DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

DEBRETABORUNIVERSITY
FACULITYOFTECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENTMECHANICALENGINEERING
STREAM:DESIGN
THESISPROJECTTOACHIEVEBSC
TITLE:DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE

PREPAIREDBY:

NAME IDNo

DARISAFI....................................................797/08

DIRIBAASSEFA...........................................474/08

GEBREGWERGISTEKLE...........................608/08

ADVISOR:Mr.ZELALEM

DEBRETABOR/ETHIOPIA

DATE:25/06/2012E.C
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

P.O.BOX:272

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

FirstofallIwouldliketothankthealmightyGodforhelpingmetobesuccessful.Also,wewould
liketotakethisopportunitytothankourproposalguide(advisor)Mr.Zelelem(MSc),forhis
patience,guidance,motivation,andatmostsupporttowardscompletionoftheproject.Hehas
guidedustowardsobtainingthesolutionconsistentlysothatweareabletocompleteourproposal
ontimewiththetightschedule.Heisatremendouslygoodguide,whoexhibitshisextensivecares,
experiences,disciplinesandguidancetowardshisproposalstudents.
Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldlikethankforallpersonswhoparticipateonmyproposalfaculty
members,classmates,friendswhohavecontributedinourproposalandalsofortheirmoralsupport
andencouragementtoinvestingtheirtime,energyandknowledgeformetomaketheactivitiesin
eachsectionclear.IwouldliketothankmyspecialgratitudetoDebreTaborUniversityandall staffs.
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

ABSTRACT

ThispapercontainsDesignofwastepaperrecyclingmachineforfurniture.Asitscentralaim,this
paperattemptstoexplaintheoveralldesignofwastepaperrecyclingmachineforfurniture.The
paperdiscussaboutalldesignanalysis,partandassemblydrawingandthesafetyoperationofthe
machine.WeuseSolidworksoftwareforanalysis.Themachinehavethehighcapacityofshredding
wastepaperperhouranditcontainmainlythreesystemswhichincludesshreddingsystem,
pressingsystemandmixingsystem.Inthisprojectweintroducetheconceptofwasterecycling
technologywhichisvitalforthetransferoftechnologyasawholeforthesafetyofcomfortanduse.
Sincereverseengineeringallowsusesofsimpleandlocalmaterialitwillenableustomanufacture
thewastepaperrecyclingmachineinasimplemanner.

Keywords:shredding,press,mixing

IIDEBRETABORUNIVERSITY MECHANICALENGINEERING
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

TableofContents Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENT I
ABSTRACT II

4.2Specificobjective 7
5.Methodology 8
6.ScopeoftheProject9

7.Significanceofthestud y
9
8.ConceptModel 10
8.1layoutofwastepaperrecyclingmachine 10
8.2Generalworkingprinciple 10
8.3Listofsomecomponentsanddescription 11
8.42D,3Dand/oranimations 12
10.BudgetPlane 14

Reference 15

IIIDEBRETABORUNIVERSITY MECHANICALENGINEERING
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

Listoffigure

Figure1.layoutofwastepaperrecyclingmachine 10
Figure2.flowchartforproductionofpaperrecyclingmachine 10
Figure3.Partandassembledrawing12

IVDEBRETABORUNIVERSITY MECHANICALENGINEERING
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

Listoftable

Table1.workplaneofthethesisproject 13
Table2.bdgetplaneforthemachine 14

VDEBRETABORUNIVERSITY MECHANICALENGINEERING
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

1.Introduction

Paperisoneofthemostimportantproductseverinventedbyman.Theprimaryrawmaterial
forthepaperproductionispulpsfibresobtainingbycomplicatedchemicalprocessfromnatural
materials,mainlyfromwood.Paperrecyclingsavesthenaturalwoodrawstock,decreasesthe
operationandcapitalcoststopaperunit,decreasewaterconsumptionandlastbutnotleastthis
paperprocessinggivesrisetotheenvironmentpreservation.Akeyissueinpaperrecyclingisthe
impactofenergyuseinmanufacturing.Paperrecyclingistheprocessofrecoveringwastepaper
andremakingitintonewpaperproducts.Therearethreecategoriesofpaperthatcanbeusedas
feedstockformakingrecycledpaper:-millbroke,pre-consumerwaste,andpost-consumerwaste 1.

