FOREWORD

Writing thesis and dissertation report is no less difficult than the conduct of the
research itself. It has been observed that students shy away from writing research report
because of perceived difficulty. Anxiety over this ultimate scholarly activity that they need to
undergo before they are awarded graduate degrees sometimes becomes a stumbling block.
There is a reason to believe that this could be because of the absence of available reference
or standard format that could guide them. This is the reason why this manual was so
conceived.

This manual is primarily intended for students who are in the stage of writing their
thesis and dissertation reports in the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Graduate School (NEUST-GS). It contains clear cut information and guide on thesis and
dissertation processes and procedures, description of the defense and defense process, the
composition of the thesis and dissertation committee, the roles of the committee members,
manuscript preparation, and packaging of the manuscript using the NEUST GS prescribed
format.

With the help of this manual, it is expected that GS students who are in the stage of
writing their research reports will gain facility in undertaking thesis and dissertation writing
and in the defense process that goes with these.

This is a product of collaborative efforts of the NEUST GS faculty members in

consultation with the Executive Committee of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and
Technology, and I salute them all for their efforts and contributions.

MANUELA P. GUTIERREZ, PhD

Dean

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 Part 1

THE THESIS AND DISSERTATION DEFENSE AND THE DEFENSE PROCESS

CORRECTION RONALD PASCUAL
The NEUST Graduate School expects graduate school students to produce original and
scholarly research reports that manifest their ability to undertake and present researches
that will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields of study. It is
required that they choose thesis and dissertation topic that falls within the research thrusts
of the Graduate School as defined by the NEUST Graduate School Research Agenda.

In writing a thesis or dissertation, students will have to comply not only with the
conventional rules of grammar, punctuation, and spelling but also with the standards and
format set and prescribed by the NEUST Graduate School. This manual will surely help them
to ensure that they meet such standard and format that they may come up with scholarly
research report expected of all graduate students. They are advised to read this manual
carefully, paying close attention to the details of manuscript preparation, including the
samples in the Appendices.

The Graduate School approves the final thesis or dissertation report and reserves the
right to reject documents that deviate from the guidelines specified in this manual.

1. Application for Thesis/Dissertation Defense

Students who have enrolled in Thesis and Dissertation writing and who have written
a proposal or a full-blown research report may apply for thesis/dissertation defense.

The student proponent may apply for proposal defense through his adviser and Head
of the Program at the Office of the Dean of the Graduate School. Once approved for defense,
the proponent has to finish the thesis or dissertation within four semesters (2 years).
However, in case of researches requiring a longer period of time to complete, the proponent
may request for extension.

2. The Three-Stage Defense Process

A thesis or dissertation will have to undergo three stages of defense: the proposal, the
pre-oral and the oral defense. The candidate shall first have to present a copy of the proposal
to the Adviser. The adviser, upon ensuring that the proposal measures up to the standards,
forwards the same to the Program Chair for further scrutiny, in which case the latter may
return the paper to the advisee through the adviser for further improvement. If the proposal
is in order, the Chair will advise that the student prepare five (5) copies for a thesis, or six (6)
copies for a dissertation. When the copies are ready, these will be formally endorsed by the
Chair to the Dean of the Graduate School, together with the letter from the Adviser,
requesting that the student be allowed to present the paper for defense.

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 First Stage: The Proposal Presentation

The candidate presents his/her proposal for evaluation of the Thesis/Dissertation

Evaluation Panel. The Panel scrutinizes the proposal and gives suggestions for its
improvement.

After the presentation, the panel members will have to submit a completed
Thesis/Dissertation Proposal Evaluation Form, containing their respective
comments/recommendations. The secretary of the committee summarizes the comments
and recommendations and reads them before the student and the panel for confirmation.
Upon panel approval of the summary, the secretary provides the proponent with a copy for
guidance and compliance. The latter may then start with the revision.

