Saputalo Jaharah G.

Bsed Social Studies ll

Module 2

Mesopotamia, the Cradle of History

Pretest

1. Sumerians 11. Upper class

2. Mesopotamia 12. The common class
3. Akkad 13. Bottom
4. Assyria 14. polytheism
5. Sumer 15. Sumerian people
6. Euphrates 16. Cuneiform
7. Tigris 17. Retribution
8. Sumerian civilization 18. Iron age
9. King Sargon of Akkad 19. The Great Library of Alexandria
10. Ziggurat 20. Assyria

Learning activity

Name brief description (who is he? What made him known in the world
history?

King Sargon of Akkad

 Sargon of Akkad, commonly known as Sargon the Great, was the first monarch of the Akkadian
Empire and is best remembered for conquering Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries
BC. He is frequently credited with being the first person in recorded history to preside over an empire.
Sargon, commonly known as Sargon of Akkad, was an ancient Mesopotamian prince who reigned
from around 2334 to 2279 BCE and was one of the world's first great empire builders, conquering all
of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam.

Sumuabum

 Sumu-abum was an Amorite and the first King of Babylon's First Dynasty. He ruled from 1830 to
1817 BC or from 1897 to 1883 BC. He liberated a tiny region of land previously governed by the
Amorite city state of Kazallu, which included Babylon, which was then a minor administrative center
in southern Mesopotamia. Sumu-abum was an Amorite tribal and military chieftain who led bands of
Amorite warriors between the years of ca. 1890 and 1860 BCE. He conquered significant portions of
northern Babylonia and the Lower Diyala region. Following these victories, his followers established
a slew of petty Amorite kingdoms.
 Hammurabi

 Hammurabi was the sixth monarch of the Amorite tribe's first Babylonian dynasty, ruling from c.
From 1792 BC until c. It was 1750 BC. His father, Sin-Muballit, died before him, having abdicated
owing to poor health. During his rule, he conquered Elam as well as the city-states of Larsa,
Eshnunna, and Mari. The Amorite monarch, Hammurabi (unknown–1750 B.C.), anointed king of
Babylon around 1792 B.C., was both an enthusiastic warrior and a clever administrator who respected
the traditions of Sumer, Akkad, and other regions he ruled over. He could be cruel to his adversaries,
demolishing cities that dared to oppose him.

Henry Rawlinson

 Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, 1st Baronet, GCB, FRS, KLS, was a British East India Company
army commander, politician, and Orientalist known as the "Father of Assyriology." Sir Henry
Creswicke Rawlinson (born April 11, 1810, in Chadlington, Oxfordshire, England—died March 5,
1895, in London), a British army officer and Orientalist who interpreted the Old Persian component of
Darius I the Great's trilingual cuneiform inscription at Bsitn, Iran.

Daruis l

 Darius I, often known as Darius the Great (born 550 bc—died 486), was king of Persia from 522 to
486 bc and one of the greatest kings of the Achaemenid dynasty, notable for his administrative genius
and large-scale construction projects. Darius was regarded as a good commander and a clever
administrator who bolstered Persia by allowing the people he conquered to live in peace. Darius I
(550–486 B.C.) was an important Persian emperor who came to power at the age of 28 and rapidly
established himself as a great military leader and even better administrator.

Tiglath-pileser l

 Flourished in the 11th century BC), one of Assyria's greatest early monarchs (reigned c. 1115–c. 1077
BC). Tiglath-Pileser I was an Assyrian monarch who reigned during the Middle Assyrian era.
According to Georges Roux, Tiglath-Pileser was "one of the two or three outstanding Assyrian rulers
since the days of Shamshi-Adad I."

Tiglath-pileser lll

 Initiated by Tiglath-pileser III, king of Assyria (745–727 BC), he initiated the final and greatest era of
Assyrian expansion. He ruled over Syria and Palestine, and subsequently (729 or 728), he united the
kingdoms of Assyria and Babylonia. Tiglath-Pileser III was an Assyrian monarch who established
sophisticated civic, military, and political systems in the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the eighth century
BCE. He overhauled the Assyrian administration, significantly enhancing its efficiency and security.