Nowadays,paperrecyclingisincreasinginthesensethatitcontributestopreservationand
conservationofnaturalresources.Paperrecyclinghelpstosavewoodrawstock,reducesenergy
consumption,reduceglobalwarmingpotential,decreasestheoperationandcapitalcostsofpaper
unitsandlastbutnotleastreducesoverallenvironmentimpact.Thedesignedmachine,asagreen
technology,primarilyrecycledpaperwastetofurnitureinput,whichimprovethetimber
consumptionforfurnitureandcreatecleanenvironment2.

Thepaperrecyclingmachinemainlyconsistsofthepulpfeedingsystem,pulptransferringsystem,
calendaringsystemanddrivingmechanismwhosePaperrecyclingisaprocessofobtainingpulp
fibresfromalreadymadepaperfunctionsareasthetitlesofthesystems.Themajorsetupofthe
machineismanufacturedduetoitslowercost,higherweldability,bettertoughness,higherductility
andmalleability.Thelinediagramofthemachinelayout 3.
1.1Background
Woodiscertainly,asstones,thefirstmaterialthathasbeenusedbyhumanityinatechnological
goal.It’sareallylightmaterial,regardingitsexcellentmechanicalpropertiesthatallowitsusefor
buildingtechnologyorasatool.Also,it’saneasysourceofenergythatprovidesalotofheatby
combustion.Nowadays,woodisstillaveryimportantmaterial,butitsusehascompletelychanged.
Indeed,thereisnomoreneedtoburnwoodforlightingormakingarrowstoattackourenemies.

HandmadepapermakinginIndiabeginin3rdCenturyB.C.Thispapermakinghasbeena
traditionalartwhichhasbeenpassedthroughgenerationbycraftsmenknownas`Kagzis’.The
DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

namebeingderivedfromtheworld`Kagaz’meaningpaper.Throughthesearenowalmostextinct
exceptinsmallpocketslikeJaipur,thehandmadepapermakingisfastdevelopinginseveralparts
ofourcountryandnowitgainedastatusofcommercialventureandasoundbusinessproposition.
Thedemandforhandmadepaperanditsproductisfastgrowinginthedomesticaswellas
internationalmarket.

NIRD&PRidentifiedthisprojectasoneoftheimportantactivitiesthatcreatesemploymentamong
unskilledandsemi-skilledpeople,provideregularsourceofincome,developsentrepreneurship
amongyouth,encouragerecyclingofwaste,producebiodegradableproductsandaboveallhelpsto
createaneco-friendlyenvironment4.

Therearetwomaintechnologiestogofromatreetoapieceofpaper.Thefirstoneisthepulping
technology.Itconsistsofreleasingthecellulosefibersfromthewholewoodstructure.

Inthiswork,thispulpinghasbeenmadeusingadigesterandchemicaladditives.Thesecond
technologyisthepapertechnology.Itincludesthebleachingprocessandthefibersreorganization.
Oneofthemostusedmaterialsintheworldistheplastic,madefromoil.Itisaverypollutant
material.Thegoalwouldbetoreplacethingsmadeinplasticbythingsmadebyplasticizedwood.

Paperrecyclingtechnologyisstartedaround1800sinEnglandbyDr.KarlMSinuchamineandthen
HistechnologywasdevelopedindifferentcountriesespeciallyinJapan.Nowadaypaperis
recycledtopaperandinlastfewdecadesthiswastepaperisrecycledtofurniture.

Itwouldbeimpossibletoadequatelyunderstandanyaspectofcommercialwastemanagementin
NewYorkCityEngineerCarlMaxTon,Hesaidthatwithoutsomebackgroundontheunderworld’s
involvementfromthebeginningofthe20thcenturythroughthelate1990s.BeforeNewYorkCity
passedlawsin1992requiringallbusinessestosourceseparatetheirrecyclables,3theworldof
commercialgarbagehaulingwascontrolledbymobbosses,whilethepaperrecyclingindustrywas
runbylegitimate,oftenfamily-ownedcorporations.

