TITLE :- Regional Plan- 2021 for National Capital Region : Addressing the planned

growth of Delhi by adopting regional approach.

Prepared by :- Ar. Mayank Patel [B. ARCH. , M.PLAN.]

Assistant Professor
Institute of Architecture, Hem. North Gujarat University, PATAN

ABSTRACT :-

Urbanization and Economic growth are two main key factors for a development in any
country and both are continuously increasing a day by a day. Particularly in India NCR is a big
example of the rapid growth of economic growth and urbanization. India is a fast urbanizing
country. As per Census 2011, 31.2 % of the total population lives in urban areas. NCR is even
more urbanized with 62.5% of its total population living in urban areas. However, excluding
NCT, Delhi. NCR is less urbanized (27%). The number of million-plus cities in India has increased
quit fourfold over the last three decades from 12 in 1981 to 53 in 2011. Million-plus cities
together have a population of 160.7 million and account for 43% of total urban population of
the country. Out of 53 million-plus cities, four cities namely:- Delhi, Meerut, Ghaziabad and
Faridabad are in the NCR and Gurugram UA is on the verge of becoming a million-plus city. In
this paper we will try to examine the role of metro centres and regional centres of NCR,
whether they have been helpful in fulfilling the objectives of NCR plan, what has been their
overall role in contributing towards the economic development of NCR. National Capital
Territory of Delhi [NCT-Delhi] has been experiencing rapid population growth and there has
been no respite from unprecedented migration from small and medium towns and rural areas
of the vast hinterland, on an average about 3 lakhs persons are added every year to total
population of NCT, Delhi. It attracts number of migrants, largely in the past four decades the
population growth of NCT, Delhi has been exceeding 50% per decade. Recent projections have
indicated that population of NCT, Delhi is stated to reach 18 million in 2001 and is likely to cross
23 million by 2021 recognized the need for planning Delhi in the regional context.

KEY WORDS:- Urbanization, Industrialization, NCR, NCT-Delhi, migration, population growth,

CNCR, Million plus cities, RP-2021, Policy zone, NCRPB.
Introduction :-

The proportion of urban population to total population in developing countries as a whole

was only 35% in 2001, which was less than half of that of developed countries as a whole (78%).
However, as per UN estimates, the tempo of the urbanization process will rapidly accelerate in
the next two decades reaching a little over 45% by the year 2011 in the developing region.
These nations are seriously concerned about urban congestion, poor housing, lack of basic
services, health and education also as unemployment, underemployment then forth. Urban
problems became one among the foremost crucial challenges to policy makers not only to
tackle but also pave the way for all-round development of cities and towns.
On the other hand, urbanization has already reached a remarkably high level in developed
countries, 78% of the population was considered urban in 2001. However, it’s observed that the
urbanization process will hamper in forthcoming years. Nevertheless, both urbanization and
development are also important issues for the advanced countries. The level of urbanization
within the highly urbanized societies is not expected to decline in the future but the urban
system could also be modified due to change within the spatial distribution of the urban
population. Even within the developed countries urban problems like traffic jam, environmental
degradation, housing shortage have confronted the urban planners and policy makers.
Besides India, the example of National Capital Region plan concept can be found in
various countries as it was by and large envisaged as need for decentralization of economic
activities. However, there has been number of instances in the world wherein efforts were
made to develop settlements outside the metropolitan cities mainly due to factors like
congestion of city centers/downtown area, traffic and transportation problems, high rental
values in these areas, prevalence of urban blight etc. some of the concept/examples of
decentralized development in each continent are, UK: New towns and Garden city concept,
CHINA: Planning initiatives for Beijing, USA: Boomburbs-bold new Metropolis or Updated
satellite cities, TURKEY: Istambul Metropolitan area.

Approaches and Methodology:-

Approaching to data from various articles, guide lines for NCR, report of NCRPB Act -
1985, secondary data through salient features of R.P.-2021, and study of metro and sub region
centres of NCR.