Sennacherib

 From the death of his father, Sargon II, in 705 BC, through his own death in 681 BC, Sennacherib
ruled the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Sennacherib, the second king of the Sargonid dynasty, is one of the
most renowned Assyrian rulers due to his involvement in the Hebrew Bible, which narrates his
expedition in the Levant. Between 705 and 681 BCE, King Sennacherib ruled Assyria. He is well-
known for his military battles against Babylon and the Hebrew kingdom of Judah, as well as his
construction initiatives, particularly in the metropolis of Nineveh.

Ashurbanipal

 Ashurbanipal, also known as Assurbanipal, Assurbanipal, and Asurbanipal, was the Neo-Assyrian
Empire's ruler from the death of his father Esarhaddon in 668 BC until his own death in 631 BC.
 Ashurbanipal, the fourth monarch of the Sargonid dynasty, is often regarded as Assyria's final great
ruler. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was ruled by Ashurbanipal. It was the world's greatest empire during
his rule (669–c. 631 BC), ranging from Cyprus in the west to Iran in the east, and it even encompassed
Egypt at one point. Its capital, Nineveh (in modern-day Iraq), was the biggest metropolis in the world.

Nebuchadnezzar

 Nebuchadnezzar II, sometimes written Nebuchadrezzar II, was the second monarch of the Neo-
Babylonian Empire, reigning from his father Nabopolassar's death in 605 BC until his own death in
562 BC. Known as Nebuchadnezzar the Great in history, he is often recognized as the empire's
greatest king. Nebuchadnezzar II is regarded as the greatest monarch of Babylonia's Chaldean
dynasty. He conquered Syria and Palestine and transformed Babylon into a magnificent metropolis.
He demolished the Temple in Jerusalem and led the Jewish people into Babylonian captivity.

Assessment

1. Why the earliest civilization did usually began in rivers. Support your answer.

 Early civilizations arose in areas where the terrain favored intensive cultivation. The capacity of
certain agricultural towns to continuously generate surplus food allowed some individuals to
specialize in non-agricultural activities, which in turn allowed for increasing output, commerce,
population, and social stratification. Rivers were appealing to the ancient civilizations because they
supplied a consistent source of drinking water and made the area conducive for crop cultivation.

2. What is an empire? Why there was a need to establish and empire? How did Mesopotamia establish their empire?

 An empire is a significant political unit in which the metropolis, or a single sovereign power,
exercises extensive influence over a number of areas or peoples through formal annexation or other
types of informal rule. The need for greater resources, a higher quality of life for its people, and the
desire for power among its leaders were all important considerations in constructing an empire.
Political systems can have a role in empire formation. A country with a single autocratic ruler is far
more likely to become an empire. Sargon strengthened his dominion militarily, conquering Sumer and
expanding into what is now Syria. Under Sargon, trade expanded beyond Mesopotamian borders and
architecture became more advanced, most notably with the introduction of ziggurats, flat-topped
constructions with a pyramid form and stairs.

Test ll

1. True An absolute monarchy in France slowly

2. False
3. True
emerged in the 16th century and became
4. True firmly established during the 17th
5. True century. An absolute monarchy is a
6. True variation of the governmental form
7. False
8. True of monarchy in which the monarch holds
9. True supreme authority and where that
10. False authority is not restricted by any written
laws, legislature, or customs.  Louis XIV was
the most famous exemplar of absolute
monarchy, with his court central to French
political and cultural life during his reign. It
ended in May 1789, when widespread
social distress led to the convocation of
the Estates-General, which was converted
into a National Assembly in June. The
Assembly passed a series of radical
measures, including the abolition of
feudalism, state control of the Catholic
Church, and extending the right to vote.
Louis XIV, king of France (1643–1715), ruled
his country, principally from his great palace
at Versailles, during one of the country's
most brilliant periods. Today, he remains
the symbol of the absolute monarchy of the
classical age.