Latein1992,RickCowan,anundercoverdetectivewiththeNewYorkCityPoliceDepartment,
witnessedthefire-bombingofoneofChambers’truckers.Thisledtohisinfiltrationofthemafia
strongholdoncommercialhaulingandrecycling,undertheassumedidentityofDannyBenedetto,
the“long-lostcousin”ofSalBenedetto,thefourthgenerationownerofChambers.

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

2.LiteratureReview

Conceptoftheproposedprojectworkistorecycletheusedwastepapertoconvertitintouseful
paper.Inanybiginstitution,especiallyeducationalinstitutionslikeschoolsorcolleges,generation
oflargequantityofwastepapersisquiteapparentandeffectiveuseofrecycledpaperisalso
possible(craftpapers,registersetc.).So,insteadofdisposingoffthewastepapersintotrash,
recyclingthemmakessense.Thisnotonlyhelpstheinstituteincostsavingbutwillalsoensureits
contributiontowardstheprotectionoftheenvironment.Theproposedmodeldesignissmall-scaled
paperrecyclingplant,whichcanbeusedinschoolsandcolleges,ensuresthatacheapandnoncomplexme
thodofproductionofpaperproductisguaranteed.Theunitwillbepreparedwithall
necessarycomponentspecificationstakingsafetyinconsideration(Kaleetal.,2016).
Paperisoneofthemostimportantpartsofhumanlifeasweknoweducation,business,anythingis
notpossiblewithouttheuseofpaper.Aspaperpopulationincreasesdaybydaysothepaper
sourcingrawmaterialisemerging.Asaresult,naturalresourcesarebeingexploited.Sorecycling
ofpaperbecomesoneoftheimportantpartsofthelifetopreserveournaturalresources.Paper
recyclingisalsohelpingtomakepapermakingprocesseasyandhelpful.Paperrecyclingalsohelps
inenvironmentprotection.Thisprocessdoesnotcreateanytypeofpollution.Thestudyconcludes
thatweightofwastepaperasarowmaterialwithinthecostofthefactoryis43%(Soni,2018).

Duetolackofproperwastecollectionchannelwelossamajorportiontoandfills.Theamountof
importedwastepaperisgreaterthanindigenouslycollectedpaper.So,insteadofthrowingawaythe
wastepaperintrash,recyclingcanbeadopted.Ininstituteslikeoffices,schools,collegesand
industriesthepaperrecyclingconsistsoffollowingsections:-pulping,forming,machinecanbe
usedtoreducepaperwasteandcostsaving.Themainbenefitofrecyclingisdoubledecreaseofthe
environmentalload.Designingautomaticallyoperatedcompactrecyclingmachinewhichcanbe
usedtosimplytheprocessandreducetheproductioncostofpaper.Themachineisdesignedwith
essentialsectionstocarryouttheprocess.The3-DmodellingisdoneinCATIAandthemachine
willbefabricatedaccordingly(Thakuretal.,2017).

Paperrecyclinghasaprimeimportanceasthewholeworldexpressesitsconcernsforthe
deforestationandincreasedpollutionontheearth.Securingnaturalresourcesandimprovementof
thegreencountontheearthforthenextgenerationhasacriticalreceptioninthecurrentworld.

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

Recyclingisacodicilfortheproductionofnewpaper.Thisprocessactuallyhelpsinreductionof
deforestationwhichwouldhaveadirectimpactonpreservationofthenaturalresourcesonearth
cloutingtheadverseeffectsofpollution.Theinnovationtargetingtherecyclingofthepaper,
portabletheinnovationtargetingtherecyclingofthepaper,portablemanuallyoperatedrecycling
machineisahighlyappreciablestepaheadpromotingthedecreasedconservationoftheearth’s
resources.Thebyproductsintheprocessofpaperrecyclingalsocouldbeusedforvariousother
purposesandinindustriesasrawmaterial.Acknowledgingtheexistingideaoftheportable
manuallyoperatedpaperrecyclingmachine,theobjectiveofourprojectistoimprovethereliability,
sustainabilityandthelifeofthepaperrecyclingmachinebyimprovingthedesignelementsofthe
machineperformingstructuralanalysisonthevariouselementsandidentifyingtheelementon
whosechangeindesigncouldbeimplementedfortheimprovementinthelifeofthemachine.(Goud
etal.,2017).