If the recommendations of the panel were all satisfied and the remark “Passed with
Revisions” had been impressed on his proposal by the Chair of the Panel, the proponent may
then proceed with data gathering, collection and interpretation. He will be allowed to
proceed to the second stage if the research report is already complete from Chapters 1 to 4,
with references and appendices.

Second Stage: The Pre-oral Defense

Upon completion of Chapters 4 and 5 of the paper, and upon endorsement of the
adviser and the program chair to the dean of the GS, the student can now be allowed for Pre-
oral Defense. During this stage, the completed research shall be presented for evaluation by
the same thesis/dissertation panel for two reasons:

a) to check ownership and

b) for further improvement

The secretary takes notes of the observations and recommendations of the panel
during the defense. After the presentation, the Committee members shall accomplish and
submit to the Chair of the Thesis/Dissertation the Pre-oral Evaluation Sheet, otherwise known
as Rebuttal Sheet containing their respective comments/recommendations. The Chair shall
provide the secretary with the evaluation sheet for safekeeping and validation of minutes.
The secretary then prepares the summary of recommendations,
have the summary signed by the committee, and provide the student with a copy. The
summary of panel recommendations shall serve as guide of the student in making necessary
revisions or improvement in his/her paper.

Third Stage: The Oral Defense

After complying with the pre-oral recommendations, the student shall submit the
revised manuscript to the GS Office, together with a Certification from the Thesis or

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Dissertation Committee, which shall be duly noted by the Program Chair, that the candidate
is ready for the oral defense.
Six (6) copies of the thesis or eight (8) copies of the dissertation shall be submitted at
least seven (7) days before the final oral defense schedule. The copies shall be distributed to
the members of the Panel on Oral Examination (POE), the adviser, and the GS Secretary. The
candidate shall get the last copy.

3. Manuscript Submission

For proposal defense, the candidate shall submit manuscript and be scheduled for
presentation anytime within the school year (including summer term). The required number
of copies shall be submitted to the GS Office and received by the GS Secretary at least seven
(7) days before the schedule of presentation to allow the members of the evaluation
committee ample time to scrutinize the proposal.

4. Schedule of Defense

The pre-oral defense shall be scheduled at least seven (7) days after the submission
of the five (5) copies of thesis or six (6) copies of dissertation to the GS Office. After the
defense, the candidate shall be given at least 15 days to revise the manuscript and
incorporate the evaluators’ suggestions.

The oral defense shall be scheduled at least one (1) week after the six (6) copies of
thesis or eight (8) copies of dissertation have been received by the GS Office.

The last date of oral defense shall be held one (1) week before the Graduate School
Academic Council meeting for the student to be included in the list of candidates for
graduation.

The candidate shall ensure that the manuscript (for all three tiers of defense) is duly
acknowledged by the GS Secretary who shall also issue the formal notice of schedule of
defense, specifying the names of the members of Thesis/Dissertation Evaluation Committee
(for the proposal presentation and the pre-oral defense) and the Panel on Oral Examination
(for the oral defense), signed by the GS Dean.

The Dean shall create/appoint the Panel on Oral Examination (POE) who will
undertake the final evaluation of the thesis/dissertation. The POE for a thesis shall be
composed of a chair and two members; for a dissertation, a chair and four members. The
thesis/dissertation evaluators shall also sit as members of the POE. When appropriate, a non-
NEUST GS faculty member or outsider (researcher or practitioner from any other
university/agency) shall also sit as a panel member upon the approval of the Dean.

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5. The Rebuttal Form

The Rebuttal Form is the summary of the proponent’s compliance to the

recommendations of the POE. This, together with the previously evaluated manuscript and
the summary of recommendations prepared by the Secretary, as well as the revised
manuscript with the Approval Sheet must be submitted to the POE for evaluation and
approval. It is only when every POE recommendation has been complied with that the paper
shall be considered final and approved for reproduction into the number of required copies
for graduation.

