1.1.

5 Die Assembly
Figure 1.5 is a pictorial view of the entire
die as shown in Figure 1.2. The die
pierces two holes at the first station, and
then the part is blanked out at the
second station.
The material from which the blanks are
removed is a cold-rolled steel strip. Cold-
rolled steel is a smooth, medium-hard
steel, and it gets its name from the
process by which it is produced. It is
rolled, cold, between rollers under high
pressure to provide a smooth surface.
The strip A is shown entering the die at
the right.
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Blanking punches range from tiny components for producing watch and instrument parts
to large, multi-unit members for blanking such parts as automobile fenders, doors, and
tops. The size of the blank to be produced determines the type of punch to use. Design
considerations include:
• Stability, to prevent deflection. ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

• Adequate screws, to overcome stripping load. (‫ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ )ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬strip ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﭘﯿﭻ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ ﺗﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺮوی‬
• Good doweling practice, for accurate location. ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮی آن دﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

• Sectioning, if required, for proper heat treatment. ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﮐﺎری و ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ آﺳﺎن‬
Illustrations that follow show numerous methods of applying blanking punches to small,
medium, and large cutting dies. Several considerations are covered, such as keying the
punch in order to keep it from turning, use of inserts for ease and economy of
replacement, use of sectioning to facilitate heat-treating and minimize distortion, use of
shedders to prevent clinging of blanks to punch faces, and proper proportions of and
construction of blanking punches. These methods further explain Step 3 in Chapter 5—
Fourteen Steps to Design a Die.
 ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﭘﯿﭻ ‪ M10‬ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮد و ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ‬

‫‪Blanking Punches‬‬
‫مقاوم در مقابل خمش ‪ ،‬سایش ‪،‬‬
‫ضربه‬
‫جنس‪ :‬فوالد ابزار )‪(T.S.‬‬
‫بکارگیری پیچ به اندازه کافی برای‬
‫غلبه بر نیرو های جداکننده‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ‪Blank‬‬
‫در سنبه های کوچک مقاومت در‬
‫مقابل کمانش‬
‫ﻧﯿﺮو ﺑﺮﺷﯽ وارد ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬

‫‪clearance‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ اﺿﺎﻓﯽ)ﯾﮏ رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﻧﭻ و ﯾﮏ رﻓﺖ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮد ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬
‫زودﺗﺮ از ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻓﺮﺳﻮده ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‬

‫ﻧﯿﺮو ﺑﺮﺷﯽ وارد ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ = ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ* ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورق *اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم ﺑﺮﺷﯽ ورق‬
‫‪Small Blanking Punch‬‬
‫در سنبه های کوچک ‪A>>B‬‬
‫برای جلو گیری از کمانش طول موثر‬
‫کاهش می ید‬
‫با راکورد ‪ C‬طول موثر سنبه کاهش‬
‫می یابد‬
‫برای اتصال سنبه از صفحه سنبه گیر‬
‫استفاده می شود‬
‫سنبه های بزرگ مستقیما به کفشک پیچ می شوند و نیازی به‬
‫صفحه سنبه گیر نیست‬
8.2 APPLYING BLANKING
PUNCHES
8.2.1 Small Blanking Punches
Figure 8.1 shows the method of applying a
blanking punch for small instrument washers.
Body diameter A is made considerably larger
than blanking diameter B; radius C provides
supporting material to give rigidity and prevent
deflection of the punch upon contact with the
material strip. Section view a shows the punch,
punch plate, and punch holder as they would
appear in the lower left section view of the complete
die drawing. Plan view b shows the same
components inverted as they would appear in the
upper right view of the complete die drawing.
Methods of applying slightly larger blanking
punches for producing circular parts are shown
in Figure 8.2. These blanking punches are made
in much the same manner as piercing punches.
Rules for designing piercing punches will be
given in the next chapter.
a) Keying the Punch
Small blanking punches having a cutting end
of irregular contour can be kept from turning by
a round-end key (Figure 8.3). This key is retained
in an end-milled slot that is machined in the
punch plate; it bears against a flat ground in the
punch head. Common applications of this construction
are small blanking punches for producing
clock, watch, and instrument gears.

‫ﺧﺎر‬
‫ زﻧﯽ ﻫﺎی ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎی وارده ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭼﺮﺧﯿﺪن ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‬blank ‫در‬
b) An Alternate Method
Figure 8.4 shows another method of keeping
small, irregular blanking punches from turning
by machining the body to be square or rectangular
in shape. The retainer hole is machined to fit
the square or rectangular punch body.
c) Inserts
Weak areas of small blanking punches are best
applied as inserts (Figure 8.5) for easy and inexpensive
replacement of members, in case of breakage.
When inserts are used, the blanking punch
assembly is backed up by a hardened plate.