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

3.ProblemStatement

Industries,commerce,householdsandgovernmentinstitutionsconsumealotofpaperandalso
producealotofwastepaper.Usuallythesewastepapersarediscardedintheenvironmentalhence
destroystheaestheticbeautyincommunitiesandcanleadtoenvironmentaldegradation.Withthe
increaseineconomicandcommercialactivitiespaperconsumptionhasincreasedrapidly.The
increaseinwastepaperdisposedofreducesthelifespanoflandfillsandcausesanuisanceinthe
environment.
ThisproblemistheriskfordevelopingcountrylikeEthiopia.Theglobalwarmingcauseismainly
humancausebymeansofthepaperawayineverywereandoccupyaspeace,itcutplantforfiring,
ifitcanusethismachineitcanminimizethisproblem,dirtyenvironmentandhumantoxicityare
themajorproblemsemergefromwastepaperwithinourcountry.Thepriceoffurnitureincreases
dramaticallyforlastfewyears.Toreducebothproblem,integratedsolutionisrequiredthatusethe
wastepaperforotherpurposeandreducethedeforestationandcostoffurniture.

Recyclingwastepapertofurnitureinputkillsbothproblemsandisagreentechnologyforour
country.Theprojectalsocreatescleanenvironment,establishjobopportunityforthecommunity.

Recyclingwastepapertofurnitureinputreducestheproblemofwastepaper,decreasecostof
furnitureandreducedeforestation.
4.Objectives

4.1Generalobjective
Themainobjectiveoftheprojectistodesignandfabricationofwastepaperrecyclingmachinefor
furnitureinputthatconvertseasilyavailableofwastepaper.
4.2Specificobjective
Thespecificobjectiveincludes:

Designofcomponentsofwastepaperrecyclingmachineforfurniture

Selectionofmaterialsforeachcomponent.

Todo3-DModellingandfabricationofthemachineinSOLIDWORK.

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

MakinganalysisusingANSYSsoftware.

Developingprototypeandtesting.

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

5.Methodology

Thetoolsweusedtogatheringtherequiredinformationincludes
directfieldobservations
Survey
Themainprocedurewefollowtoreachthefinaldesignincludes

1.Identifytheproblem
2.Defineor“refine”theproblem
3.Gatherinformation
4.Developalternatesolutions
5.Selectandrefinethebestsolution
6.Expressthedesignsolutionandmakedesigncalculationandanalysis,evaluate,revise,and refine

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

6.ScopeoftheProject

Thisprojectwasconductedtodesignwastepaperrecyclingmachine.Theprojectscopedtoperform
thedesignanalysisincludingthedrawingandsimulation.Inthisprojectdesignanalysisandpart
drawingofmoldpressingandlevelingsystem.

7.Significanceofthestudy

Recyclingsavestheearth

Recyclingcanhelpminimizethecuttingoftrees,whichareusedtomakefurniture.Sobycutting
lesstreesandproducingmorerecycledfurniture,wepreservetheenvironmentforfuture
generations.Besidesthat,conservingforestswillhelptheenvironment.Thisisbecausetreesare
knowntoimproveair,preventfloodsandproviderawmaterials.

Merchants(trader)

Differentsocialservicesector(likeschool,finace,)

shoesmanufacturingcompany Differentsociety,hoteletc.

8.ConceptModel

8.1layoutofwastepaperrecyclingmachine

Figure1.layoutofwastepaperrecyclingmachine

8.2Generalworkingprinciple

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

Figure2.flowchartforproductionofpaperrecyclingmachine

Thewastepapertofurnitureprocessingmachineworkingprinciplesare;atfirstthepapercollecting
processistakesplace,atthisstageunwantedmaterialslikeplastic,solidparticlesandwiresare
removedfromthecollectedpapermanually,afterremovingunwantedmaterialthepaperwillbeon
shreddingbyhand(manually).Thecuttingstageusedtoshredthepaperintosmallpieceofpaper
whichenhancethemtobondtightlyandhighlytomakethemhavetheabilityoftighteningand
compatibility.