Objective of the Study:-

1, To analyze the functions of NCRPB.
2, To debate the varied issues and challenges for regional plan – 2021.
3, To analyze the role of various metro centre and regional centre of NCR.
4, To highlight the broad objective of the Regional Plan -2021, “ for promoting growth and
balanced development of the Region”.

Regional Plan -2021:-

Regional Plan [RP] -2021 of the National Capital Region as per section -10, sub section
(2) of the Act – 1985, was notified on 17th September, 2005. Subsequent to the notification of
RP -2021 on 17/09/2005, additional districts namely Bhiwani (including Charkha, Dadri) and
Mahendragarh districts of the state Haryana and Bharatnagar district of Rajasthan, were
included to NCR vide Government of India gazette notification dated 01/10/2013. Further the
districts of Jind and Karnal of Haryana and Muzaffarnagar district of U.P. were included in NCR
vide GOI gazette notification dated 24/11/2015. The district of Shamli of U.P. was included in
the NCR vide GOI Gazette notification dated 16/04/2018, the total additional area of NCR is
20939 sq. kms.

Demographic Profile of NCR

*** Constituent Area under National Regional Plan:-

The NCR as notified covers the whole of NCT, Delhi and certain districts of Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh and Rajasthan covering an area of about 55,083 sq. kms. [NCR constituent area as on
march-2017].
a, Haryana sub region with an area of 25,327 sq. km. accounting for 46% of the area of NCR
comprising following thirteen districts. 1, Faridabad 2, Gurgaon 3, Mewat 4, Rohtak 5, Sonepat
6, Rewari 7, Jhajjar 8, Panipat 9, Palwal 10, Bhiwani 11, Mahendragarh 12, Jind 13, Karnal
b, National Capital Territory of Delhi with an area of 1483 sq. km. accounting for 4.4% of the
area of NCR.
c, Rajasthan sub region with an area of 13,447 sq. km. accounting 24% of the area of NCR
comprising two districts, 1, Alwar and 2, Bharatpur
d, Uttar Pradesh sub region with an area of 14,826 sq. km. accounting 27% of the area of NCR
comprising eight districts, 1, Meerut 2, Ghaziabad 3, Gautam budh nagar 4, Bulandshahr 5,
Baghpat 6, Hapur 7, Shamli 8, Muzaffarnagar.

*** Growth of Population within the Sub-Regions of NCR:-

As regards the population of the region, it was 10.58 million in 1961, which increased to
37.03 million in 2001. The projected population of the region by the year 2021 will be 69.59
million.
NCT – Delhi:- Taking in to account the past trends the population of NCT-Delhi projected to
be 29.50 million by 2021. Rural population has shown an upward trend during each decade
since 1961. The Urban population indicates a rate of urbanization of 93.01 percent in 2001.
Migration plays a major role in the growth of population of NCT-Delhi. Among the migrants
majority of the population belongs to the states of the NCR [67.90%].
Uttar Pradesh:- The growth of rural population of UP sub-region is generally lower than the
urban growth rate. Among the three district Ghaziabad district has recorded higher percentage
growth of urban population. Among the towns of the sub-region, Meerut UA has achieved the
status of million plus city in 2001 census. DMA towns have shown very high rate of growth of
population. The projected population of UP Sub-region will be 19.34 million by 2021.
Haryana:- The growth of rural population among these districts is comparatively higher as
compared to the districts of Uttar Pradesh. It is presumed that the better infrastructure facility
including the small scale industries in the rural areas have checked the out-migration and
attracted in-migration. DMA towns of Haryana sub-region projected population in 2021 will be
15.67 million.
Rajasthan:- The growth of rural population in Alwar district is relatively constant but growth
of urban population depicts a different trend and it dip downed continuously. The projected
population of Rajasthan sub-region will be 4.31 million by the year 2021 [5.07 million in case of
Alwar district].

******* NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Aims and Objective of RP-2021:-

The objective of the Regional Plan -2001 notified in January 1989 were to realize a
balanced and harmonious development of the region, resulting in dispersal of economic
activities future in migrants to Delhi. In order to achieve these objectives the Regional Plan
proposed three policy zones, namely:- NCT, Delhi, DMA and the Rest of NCR. The broad policy
parameters for these zones and therefore the extent to which these have been met during the
last two decades are as under.
1, NCT, Delhi to have restricted growth and decentralization of activities concentrated therein.
As per Census 2011 the population of NCT, Delhi has grown to 167 lakh as against the projected
population of 179 lakh for 2011 which recorded 93% of the proposed population of Regional
Plan -2021.
2, The DMA,(now CNCR) includes the controlled/ development areas of the contiguous towns of
Ghaziabad-Loni and Noida in U.P., Faridabad–Ballabhgarh complex, Gurugram, Bahadurgarh
and Kundli in Haryana. The population projection for the CNCR towns was reached 51 lakh in
2011.
3, The Rest of NCR envisaged for induced development specially of the twelve metro and
regional centres were projected to have a population of 48.6 lakh by 2011 but the actual
population of these centres is 44.11 lakh which is 91% of the population proposed in the
Regional Plan – 2021.

Policies and Development Proposals in Regional Plan–2021:-

The broad objective of the Regional Plan -2021 “for promoting growth and balanced
development of the Region” is to be achieved by :-
RP-2021 for NCR has identified seven Metro centres (namely:- Faridabad, Ballabgarh,
Gurgaon - Manesar, Ghaziabad - Loni, NOIDA, Sonepat – Kundli, Greater NOIDA and Meerut)
and eleven Regional Centres (namely :- Bahadurgarh, Panipat, Rohtak, Palwal, Rewari –
Dharuhera – Bawal, Hapur – Pilkhua, Bulandshahr – Khurja, Baghpat – Baraut, Alwar, Greater
Bhiwadi, Shahjahanpur – Neemrana – Behror).
With the overall strategy to harness the growth impulse of Delhi and to integrate the urban
and rural functions in the region, the RP-2021 has proposed six – tier hierarchy of settlements
as under and also put forward their broad roles :-
1, Metro Centre :- with population of 10 lakhs and above.
2, Regional Centre :- with population range of 3 to 10 lakhs.
3, Sub – Regional Centre :- with population range of 0.5 to 3 lakhs.
4, Service Centre:- with population range of 10,000 to 50,000
5, Central Village:- with population range of 5,000 to 10,000
6, Basic Village:- with population range below 5,000
Regional Land use – 4 major land use zones and 3 sub-zones proposed.
1, Controlled/Development/Regulated Zone
[a] Urbanizable Area.]
[b] Agricultural (Rural) Zone within controlled/development/regulated areas.
[c] Green Buffers.
2, Highway Corridor Zone.
3, Natural Conservation Zone.
4, Agriculture (Rural) Zone outside controlled/development/regulated areas.
Keeping in view rapid urbanization, environmental degradation and to ensure orderly
development in the region, broad zoning regulations, i.e. major activities uses permitted in
the above zones have also been proposed.
Density norms proposed for Urban Centres are as follows.
Urban Centres Persons per hectares
Below 50,000 population ------------------------------- 60 to 80
50,000 to 1,00,000 population ------------------------- 80 to 100
1 lakh to 5 lakh population ---------------------------- 110 to 125
5 lakhs to 10 lakhs population ------------------------- 125 to 150
10 lakhs to 50 lakhs population ----------------------- 150 to 200
More than 50 lakhs population ----------------------- 200 to 250
To foster economic development in a planned manner, the following major policies have
been proposed.
1, Hi-tech industries to be encouraged in Delhi.
2, Wholesale markets in Delhi to meet local needs only.
3, New office spaces to be avoided in new community/district/sub-city centres.
4, Industrial Estates/Special economic zones to be developed outside Delhi in NCR.
5, Uniform taxation in NCR for free flow of goods & encourage development.
 With an objective to facilitate smooth traffic circulation in NCR, the following policies and
strategies have been proposed.
1, To decongest NCT-Delhi roads, rail and rail terminals by diverting the by passable traffic from
Delhi.
2, To provide linkages amongst Metro/Regional Urban settlements in the outlying areas of NCR.
3, To connect Metro/Regional Centres with the capital by an efficient and effective transport
