Chapter 3

Different Types of Estimates

 Different Types of Estimates

1. Preliminary Estimate or Approximate

2. Detailed Estimate
3. Revised Estimate
4. Supplementary Estimate
5. Annual Maintenance Or Repair Estimate
6. Extension and Improvement of Estimates
7. Complete Estimate
 1.Preliminary Estimate or Approximate
• This is an estimate to find out an approximate cost
in a short period of time
• The authority concerned to consider the financial
aspects of the scheme, for according sanction.
• Approximate estimate is calculate from a similar
construction already complete in the nearby area
• Preliminary estimate is required for studies of
various aspects of work
• For commercial projects, whether the net income
earned justifies the amount invested or not.
• The approximate estimate is prepared from the
practical knowledge and cost of similar works.
• A percentage 5 to 10% is allowed for contingencies.
 Methods used for preparation of
approximate estimates
A) Unit base method.
• According to this method the cost of structure is
determined by multiplying the total number of
units with unit rate of each item.
• In case schools and colleges, the unit considered
to be as 'one student' and in case of hospital, the
unit is 'one bed'. the unit rate is calculated by
dividing the actual expenditure incurred or cost
of similar building in the nearby locality by the
number of units.
 Methods used cont…
B) Plinth area method
• The cost of construction is determined by multiplying plinth
area with plinth area rate. The area is obtained by
multiplying length and breadth (outer dimensions of
building).
• In fixing the plinth area rate, careful observation and
necessary enquiries are made in respect of quality and
quantity
• Aspect of materials and labour, type of foundation, height
of building, roof, wood work, fixtures, number of storey's
etc.
• P/A=carpet area + area of wall+ circular area + area of
Kitchen and Bathroom
 Methods used cont…
C) Cubical Contents Method:
• This method is generally used for multistoried buildings.
• It is more accurate that the other two methods viz., plinth
area method and unit base method.
• The cost of a structure is calculated approximately as the
total cubical contents (Volume of buildings) multiplied by
Local Cubic Rate.
• The volume of building is obtained by Length x breadth x
depth or height. The length and breadth are measured out
to out of walls excluding the plinth off set.
• The cost of building= volume of buildings x rate/ unit
volume.
 Methods used cont…
D) Approximate Quantity Method:
• Quantities are worked out in linear
measurement,
• Foundation work (excavation, wall, concrete,
brick work) up to Plinth computed as per
running length
 Example:1
Prepare an approximate estimate of building project
with total plinth area of all building is 800 sqm. and
from following given data.
i) Plinth area rate Rs. 6000 per sqm
ii) Cost of water supply @7%of cost of building.
iii) Cost of Sanitary and Electrical installations @ 10%
of cost of building.
iv) Cost of architectural features @1% of building cost.
v) Cost of roads and lawns @5% of building cost.
vi) Cost of Supervision and contingencies @4% of
building cost. Determine the total cost of building
project.
 Example 1
Soln:
• Given plinth area =800m2 and plinth area
rate=6000 per m2
• Building cost=800*6000=4,800,000
Cost of w/s and sanitation=7.5%
Preliminary estimation of building project =
 Example:2
Prepare a preliminary estimate of a four storied office building having
total carpet area of 1500.sq.m for obtaining the administrative
approval of the government, given the following data.
i) 40% of the built up area will be taken up by corridors, verandah,
lavatories, staircase etc.
ii) Plinth area rate is Rs. 20,000/- per Esq. Extra for special
architectural treatment 0.5% of building cost.
iii) Extra due to deeper foundation at site 1% of building cost.
iv) Extra for water supply and sanitary installation 8% of building cost.
v) Extra for internal electrical installation 12.5% of building cost.
Vi) Extra for other services 5% of building cost.
Vii)Contingencies - 2.5%
 Example 2 solution
Given ;
total Carpet area=1500sqm
40% of the built up area will be taken up by
corridors, verandah, lavatories, staircase etc.
Let, X=Plinth area of the building
We have , P/A=carpet area + area of wall+ circular
area + area of Kitchen and Bathroom
So, X =40%of X+1500sqm
X=0.4X+1500
X=(1500/0.6)sqm= qm= plinth area
 Example:3
Prepare the rough estimate for a proposed commercial
complex for a municipal
Corporation for the following data.
• Plinth Area = 500m2/floor
• Ht of each storey = 3.5m
• No. of storey’s = G+2,
• Cubical content rate = Rs. 1500/m3
• Provided for a following as a percentage of structured cost
a) Water supply & Sanitary arrangement -15%
b) Contractors profit - 10%
c) supervision & contingencies - 3%
Given, PA=500m2, Cubical contain rate=1500m3
No of story= G+2=3
Building height=3.5m
Building cost=building volume X cubical rate
=(500x3x3.5)X1500=7,875,000.0
Now extra cost,
i)W/S=15%of building cost=15%7,875,000=1,181,250.0
ii)Contractor profit=10% of building cost=787,500.0
Total building cost=building cost(civil)+W/s+Con. Profit
=7,875,000.0+1,181,250.0+787,500.0
=9,843,750.0
Petty supervision & contingencies = 3% of total building cost
=3% X 9,843,750.0
Rough estimate for a proposed commercial complex for a municipal
=9,843,750.0+295,312.5= 10,139,062.50
 Example:4
• Prepare the preliminary estimate for
administrative approval of a four storied building
having carpet area of 1 floor 250 sqm and floor
height 2.8m each. The area required for
circulation and wall is 32% of total area.
• If the cubic rate of the building for civil works
assumed to be Nrs: 8000 per cubic meter. The
masonry provision of electrification, water supply
and sanitation works is 20% of civil work.
contingencies – 2.5%
Given,
four storied building having carpet area of 250 sqm and floor height 2.8m each. The area
required for circulation and wall is 32% of total area
cubic rate of the building for civil works assumed to be Nrs: 8000 per cubic meter
The masonry provision of electrification, water supply and sanitation works is 20% of civil
work. contingencies – 2.5%
Now,
total plinth =X
X=250+32%of X
X=367.64m2
We know volume of building=Plinth area X building
height=367.64*(4*2.8)cum=4117.64m3