Figure 1
Sample Rebuttal Form

PROPONENT : Rizalino Bonifacio

PROGRAM : Ph.D. – EM
DISSERTATION : Implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Education in Schools Division of Gapan City
DATE OF DEFENSE : February 21, 2017
Recommendations POE Action Taken Reference Signature of
Member Page Evaluator
Chapter 1
1. Improve organization of Dr. Ison
paragraphs/ideas in the
introduction.
2. Add more recent reviews on the topic Dr. Reyes Complied with Pages 4, 5, Approved
7, 10, 11 (Dr Reyes
signs)
Chapter 2
1. Add justification of the reviews made. Dr. Reyes
Pont the gap which the current study
tries to fill.
Chapter 3
1. Improve discussion of your
methodology.
2. Use more appropriate statistics for
question no. 3. Your data is ordinal.
Pearson r is not appropriate.

etc …

6. The Final Thesis or Dissertation Report

The final thesis or dissertation report, in six hard copies, must have been approved by
all concerned and submitted to the Dean of the Graduate School with accompanying soft
copy before a student is allowed for graduation.

7. The Thesis and Dissertation Committee

The Thesis or Dissertation Committee consists of the Advisory Panel and the Panel
on Oral Examination (POE).

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The Advisory Panel

The Advisory Panel consists of the Adviser, the Statistician and the English Critic of
the proponent. Below are their specific functions.

The Adviser. A qualified Research Adviser shall be chosen preferably from among
the full-time faculty of the Graduate School. In addition to this, he/she needs to have
majored in the field of research being undertaken and must have had the experience as a
member of a panel of thesis or dissertation oral defense and/or experience in research
designing, advising, critiquing, and the like.

The adviser shall guide the proponent from the preparation of the proposal to the
preparation of the final research report. His/her role includes the following:

a. advising the proponent all throughout the research process;

b. guiding the proponent in preparing all necessary research staff work;
c. critiquing of the research paper chapter by chapter and ensuring that it is already
decent and scholarly enough, grammar wise and content wise, for endorsement to, and
examination of the Panel of Examiners;

To be able to do the above, the adviser does not only have to be knowledgeable in
research but must also have the commitment and the capacity to sit long hours discussing
the research details with the advisee. He/She should be approachable, accessible, and
inspiring enough to encourage the advisee to complete his/her research paper within the
prescribed period.

The Statistician. Contrary to common belief, the role of the statistician does not begin
and end in performing statistical computations for the proponent. His/her duty goes beyond
and extends further. His/her role requires direct assistance to the proponent in terms of the
following:
a. planning and developing of the data gathering tool that would succinctly answer
all research queries;
b. ensuring that each item in the data gathering tool would lead to finding answers
to the specific statement of the problem;
c. validating and establishing the reliability of the data gathering tools developed;
d. choosing the statistical tool or instruments appropriate for the data gathered;
e. presenting gathered data in tabular, graphical, or figure form; and
f. analyzing and interpreting statistical data.

The English Critic /Research Editor. The research editor ensures that the research
paper satisfies the requirement of a scholarly technical paper in terms of form and grammar.
His/her role includes the following:

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 a. Ensuring that the paper is ready for presentation and printing based on the
principles of technical writing;

b. Checking grammar usage on the basis of the research content. This means that the
English Critic or editor must not only be after grammar usage but should also be after the
rules of logic. He or she can make changes in the paper except in those that would require
approval of the POE.

The Panel on Oral Examination (POE).

The Panel on Oral Examination consists of a Chair and two (2) members for thesis; and
a chair and four (4) members for dissertation. A secretary is also assigned to take care of the
minutes of every proceeding of each research presentation. The Dean of the Graduate School
assigns and invites the Chairs and Members of the Panel on the basis of competence and
availability.

The Chair. The Chair of the Department can be a Chair of the POE, but his/her
chairmanship is not automatic. Any other GS faculty member with doctorate degree, from
the same discipline as that of the proponent, and with relatively rich experience in research,
can be a Chair of the POE.

The Members. Any GS Faculty whose training and qualifications are in line with the
proponent’s research topic, and whose discipline is the same as that of the proponent, can
be a member of the POE. In case of non-availability of prospective panel members from the
school, the GS can invite panelist from other schools or agencies, provided that the
specialization of the invitee is the same as, or relevant to, the specialization or research topic
of the proponent. If possible, one member of the panel must be an expert statistician.