network for facilitating faster movement of traffic among such centres and NCT-Delhi.
4, To link the Sub-Regional Centres with effective and efficient transport network for facilitating
the faster movement of traffic among such centres and higher order settlements.
5, To directly link other urban nodes having maximum attracting and generating characteristics.
6, To create the Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority for NCR.
It has been recognized and reaffirmed that the solution of the increasing transportation
problem lies in development of settlements outside NCT-Delhi and providing efficient
connectivity. Accordingly, it has been proposed to:-
1, Develop activities keeping in view rail and road linkages in Central NCR having better
accessibility and at the same time relieving pressure on the existing transport routes converging
at Delhi.
2, Un restricted movement of buses, taxis and auto-rickshaws within NCR.
3, Focus on certain inter-state issues.
4, Better integrated connectivity and accessibility in the region through development of
Peripheral Expressways and Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS).
Power, water, irrigation and sewerage system:-
1, Demand-supply gap by 2021 projected as 23,344 MW.
2, More focused policies proposed to fill demand supply gap.
3, Non-conventional energy resources to be promoted.
4, At least 2 – 5 % ground water rechargeable area identified in the plan to be protected.
5, Recycling and reuse of waste water for non-drinking purposes to be promoted.
6,Sewerage system to be introduced in phased manner in all the towns. Smaller towns rural
areas to be provided with Low Cost Sanitation initially.
7, At least 50% of the solid waste to be recycled. Solid Waste Management to be implemented
in rural areas through Local Panchayats.
8, Integrated Regional Drainage Plan to be prepared and implemented to avoid flooding in
urban areas.
9, Integrated Water Resource Management approach to be adopted for optimum water
resource utilization and demand management.
Adopting a joint approach with active co operation among DDA, GNCT-Delhi, Central
Government Organizations and Development Authorities in NCR. Towns for promoting
housing for EWS and promoting work-cum-shelter concept for providing housing.
1, Housing stock to be increased through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
2, Reforms for easier acquisition of land.
Encouragement of private participation in social infrastructure provision.
1, Provision for good quality education, medical facilities outside Delhi in NCR.
2, Private and government institutions to be encouraged to line up their branches in NCR
towns.
3, Alternative systems of medicines to be encouraged.
To facilitate accelerated rural development, it has been proposed that Service Centres and
Central Villages be identified based on their growth potential and capability of performing
central functions for basic villages and incorporate their development proposals in the sub-
regional/district plans. It has further been proposed to provide urban amenities in rural areas
and to promote cultivation of non-conventional crops.
Identification of important heritage and tourism sites in the land use plan by the States and
protection of these sites through Development Control Regulations.
With respect to disaster management, it has been proposed that Prevention-cum-
Preparedness Plan and Post-Disaster Management Plan on disaster be integral part of sub-
regional plans. It has also been proposed that necessary amendments in Acts and Rules,
Building Bye-laws etc to be made to implement safety aspects relating to natural and man-
made hazards.
Data base for air quality, water quality, noise pollution and land pollution to be developed.
COUNTER MAGNET AREAS:-
1, Up gradation of physical and social infrastructure.
2, Strengthening of Regional linkage.
3, Strengthening of economic base.
Development strategies, management structure and resource mobilization:-
1, Plan of action for implementation of policies and proposals prepared along with its phasing
and dovetailing the costs with five year plans.
2, Agencies to implement the policies and proposals of Regional Plan-2021 identified in the
Plan.
3, Strengthening of NCR Planning Board proposed to expedite the implementation, efficient
coordination and creation of appropriate data base and its regular updations.
4, Public Private Partnership proposed to be promoted.
5, Development of NCR through four policy zones namely:- 1, NCT, Delhi 2, Central National
Capital Region (CNCR) 3, Highway corridor zone and 4, Rest of NCR.