‫اﮔﺮ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ را ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﯿﮑﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺮای اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ آن راﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از ﻟﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﻢ در ﮐﻔﺸﮏ ﻫﺎ‬tool steel ‫ﯾﮏ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬
8.2.2 Medium-Size Blanking Punches

The sides of narrow-and-long blanking punches

(Figure 8.6) are provided with a radius A. By

providing extra supporting material for stability,

this radius helps prevent deflection of the cutting

end upon contact with the material strip.

‫ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬A ‫ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از ﮐﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﺷﻌﺎع راﮐﻮرد‬

a) Flanged Punches
The flanged type of blanking punch (Figure 8.7)
is the most widely used because it is employed to
produce average-size blanks. As in Figure 8.6,
flanges are provided for fastening the blanking
punch to the punch holder with screws and dowels.
Only the cutting end of the blanking punch is
hardened; the flanges are soft for accurate fitting
of dowels at assembly. Foolproof the punch by offsetting
one of the dowels to assure correct
reassembly in die maintenance.
Clearing other components. When space is limited,
a portion of the flange (Figure 8.8) can be
removed to provide room for other die components.
For good stability, flange width A should
not be smaller than punch height B.
‫ﻃﺮاح ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﻓﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﺪ‬
b) Proportions
Proportions often used for medium-size blanking
punches (Figure 8.9) are as follows: a typical ‫ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬blanking ‫ ﮐﺮدن ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺳﻮراﺧﮑﺎری در ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬press fit ‫اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ دارد اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬
punch length A is 1 5/8 inch (41.2 mm); flange ‫ درون ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬machine steel ‫ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻮش از ﺟﻨﺲ‬tool steel ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﭼﻮن ﻫﺮ دو از ﺟﻨﺲ‬
height B, 5/8 inch (15.9 mm). However, when the ‫ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬press fit ‫ ﺟﺎ زده و ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺳﻮراخ ﮐﺎری را درون ﺑﻮش‬blanking
flange is employed to retain a small piercing
punch, height B should not be less than 1 1/2
times the piercing punch diameter C for stability.

‫ )ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ( و ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮای ﺳﻮراﺧﮑﺎری )ﺳﻤﺖ‬blanking ‫اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮای‬

‫راﺳﺖ( اﺳﺖ‬
‫ از‬B ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬،‫اﮔﺮ ﺳﻮراﺧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻫﯿﻢ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬C ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺳﻮراﺧﮑﺎری‬1.5

B > 1.5C
8.2.3 Large Blanking Punches
Larger blanking punches do not require
flanges. They can be fastened to the punch holder
with screws and dowels applied from the back
(Figure 8.10). Dowel holes are shown all the way
through the punch, either full size or as a smaller
hole, to enable pressing out the dowels during
die maintenance.

‫اﮔﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﻢ ﻧﯿﺎزی ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﭘﯿﻦ و ﭘﯿﭻ ﻫﺎ را درون آن ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ وﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﻮراخ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ را راه ﺑﻪ در ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻮا درون ﺳﻮراخ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻧﺸﺪه و ﭘﯿﻦ را ﭘﺲ ﻧﺰﻧﺪ‬
a) Sectioning Large Punches
Still larger blanking punches can be made in
sections (Figure 8.11) to facilitate heat-treating
and minimize distortion. Each section is individually
screwed and doweled to the punch holder of
the die set.
b) Cutting Ring
Blanking punches for large circular blanks
(Figure 8.12) can be made in two parts to conserve
tool steel and simplify heat treating.
Cutting ring A is located by a round boss which
is part of spacer B. This spacer, in turn, is fitted
into a recess machined in the punch holder of the
die set. With this construction, dowels are not
necessary for positioning the punch.