Functions of the Panel on Oral Examination

The members of the Panel on Oral Examination are expected to evaluate the ability
of the master’s or doctorate candidate to present the summary of his paper and to answer
questions relevant to his thesis/dissertation. In general, the members are expected to find
out the breadth and depth of knowledge of the examinee regarding his thesis/dissertation
project.

Specifically, the POEs are expected to probe on:

a. Whether the proponent is the rightful owner and author of the research at hand;
b. The justification behind the choice of the problem, objectives, and methodologies
used (data-collection procedure, sampling procedure, data/ statistical analysis
procedure);
c. The relationship between aspects of related literature and studies and the research
project;

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 d. Whether specific objectives are answered in the findings and conclusions;
e. Whether findings are within the scope of the problem;
f. Whether analysis, implications and conclusions are done objectively in an in-depth
and logical manner;
g. Whether recommendations are drawn from findings and conclusions;
h. Whether the form of the writing style follows the prescribed format of the NEUST
Graduate School; and
i. Whether the research contributes to the testing and building of theories or
knowledge in the discipline.

8. Parts of a Thesis/Dissertation Report Paper

The parts of thesis or dissertation report paper depend upon which stage of
presentation it will undergo. If for proposal, it needs to have only 2 parts, which are Chapters
1 and 2. If for pre-oral and final oral defense presentations, it needs to have all four chapters.
Below are the necessary parts of the thesis or dissertation for the different stages of defense.

The Thesis or Dissertation Format for Proposal Defense

The thesis or dissertation manuscript for proposal defense must have the following
parts: The Preliminaries, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, References and Appendices. The contents of
each part are enumerated as follows for the guidance of any prospective thesis or
dissertation writers:

Preliminaries

• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables (if any)
• List of Figures (if any)

Chapter 1. The Problem and its Background

• Introduction and a Review of Related Literature and Studies

• Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
• Statement of the Problem
• Hypothesis (if any, depending on the nature of the problem)
• Scope and Limitations of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms

Chapter 2. Methods and Procedures

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 • Research Design
• Locale of the Study
• Respondents/Participants/Subjects
• Sample and Sampling Procedure
• Research Instruments
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Data Analysis Technique

References

Appendices
• Data Gathering Instrument (i.e. Questionnaire or Interview Guide)
• Related Policy Issuances
• Curriculum Vitae
• Calendar of Activities (in matrix or Gantt Chart)
• Estimated Expenses (if research is funded by an agency)

The Thesis or Dissertation Format for Pre-oral and Oral Defense

The thesis or dissertation manuscript for Pre-oral and Oral defenses must have all the
parts of the paper, which include the following: The Preliminaries, Chapter 1, Chapter 2,
Chapter 3, Chapter 4, References and Appendices. There however is a slight difference on
the contents of the appendices. The contents of each part are also enumerated as follows for
the guidance of prospective thesis or dissertation writers:

Preliminaries
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables (if any)
• List of Figures (if any)

Chapter 1. The Problem and its Background

• Introduction and a Review of Related Literature and Studies

• Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
• Statement of the Problem
• Hypothesis (if any, depending on the nature of the problem)
• Scope and Limitations of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms

Chapter 2. Methods and Procedures

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 • Research Design
• Locale of the Study
• Respondents/Participants/Subjects
• Sample and Sampling Procedure
• Research Instruments
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Data Analysis Technique

Chapter 3. Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Chapter 4. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

• Summary
• Findings
• Conclusions
• Recommendations

References

Appendices
• Questionnaire (with cover letter)
• Request letter indicating receipt and approval by proper authority to conduct
survey
• Documents, memoranda, data/figures (if any)
• Sample statistical computations or printouts (for quantitative studies)
• Curriculum Vitae
• Certification of Editing

9. Manuscript Preparation

In the preparation of the manuscript, the specifications on format, spacing, margins,

pagination, running header, headings, tables and figures, paper and printing specifications,
as well as font specifications are carefully followed. The following pointers shall guide you.