Aftercuttingisperformedthenwiththehelpofcollectorthenthepaperstransportedintothemixer
andthenchemicalsareaddedtothesystemandmixedatthemixingchambertoformmold.The
mixingprocessistakesplacethroughthepitchimpellerblade,whichismanually.

Asthehandlescrewrotatestheshaftthebladeisrotatedwithshaft.Afterthemixingprocess,the
formedmoldisdrawntothepatternandpressedbythebottomsurfacetogettherequiredshape
andstrengthitisdriednaturally.Thepatternhelpsthemoldtohavethedesiredshape.Finally,the
pressedmoldtreatedtoincreasesurfacehardnessandthenpaintedtogetsomerequiredstrength
anddecoration.

8.3Listofsomecomponentsanddescription

Frame:isusedasthemainstructure,whichsupportstheshreddinghousing(cylinder),shaft,and paper.

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

Cutterblade:Thecuttingbladeisround-
shapedbladewithfourcuttingedges,givenahexagonshapedholeinthemiddle,mountedonthemainsha
ftandmainshaftmovetogether.Thisbladeis usedtocutthepaperinverticaldirection.
Shaft:Theshaftissubjectedtotwoformsofdirectionalloadings:verticalloadingandhorizontal loading.
Mixer:Ashaftisamachineelementwhichisusedtotransmitpowerfromoneplacetoanother.
Alsousedforthetransmissionoftorqueandbendingmoment.Variousmembersaremountedon
theshaftbymeansofKeysorSpline(athinstripofwoodormetal)incaseofthisprojectmetalis
usedforthebleedmountedonshaftwhichishelpfulforthemixingandcuttingprocess
Cylinder:Thefunctionofcylinderinpaperrecyclingmachineistostoreandaccumulatedifferent
kindsofmaterialthatcanberelatedtothetargetobjective.
Hollowshaft:Aftermixingthewastepartofthepaperbysingmixeritcanbeformthetwopart
thatissolidpartandliquidpart,thentheliquidpartawayfromthecylinderbymeansofhollow shaft.
Getvalve:Thefunctionofgetvalveistoregulateorprotecttheliquidawayfromthecylinder.
8.42D,3Dand/oranimations

Figure3.Partandassembledrawing
9.WorkPlane

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

10.BudgetPlane

Table2.bdgetplaneforthemachine
No. activity Specifications/stakeholders Single Totalprice
price(birr)
Measure Unit Qty. (birr)

1 Frame 1 1200 1200

2 Cutterblade 9 450 4050

3 Shaft Diameter 2 700 1400

4 Mixer 2 520 1040

5 Cylinder Diameter 1 400 400

6 Hollowshaft Diameter 1 300 600

7 Getvalve 1 120 120

8 Handle 1 250 250

9 Other 2040

Total 3940 10200

Reference

1. ReportAMP.AMINORPROJECTREPORTFabricationofaManuallyOperatedPaperRecyclingMac
hine.249404(10).
2. 8591553446860586a4f7d4c988b1e5073106.pdf.
3. GoudAD,TurlapatyB,TechM.Re-Designingtheelementsofmanuallyoperatedpaper
recyclingmachineforlongerlifeandimprovedconditions. IntResJEngTechnol. 2017;04(02):5-
7.
4. RajP.DETAILEDPROJECTREPORTONHANDMADEPAPERMANUFACTURING&
CONVERSIONUNIT.:1-38.

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DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFWASTEPAPERRECYCLINGMACHINEFORFURNITURE 2020

5. KalePBN,GuheA,BodkheGS,KurilV,WaghmareP.WastePaperRecycling-AnApproachto
Sustainability.IJSART.2016;2(4):4-6.
6. SoniA.Paperrecyclingmachine.IntJAdvResideasInnovTechnol.2018;4(2):2697-2700.
7. ThakurA,KhatoiSS,SinghD,ManoreS,SiddiquiF.DesignandFabricationofCompactPaper
RecyclingMachine.IntJSciEngRes.2017;8(3):70-75.

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