Development proposal for Counter Magnet Area:-

The NCR Planning board to select any area outside the NCR having reference to its
location, population and potential for growth as a ‘Counter Magnet Area’ in consultation with
the state government concerned with a view to achieving the objectives of the regional plan, at
the present the NCR planning board has identified the subsequent nine counter magnet areas
to NCR. Hissar and Ambala in Haryana, Bareilly and Kanpur in U.P., Kota and Jaipur in
Rajasthan, Patiala in Punjab, Gwaliar in M.P., Dehradun in Uttrakhand.
The concerned state governments shall notify their respective counter magnet areas
proposed to be developed in and around these towns and prepare development plan and plan
of action for its implementation.
****** COUNTER MAGNET AREAS
 So as to form the counter magnet area capable to undertake their assigned roles
more effectively, their future development proposed to hide the subsequent aspects.
**** Strengthening economic base of function, regional linkages and up gradation of physical
and social infrastructure:-
So as to support and sustain the economic infrastructure suggested in the counter
magnet areas, physical and social infrastructure of a really high order must be provided in these
areas that the concerned development authorities and therefore the state government will
have to prepare joint projects specialized social, cultural and institutional activities like
universities and centre of higher education i.e. professional colleges could be established as
well as encourage development of tourist destinations also counter magnet area may develop
as Model Industrial Estate or Technology parks or SEZ for attracting economic investments
therein.

Issues and Challenges:-

1, The complexity of the region thanks to its vastness and spatial expanse over three states and
NCT, Delhi may be a challenge for integrated development.
2, Urbanization level of NCR are expected to succeed in 73% by 2021 as per NCRPB’s estimates.
Providing planned urban spaces and adequate physical and social infrastructure is a major
challenge.
3, Entire NCR region falls in seismic zone IV as per map of Indian Standard IS 1983.Seven
earthquakes of Richter magnitude 5.5 to 6.8 are known to possess occurred in NCR and its
surrounding areas since 1720 A.D Two major lineament, namely Delhi-Hardwar ridge and
Delhi-Moradabad fault, pass through the territory, both having potential of generating
earthquakes of magnitude up to 6.5 to 6.7
4, NCR is endowed with ecologically sensitive areas like Aravalli ridge, forests, wildlife/bird
sanctuaries, rivers, lakes, ponds which face constant threat of encroachment by
urban/construction activities.
5, Water is an important component in every aspect of life. NCR is a water scarce region. Main
source of water supply in the region are surface and ground water [e.g. rivers, canals, tube
wells, hand pumps and open wells, ground water resources are depleting fast in most areas and
water is additionally brackish.

