MAPUA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

UNIVERSAL TESTING SYSTEM

Lace, Alexis Joshua Q. Date Performed: February 27, 2022

ME136P-2/E01 Date Submitted: March 2, 2022

2019100679

Ms. Jennifer Valdez

INSTRUCTOR
GRADE
ABSTRACT
For this experiment, it will tackle the uses and parts of a Universal testing machine

(UTM) which is made up of three crossheads: top, middle, and the bottom is responsible for the

actual loading of the specimen. With the right crossheads and attachments, you can apply tensile,

compressive, shear, and bending loads. Universal Testing Machines are also known as tensile

testers, pull testers, and materials testing systems (UTMs). UTMs are employed in almost every

manufacturing scenario and are at the center of material research. The global market for these

types of equipment is worth $500 million per year and includes devices, accessories, software,

and services (MRO). This article delves into the history of universal testing machines, how they

work, and how to select the best testing system for your ASTM technique or application.

AIM
The objective of this research is to identify the different components of a universal testing

machine.

INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND
This section handles the actual loading of the specimen and is made up of three

crossheads: top, middle, and lower. Tensile, compressive, shear and bending loads can be

imparted using appropriate crossheads and various attachments. Tensile testers pull testers, and

materials testing systems are all terms used to describe Universal Testing Machines (UTMs).

UTMs are at the heart of material research, and they're used in practically every manufacturing

setting. Devices, accessories, software, and services make up a $500 million yearly global

market for these types of machines (MRO). This article will go over the history of universal

testing machines, how they work, and how to choose the correct testing system for your ASTM

technique or application in detail.

METHODS
A revolving ball screw is used in today's Universal Testing Machines to push a load-

bearing crosshead up and down. The crosshead motion is created by an electric motor driving a

sequence of pulleys and gears that revolve around the screw. An astable oscillator circuit

controls the motion of the electric motor using pulse width modulation (PWM). Tensile tests are

designed to be relatively durable, therefore they have a limited number of failure scenarios. As a

result, universal testing machines require less maintenance and are simple to repair in the event

of a malfunction. Aside from the machine, the entire system requires a few additional

components. During the test, a load cell is utilized to measure the force. The location of the

crosshead is measured using a position sensor, most often an encoder. The position data channel

is used to control most machines, and they move at a software-controlled rate based on the

ASTM test or equivalent technique.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The main components of a universal testing machine are:

Tension Crosshead / Upper Crosshead - One end of the test specimen is clamped by the upper
crosshead. The adjustable crosshead in the load frame is the lower crosshead, whose screws can
be loosened and tightened for height adjustment. A tapered slit runs through the center of both
crossheads. The tensile test specimen is gripped and held in this slot by a pair of racking jaws.

Adjustable Crosshead - The bottom grip, two conical fastening tools with internal thread, and an
adjustable conical ring are all combined. The adjustable crosshead is stabilized by the conical
fastener tools as it moves along the driving screws. The load cell utilized is a Load Cell
Corporation LCC-HTC-50 dual stud cell. Cell Central Co. [19], which can endure a maximum of
220 N.a load with a 1.2345 mV/V sensitivity

Compression Space - This is where the specimen will be compressed, and the load will be
indicated.

Table - to set up the specimen for compression testing

Uses of Universal Testing Machine

 Rope
 Steel Rope
 Winches
 Steel Wire
 Electrical Wire
 Webbing
 Spring
 Slings
 Cable
 Nylon Rope
 Links
 Chain
 Steel Chain
CONCLUSION

This experiment explained and showed the different parts of a Universal Testing Machine
(UTM). For the conclusion of this experiment, the researcher accomplished the following objects
that were given at the start of the paper. Since the UTM is a universal tester, also known as a
materials testing machine or materials test frame, is a machine that is used to evaluate the tensile
and compressive strength of materials. A tensometer is an older name for a tensile testing
machine. The name's "universal" part refers to its ability to perform a wide range of standard
tensile and compression tests on materials, components, and structures (in other words, that it is
versatile).