Format. Journal style of writing or the APA format shall be used in the manuscript
preparation. This means using bias free language in terms of disabilities, race, ethnicity,
and sexuality all throughout the text.

Spacing. Modified APA is prescribed in terms of spacing. Formal APA prescribes

double-space in all text. Meanwhile, NEUST GS prescribes double-space in all text; single-
space in long quotations, tables and figure captions, and in similar special materials (e.g.,
table legend).

Margins. Modified APA format shall also be used in setting page margin. APA specifies
1-inch margin in all four (4) sides of the paper (top, bottom, left, and right). NEUST GS,
however, prescribes 1 ½ at the left and 1 at the top, right side and bottom margin.

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 Pagination. Page number, in Hindu-Arabic should be set in the upper right hand
corner of the paper. The first page of each chapter shall not be numbered.

Running Header. Used only in formal APA style, this is a short descriptive title that
appears at the top of every page in the published journal. In a manuscript, it appears on every
page (including the title page), flush left, in uppercase letters, on the same line as the page
number.

Headings. Headings should be written using the following illustration as guide:

APA Headings
Level Format
1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase
Headings
2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase
Heading
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a
period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading
with a period.
5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a
period.
Tables and Figures. Tables and figures can be set in either portrait or landscape form,
depending upon the length of the content. The general rule is that it should, as much as
possible, be compressed in a single page. If not possible, it must be cut strategically. Either
place these at the end of the paper (formal APA style) or incorporate them into the text.

Paper and Printing Specifications. Print the final copy with a laser printer using only
one side of a standard-sized NEUST GS bond paper (8.5 x 11 inches).

Font Specifications. Use Times New Roman, font size 12 throughout the thesis or
dissertation, except to compress a large table.

The cover. The cover for the manuscript shall be blue for thesis and white for
dissertation. The cover design is available at the Graduate School Learning Resource Center.

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 Part 2

THE THESIS AND DISSERTATION REPORT APA STYLE

The full thesis and dissertation report paper shall consist of four (4) chapters. To
help you in the preparation of research report, you are provided with the following
description and guide in the preparation of each part.

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

An Introduction and a Review of Related Literature and Studies

The introduction includes review of related literature which shows research gaps
that establishes the foundations of the problem. It describes the research problem or
research question and lays out the reasoning behind it. This reasoning is sometimes called a
theoretical argument. It justifies the study in terms of a need for the information it will
provide, in order to develop or test a theory, or in order to understand, explain, or further
describe a phenomenon. (Refer to the APA manual for additional information about the
introduction).

The literature cited should support the theoretical argument being made and should
demonstrate that the author has a grasp of the major ideas and findings that pertain to his
or her topic. (Refer to APA manual for additional information concerning literature reviews).

The introduction should lead up to, and provide support for the problem statement.
It should be presented following logic for the purpose of clarity. The logic may either be
deductive or inductive.

Theoretical / Conceptual Framework

a. Theoretical framework is a tentative explanation on the occurrence of the problem from

the perspective of theorists or of books and journal authors.

b. Conceptual framework is the proponent’s version of what explains the problem. It is

usually supported by a research diagram.

Statement of the Problem

a. This portion has two (2) parts: the general statement and the specific statement.
b. The general statement of the problem captures the title in statement form and explains
why the study was conducted. The specific statement of the problem, on the other

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 hand, enumerates specific questions or research problems that when answered would
lead to finding answer to the general statement.

Hypotheses

a. Hypotheses are declarative statements written in the expected or predicted direction.

Such hypotheses are written in the present tense.

b. Not all theses or dissertations require hypothesis; only research that asks for impact,
difference, effect or relationship does.