Study of policy zones of NCR:-

The Regional Plan -2021 has proposed the event of NCR through four policy zones, namely:- 1,
NCT, Delhi 2, Central National Capital Region (CNCR) 3, Highway corridor zone and 4, Rest of
NCR.
1, NCT, Delhi:- NCT, Delhi area is 1483 sq. km. with reference to NCT, Delhi, the demographic
evolution is deeply marked by the country’s turbulent history, in 1911, the capital was shifted
to Delhi from Kolkata. Thereafter, the population of the city had increased from 4,13,851 in
1911 to 17,44,072 in 1951. The post independence scenario witnessed massive forced
migration from Pakistan. Hence, the decade 1941-51 recorded the foremost rapid increase
within the history of the national capital with an increase of 8 lakh population and a growth
rate of 90%.
2, Central National Capital Region (CNCR) :- Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA) renamed as Central
National Capital Region (CNCR), renaming done keeping in view the implication of 74 th
Constitutional Amendment.The DMA towns/cities (now CNCR) namely Ghaziabad, NOIDA[U.P],
Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh-kundli have their own characteristics in terms of the
expansion and development and are close proximity and accessibility to NCT, Delhi.
*** Gurgaon:- Availability of abundant skilled/trained man power, on the brink of International
Airport, Metro Rail will come up in the Gurgaon periphery, Hub of IT/BPO industries thereby
making the city center for employment generation, Good law and order system.
*** NOIDA:- Good connectivity with Delhi from several entry points, adequate infrastructure,
Metro rail project is coming up, highly skilled manpower available, adequate medical facilities,
important entertainment and recreational centers, development of software technology park,
most preferred IT and ITES destination with global companies, special economic zone is being
created.
*** Ghaziabad:- Better connectivity with NOIDA and greater NOIDA, presence of key industries
in govt. and private sectors which are being catered by allied industries thus creating
employment opportunities, becoming fast growing to the eastern Delhi thus creating an
environment of out migration from Delhi and New Delhi, availability of land & property at more
competitive and cheap price as compare to Delhi, presence of vocational, engineering, medical
and management colleges and institutions in large scale, a preferred residential alternative for
all income groups people, it has higher potential for new real estate development.
*** Bahadurgarh:- very close to Delhi, public transport is easily available up to main bus stand,
Metro train will make life easy and smooth, abundant unskilled man power, curbing migration
close to Delhi, setting up of industry in the town, cheapest land value as compare to other NCR
towns.
*** Faridabad:- on the brink of Delhi, lot of engineering institutions, small and medium scale of
industries are in big numbers, subsidies are being given by the govt. to boost industrial
development, blue collar workers are in abundant and catering the state industries to boost
production, rail network for transport of finished and semi finished goods are in abundant,
attraction of MNC and global market hub.
3, Highway corridor zones [HCZ]:- It is a new zone proposed for RP-2021 to promote planned
development along highways as these routes are under heavy pressure of development. The
target of this zone is to acknowledge the economic need of growth along highways and
promote planned development along such roads. Accordingly, it is recommended that all
National and State highways, located in the NCR beyond the urbanizable area of the Master
Plan/ Development Plan of various settlements be designated as Highway Corridor Zone where
depending upon economic pressure and local situations, economic and residential activities
may be permitted in a planned manner. It implies that the portion of the highways falling within
urbanizable limits of a settlement shall not come under this zone and will be treated as part of
its development area.
4, Rest of NCR:- The basic policy of this Rest of the NCR Zones is recommended to be
accelerated development of both urban and rural areas. This development could be natural or
induced in existing settlements or new towns.

National Capital Region Planning Board:-

The economic potential of the region are often leveraged through a number of
economic drivers- commercial, industrial and services-in the region, also because the
availability of qualified, educated, skilled and mobile populations. However, the NCRPB while
promoting regional economic development has got to uphold the federal identity of the
constituent states. The benefits of development arising from the rapid urbanization in NCT,
Delhi and therefore the Central National Capital Region (CNCR) metros haven’t spread evenly to
the other parts of the region. While the development of Gurugram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad and
NOIDA has been extremely visible in the cities’ infrastructure status in provision of both
physical and social heads has not kept continuity with the rapidly rising demand for civic
services. The benefits of growth, measured in terms of provision and access to basic
infrastructure, are distributed unevenly, thereby creating environmental stresses. In order to
successfully plan for NCR, which is one among the most important metropolitan regions within
the world -? NCRPB needs to focus on achievable targets, to make sure its policies are effective
and driven by consensus and commitment of all its stakeholders.

Conclusions:-

In order to make NCR Plan implementation more effective, the participating

states need to adopt a proactive approach in dealing with the development/ planning issues
which are mutually beneficial to them. The NCR Planning Board has established the directions
for future developments; however, the respective State Governments are expected to sort out
developmental problems, whether they are related to transportation, water supply, power
supply or co-ordination amongst them so that the objectives of NCR Plan are achieved to a
greater extent. A key component of the RP -2021 needs to be its linked with the JnNURM,
AMRUT, Smart city mission, HRIDAY and Swachh Bharat mission that could play a crucial role in
achieving the balanced urban growth in NCR. In brief all those Central Government schemes
offers a key instrumentality that can enable the NCRPB to leverage its position in attaining its
main objective of sustainable development of NCR in a regional context.

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