‫ ﻣﯿﺴﺎزﯾﻢ و ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ارزان ﺗﺮ ﭘﯿﭻ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬tool steel ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮش را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬
!‫ ﮐﯿﻠﻮ( اﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ را از ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺴﺎزﯾﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻪ زﯾﺎد ﻓﺮﻗﯽ ﻧﻤﯿﮑﻨﺪ‬50 ‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ اﮔﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮس ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﮐﺮده اﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ اﺳﺖ )وزن زﯾﺮ‬
c) Cutting Tool Steel Pads
The construction method illustrated in
Figure 8.12 can also be used for blanks with irregular
contours (Figure 8.13). Spacer A is machined
to accommodate hardened tool steel pads B and
C. Long socket screws threaded into the tool steel
pads fasten both the pads and the machine steel
spacer to the punch holder. Dowels accurately
locate the entire assembly.
d) Spacer
Still another method of conserving tool steel
in large dies is to make the cutting member A in
one piece, but relatively thin, then back it up
with a machine steel spacer B (Figure 8.14). The
assembly is fastened to the punch holder, as in
Figure 8.13, and dowels locate the blanking
punch in much the same manner.

‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬T.S ‫راه دﯾﮕﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘﺮﯾﺎل ﻣﺮﻏﻮب اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ را از دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺴﺎزﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ ﻧﺎزک آن ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮش را اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬

‫ ﺑﺮ روی ورق ﻣﺎرک ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‬،‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎی ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روی ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻗﺮار دارد‬
8.3 BLANKING PUNCHES
WITH BEVEL-CUT EDGES
a) Angular Shear
Shear is the machining punch face set so that
the cutting edge will be presented at an angle to
the surface of the material to be cut. For cutting
large openings in blanks, shear is applied to the
face of the punch (Figure 8.15) to reduce shock on
the press, force required, and blanking noise.
Properly applied, shear reduces by one-quarter
the force required to blank metals thicker than
‫ﺷﯿﺒﺪار ﮐﺮدن ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﺮوی ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮش‬
1/4 inch (6.35 mm). When thinner stock is blanked,
the reduction in force is as large as one-third.
Figure 8.15 shows the most common method of
shearing with the face of a large punch. Shear
depth A is made two-thirds the thickness of the
material. Radius B removes the sharp corner to
avoid a focal point for stock fracture.
b) Alternate Method
Figure 8.16 shows an alternate punch configuration
for applying shear. This is a better method of
providing angular shear to a punch. The material is
securely gripped at the corners between the punch
and die members, and is gradually cut toward the
center. Shear is usually applied for openings larger
than 5-by-5 inches (127-by-127 mm), and over 1/16
inch (1.6 mm) thick.
c) Round Punch
Round punches can provide a shearing action
by scalloping the face of the punch in a series of
waves around the periphery (Figure 8.17). A hole
is first drilled through the center to provide relief
for the cutting tool, which applies the scalloping.
Here again, shear depth should not exceed twothirds
the thickness of the stock.
8.4 SHEDDERS
،‫ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از ﺳﻮراخ ﺑﺰرگ زدن در ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬
Blanks produced from oiled stock tend to cling
‫ﺳﺖ اﺳﮑﺮو درون ﮐﻔﺸﮏ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
to the face of the blanking punch. Spring-loaded
shedder pins, applied to one side of the punch,
will break the adhesion and free the blank from
the punch face to prevent double blanking
(Figure 8.18).
Three methods of applying shedder pins are
available. At illustration 1, the shedder pin for a
small blanking punch is made short, headed, and
backed up by a spring and socket set screw. The
pin is made from drill rod, hardened, and polished.
A clearance hole is provided in the punch holder :‫( ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬Shedders) ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﺑﯿﺮون اﻧﺪاز ﯾﺎ ﭘﺮان‬
‫ﺳﺖ اﺳﮑﺮو درون ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻗﺮار دارد‬
for removal of the assembly for punch sharpening. ‫ ﺳﺖ اﺳﮑﺮو‬- ‫ ﻓﻨﺮ‬- ‫ﭘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ روﻏﻨﯽ ﺑﻮدن ورق ﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﻼء ﺑﯿﻦ ورق و ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬
In another method, the shedder can be made
‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ورق ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺑﭽﺴﺒﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬
long, as at illustration 2. Its head bears against
the top of the blanking punch, and it is similarly ‫ﺑﺮش ﺧﻮرده را ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺮون ﭘﺮت ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ‬

backed up by a spring and socket set screw.

A Vlier shedder is illustrated at illustration 3.
This device is available from Vlier Engineering Co.
Aself-contained assembly, the shedder consists of a
threaded housing containing a shouldered shedder
pin and back-up spring. The assembly is inserted
in a hole tapped through the blanking punch and is
backed up by a socket set screw. Screwdriver slot D
‫ ﺧﻮد ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬shedder ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم‬
is used to remove it for punch sharpening.