Scope and Limitations

a. Scope answers the questions: What or who is the study about? Where was it
conducted? When was it conducted?

b. Scope may include mention or explanation of the limits (delimitations) of the study.
These may be the respondents, subjects, or participants that you intentionally did not
include in the study for some reasons.

c. Limitations are what should be covered or done in the study but were not because of
the factors beyond the control of the researcher. Example of limitation is the inability of
the researcher to include among the respondents those he/she intended to include
because they moved somewhere away before the data gathering was completed or
because they were in a war zone.

Significance of the Study

a. This section needs not be very long but should be very powerful.

b. It discusses who will benefit from it and in what ways.

Definition of Terms

a. Only the key terms or variables used in the study are defined under this section. These
terms appear in the title, the statement of the problem and the conceptual paradigm.

b. Terms should be defined conceptually and operationally. Conceptual definition is

definition by the book and must be properly cited. Operational definition is based on
the usage of the term in the study.

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 Chapter 2

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the methods and procedures used in the study. It includes the
research design, population and sampling techniques, instrumentation, data gathering
procedures and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

a. This portion discusses the research design used in the study.

b. The discussion includes a brief definition of the design, and an explanation on why and
how it was used.

Locale of the Study

a. Describe the locale of the study. Provide a map if necessary.

b. The description should not be limited to geographical location alone but in relation to
the topic.

Population and Sampling

a. This portion is necessary only when the study necessitates the use of a sample to
represent a population.

b. The population from which the sample was taken must be described.

c. The sampling technique or method of sample selection used must be explained.

Respondents of the Study/ Participants/ Subject

a. The term “respondents” is used for sources of data in quantitative studies where there
are survey or interview questions to respond to; “participants” are sources of data
used in qualitative researches; while “subjects” is used as sources of data in
experimental researches.

b. Whichever, these sources of data should be mentioned in details in this section, such
as; if they are teachers, office workers or administrators, etc. Likewise, they must be
described in terms of their demographic profile characteristics such as: age,
educational attainment or gender, etc.

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Research Instruments

a. This section discusses and describes the instruments used for gathering data in the
study. It also discusses the instrument by part and explains what each part measures.

b. If the instrument was standardized or developed by previous researcher, it must be

mentioned in this section, with proper citation and supported with permission from
the author.

c. If the instrument is self-constructed, it must be described in terms of the variables it

intended to measure and the validity and reliability measures taken to ensure that it is
valid and reliable.

d. The proponent must ensure that the instrument will yield data that answer the
research questions or statement of the problem.

Data Gathering Procedures

a. This portion discusses the step by step procedure taken in the conduct of the study:
from the preparation of the data gathering instrument, seeking permission to conduct
the study, to gathering, collating and analyzing the data gathered.

b. The proponent should discuss in this portion how the study was conducted and
whether he or she conducted it by himself or herself or if someone else has done it for
him/her.

c. The process of data collection and how the instruments were distributed and gathered
should also be discussed.

d. The exact date of data gathering and the overall number of questionnaires distributed
and retrieved must be mentioned.

e. The data gathering instrument must come with a cover letter stating that the
researcher respects the respondents’ privacy and that all the information to be
gathered will be used only for the purpose of the study and will be kept confidential.

Data Analysis Technique

a. How the researcher processed the data should be described here.

b. The statistics used to analyze, interpret and determine implication of the data must be
indicated.

15
c. In case of experimental studies, the treatments used for the variables of the study
must be described.

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results of the analyses, in the order of the specific
statement of the problem. Only the main topics per problem shall appear as headings. The
number of subheadings shall be consistent with the number of sub-problems posed in
Chapter 1.

The format of Chapter 3 may vary depending on the research design, subject to the
approval of the Thesis/Dissertation Evaluation Committee.

Results should be presented with sound analysis and bias-free interpretation.

Presentation

a. Research data can be presented in pictorial, textual, figurative, graphical, or tabular

manner. Whichever, the presentation should clearly give a picture of the result of the
study.

b. There is no need to repeat the details of all the contents of the table or graph in
textual form. It is more important to capture and substantially interpret the highlights
and the interesting points of the resulting data rather than to convert them textually.