Building Civil cost = 32,941,176.47

Mansonary provision and Electric, W/s sanitary =20% of civil cost 6,588,235.29

Now total Building Cost = 39,529,411.76

Contingencies= 988,235.29
Now , Rough estimate of the four story Building = 40,517,647.06
 2. Detailed Estimate:
• Most accurate estimate of any work
• Quantities of all items of work are calculated
from their respective dimensions on the drawings
on a measurement sheet.
• Abstract of cost is prepared by multiplying the
quantities of item by their rate.
• A detail estimate is accompanied by-
– Report
– Specifications.
– Detailed drawings showing plans and sections.
– Design data and calculations.
– Basis of rates adopted in the estimate.
Preparation of Detail Estimate:
– Details of measurement and calculation of
quantities
– Abstract of estimate cost
– Rate analysis (Material rate and labour rate)
Details of measurement and calculation of quantities
Item no Description/Particulars no L B H/D quantity unit remark

Abstract of estimate cost

Item no Description/Particulars quantity unit Rate Amount Remark
 3. Revised Estimate:
• A revise estimate is the detail estimate or list of quantities
and rates of items of works originally provided in the
estimate without material deviations of a structural nature
from originally approved for a project
• It is required under any one of the following circumstances
– When the original approve estimate is exceed or likely exceed
by more than 5% either by in sufficient rate or any cause
– Even though the cost maybe made from the approve amount ,
there is material deviation from the initial detail estimate
– When the expenditure on the work exceed or likely exceed the
amount of administrative approve by more than 10% (for work
more than 5 lakhs)
• Also submit variation report.
 4. Supplementary Estimate:
• While a work in progress, some changes or
additional works due to material deviation for
a structural nature from the design originally
approved may be thought necessary for
development of a project.
• Detail estimate of additional work in addition
to original estimate.
• It is required to get approval from the
concerned authority.
 5. Annual Maintenance Or Repair
Estimate
• After completion of a work it is necessary to
maintain the same for its proper function
• The same and estimate is prepared for the
items which required renewal, replacement
and repairs.
• Example:- White washing, Color washing,
Painting of doors and windows etc
 6. Extension and Improvement of
Estimates
• When some change and extension are
required to made the old work the cost of
which cannot be made out in Annual
Maintenance Or Repair Estimate
 7. Complete estimate:
• Consist cost of all items including land cost to
supervision cost
(Consultant cost: Surveying, design , Drawing,
Estimation, tender document)
 Split up of cost of building work:
General break-up of conventional buildings :
1. Labour component : 30 to 35% of total cost
2. Material component: 65 to 70% of total cost
Stagewise break-up of conventional buildings :
1. Foundation and beams upto plinth level : 10 to 15% of total cost
2. Construction above plinth level : 85 to 90% of total cost
Activitywise break-up of conventional buildings :
Foundation work : 17-18%
Brickwork/blockwork : 20%
Concreting and reinforcement steel : 15%
Doors,windows and ventilators : 12%
Roof water proofing and finishing with tiles: 5%
Plastering : 5-6%
Flooring : 5%
Painting : 2-3%
Water supply,electrification,sanitary works : 12-13%
Other works : 4-5%
This may vary slightly depending on the type of finishes/doors and
windows/sanitary fittings etc.
According to Materials:
Cost of Brick 22 to 25% Cost of steel bars 10 to 12%

Cost of Cement 12 to 15% Cost of timber 10 to 12%

if Any question?????