Rubber, dry wood, porcelain,
and clay are good insulators.
 Insulators prevent electricity
from flowing where it should
not flow and control the flow
of electricity in order to
prevent accidents.

8
 HOW IS ELECTRICITY MEASURED?

 The "pressure" (voltage)

that "pushes" electrons
through a circuit is
measured in volts.
 The flow of electrons
(current) passing a given
point is measured in
amperes (amps).
 The opposition to the
flow of electrons
(resistance) is measured
in ohms.
9
LESSON # II- UNDERSANDING THE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

1. Electric Shock
2. Burns
3. Falls
4. Arc-Blast
5. Fires and Explosions

Slide No. 11
THE NATURE OF ELECTRICAL INJURIES

How does alternating current

affect the body?
 At .4 mA: No sensation.
 At 1.1 mA: A slight tingling
sensation.
 At 1.8 mA: Shock.
 At 16 mA: Painful shock.
Loss of muscle control can
cause the person to lock on
to the source.
 Above 23 mA: Severe
injuries and possible death.

11
 HOW DOES CURRENT TRAVEL THROUGH THE
BODY?

 The body, composed mostly of

water, is a conductor of
electricity, so current travels
easily.
 Current travels the path of
least resistance to complete its
circuit.
 This path could be through
upper limbs or between upper
and lower limbs.
 If this includes the heart and
respiratory systems, it can
result in serious injury.

12
HOW DOES CURRENT ENTER THE BODY?

 Typical points of entry

are the hands and feet
as they come in contact
with electrical current.
 Moisture beneath a ring
or watch will decrease
the skin's resistance
and allow current flow.

13
WHICH KILLS, CURRENT OR VOLTAGE?

An average individual think of the

hazards of electric shock in terms of
high voltage- does not realize that
primarily it is the current that kills and
not the voltage.

14
HOW ELECTRIC SHOCK AFFECT A VICTIM.

Ventricular Fibrillation
 Electrical current can cause a rapid
irregular contraction of the heart
muscle and lack of synchronism
between heartbeat and pulse.
 Can lead to immediate heart
and/or respiratory failure requiring
CPR.
 Sometimes symptoms may not
appear until later; if you receive a
shock, report it to the nurse
immediately to ensure no problems
exist. 16
LESSON # III- ELECTRICAL HAZARD RECOGNITION

What is your role in safety?

Start recognizing the hazards in your

workplace by going around and look for :
UNSAFE CONDITION
UNSAFE ACTS

REPORT ALL SAFETY VIOLATIONS,…AND HAVE

THEM IMMEDIATELY CORRECTED BEFORE AN
ACCIDENT WILL OCCUR.

16
MODULE # III- ELECTRICAL HAZARD RECOGNITION

SAFETY VIOLATION CHECKLIST (UNSAFE CONDITION/ACT) :

 Wiring method is of the approved type for the purpose

and location.
 Insulators has no sign of deterioration.
 Panel Boards has no sign of overloading.
 Switches/Devices are in good condition.
 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment, etc, is
adequate.
 Equipment Grounding is effectively connected.
 Hazardous materials stored near the electrical
equipment/lines
 Permits/Clearances/Hold Tags/Lockout are used.
 Safe Working practices followed

17
 Wiring method is of the approved type for the
purpose and location.
 Insulators has no sign of deterioration.
 Safe Working practices followed

WIRING METHOD DO NOT

CONFORM WITH STANDARD

Rectify to conform with

NFPA 70

18
  Wiring method is of the approved type for
the purpose and location.
 Safe Working practices followed

 Unsafe equipment and/or

faulty installation;
 Installation or repair by
non electrical personnel;
 Unsafe work practices;
 Lack of/poor
maintenance.

19
  Switches/Devices are in good condition.

 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment, lines, etc, is

adequate.
 Equipment Grounding is effectively connected.
 Safe Working practices followed

1. A double insulated drill

(no ground pin) was used
in a wet location. Water
entered the drill housing
and current flowed
through the water and
cause electrocution
2. An individual with moist
hands was electrocuted
while winding up a
damaged extension cord
when his skin got
contacted with naked
wiring in the extension
cord.
Slide No. 21
 Equipment Grounding is effectively
connected.

Because ground-fault
current path to the
Source is not
provided, the metal
parts of
the electrical system
will remain energized
with dangerous
voltage

Slide No. 22
 Hazardous materials stored near the electrical equipment/lines
 Wiring method is of the approved type for the purpose and
location.
 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment, etc, is adequate.
 Safe Working practices followed

Electrical Fire can take place due to:

 Short/overloaded circuit
 Loose terminals and connections
 Deteriorated/damaged insulation
 Use of substandard fuse, wire and connections
 Bypassing of safety devices
FLAMMABLE
 Grounding defects or inadequate grounding LIQUID
3
 Overrated fuse
 Storage of flammable material near electrical equipments

23
 Wiring method is of the approved type for the purpose
and location.
 Physical Protection of elect. panels/equipment, etc, is
adequate.
 Safe Working practices followed

X
Slide No. 24
 Safe Working practices followed.

• Never use ladder made of metal

when doing electrical works

• Water is a good conductor of

electricity and must be avoided
when using electrically operated
tools.

• Always use appropriate PPE

24
WHAT’S NEXT? WHAT ACTIONS WILL YOU TAKE?

 Enforce company safety procedures.

 Report and correct safety accidents.

 Be a safety role model.

25
 IF YOU OBSERVE A SAFETY VIOLATION, YOU SHOULD:

 STOP the violation, if possible.

 REPORT, verbally, the situation to the
supervisor in charge immediately.
 RECORD the details in a report form.
 Give copies of report to concerned
supervisor/manager for immediate action
 FOLLOW-UP with the supervisor on what is
being done.

26
 MOTIVATE EMPLOYEE’S TO :

 Follow all safety procedures.

 Report all safety hazards and violations.

Conduct Safety meetings,

and safety talks.

Display Safety Posters in

bulletin boards and in
prominent locations

27
EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

What are the proper steps

for responding to an
electrical accident?
STEP #1: TURN OFF THE POWER

 Find the Emergency

Machine Off (EMO)
button and turn off
the power.
 Know in advance
where these
buttons are
located.
STEP #2: SAFELY FREE THE PERSON

 If it is not possible to find the

EMO switch, attempt to safely
free the person with proper
equipment such as a body
hook, non-conductive harness,
or other non-conductive object
to pry or knock the person
free.
 Never attempt to pull the
person away by hand; you
could also lock onto the source.
STEP #4: DO NOT LEAVE THE PERSON

 Stay with the

person until help
arrives.
 Inform people in
the area in order
to avoid further
injuries.
End Of Slide

Thank you!

32