Analysis

a. Provide statistical analyses of the presentations made to answer the research

questions or to accept and reject hypotheses.

b. Integrate the results with the theoretical background and relate with relevant
literature findings.

Interpretation

a. Data should be interpreted according to the statistical result of the study and in
relation to the reviews made on related literatures and studies.

b. It is important to point out gaps and similarities between the findings of the current
and previous researches.

16
c. Implication of the findings of the study in the discipline the researcher belongs should
also be drawn and discussed in the interpretation.

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings from which the conclusions and
recommendations were derived.

Summary

a. The result of the study should be summarized and presented in technical terms and
in the sequence of the statements of the problem.

b. Each summarized findings should be an answer to the statement of the problem or

objectives of the study.

b. There should be as many summarized findings as there are objectives or statements

of the problem.

Conclusions

a. Conclusion should be drawn out of the summarized result of the study.

b. There should be no more mathematical or statistical figures presented in this

section.

c. There should be as many conclusions as there are findings.

d. Each conclusion must be a direct answer to the specific statements of

the problem.
.

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Recommendations

a. Lay down recommendations based on the findings of the study.

b. The recommendations should be specific and should be directed to specific person

or entity.

c. Propose further research. Explain why is the proposed research needed and what
form should it take (if you have a proposed program make sure to mention the
rationale).

c. Recommend replication if a study of the same nature should be conducted in the

near future.

REFERENCES

The following are the prescribed style of referencing you must follow. Take note that
presentation of references differs depending upon whether the material is taken from a
book, magazine, journal, or internet site. They should be presented alphabetically
regardless of the sources. However for the purpose of illustration, they are presented
below according to sources.

Example of References from Books

Anderson, D. L. (2010). Organizational development: the process of leading organizational

change. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.

Baron, R. A. & Greenberg, J. (2003). Behavior in organizations. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bergmann, R., Coulter, M., Robbins, S., & Stagg, I. (2006). Foundations of management. 2nd
ed. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Prentice Hall.

Blanchard, K., Carlos, J. P., & Randolph, A. (2001). The 3 keys to empowerment: release the
power within people for astonishing results. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler
Publishers.

Bryars, L. L., & Rue, L. W. (2008). Human resource management. 9th ed. San Francisco, CA:
McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Bryke, A. S., & Schneider, B. (2002). Trust in schools. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Cavanaugh, J. C. & Kail, R. V, (2007). Human development: A life span view. 4th ed. Belmont,
CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

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Cordero, P. A. & Cunningham, W. G. (2009). Educational leadership: A bridge to improved
practice. 4th ed. New York, NY: Allyn and Bacon.

Covey, S. R. (2004). The 8th habit from effectiveness to greatness. New York, NY: Free Press.

Covey, S. R. (2007). The speed of trust: The one thing that changes everything. New York,
NY: Free Press.

Example of References from Magazines and Journals

Aragon, S. R. & Johnson, S. D. (2002). Emerging roles and competencies for training in e-
learning environments. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 4(4): 424–439.

Boon, J., & van der Klink, M. (2002) Competencies: The triumph of a fuzzy concept.
Academy of Human Resource Development Annual Conference, Honolulu, HA, 27
February – 3 March, in: Proceedings, (1): 327–334.

Collins, D. B., Lowe, J. S. and Arnett, C. R. (2000) High-performance leadership at the

organization level. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 6: 18–46.

Example of References from the Internet

Calica, A., Crisostomo, S., Flores, H., & Mendez, C. (2010). 7 of 10 Pinoys distrust GMA.
Retrieved: http://propinoy.net/2010/02/25/7-of-10-pinoys-distrust-gma-pulse-
asia/

APPENDICES

The appendices in the thesis and dissertation report shall contain the following

a. Correspondence (all letter requests involving data collection)

b. Research instruments or data gathering instruments
c. Pilot Study Result
d. Statistical Input
e. Curriculum Vitaé of the proponent
f. Any other material as may be required by the Thesis Dissertation
Committee

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