Pressure drop in Two Phase Geothermal pipelines: Sadiq J. Zarrouk 9.s.2014 (Mass Flow rate, Rg] arr] Dryness Fracion, x [206 Line Pressure, (ba), P 11.26 Pipe Internal Diameter, 0 02 Pipe Cross-sectoral Are, (nA ‘Dosiaie Roughness height, em - ‘0.000046 Pipe relative roughness, ‘0.00023. Measured Pressure Drop, (Pain) a7 Flud properties (From IAPWS1FS7 Sica Tables Saluraon Pressure) ‘Steam Densiy, (gi) ‘Sir Wieter Dens. gi. ‘Steam Viscosity, (Pa). He Wier Viscosity. (Pas). Water ass Fow est, (i). 7 ‘Sleam Mass Flow eat, (3). ‘Surface Tension. (Win), 0 - C ‘The eupertcia velocities are required ta determine the flow regime according tothe Mandhane Map. Therefor the superficial iguc and gaseous veloctes ae respectfully. mG -2) ak Pu 37.86 x(1~0205) P= “Gata x OnaLeIS Puy = 109m/s gg x 378% 0205 fe * S77 0051416 qq = 42.79 m/s oeWK207 6200mm PIPE WAIRAKE! TWO-PHASE DATA 10.000 i SupeficlLiui Velo (ms) ‘Supertcl Gs Veo ins) \When platted on the Manchane Flow Patern Map, the data point falls win the annular ow regime zone. The perfarmance of the corlations described in the Iteralure was evalated against the experimental data st from WK2C7 given Inthe table above‘The Homogeneous method “The Homogeneous method fortwo phase flow pressure drop is simply the application of the Poisoulle fl equation using calculated two phase fd variables, such as Dynamic Viscosly ‘of two phase fuid, Density of two phase Mud, Reynolds Number for two phase fd, Fiction Factor (Two Phase). The wo phase density and dynamie viscosity are calculated using harmonic weighting of Iqud and steam properties as inthe folowing equation: Poe [020s @=0205)) ) 52x10" * 146x10" ‘The Renolds numbers calculated using the above wo phase propetis and the fiction factor is caleulated in tur using te two phase Renolds number. Po DVe Fee vn 3786 Vee = eae ag 88 mlseeThe Darcy-Weiaback fraction factor, hich could be calculated using Mods dagram ‘or simply using the explicit Haaland (1083) equation below: 145443.92 oa" =1891 Palm AP, =0.0143% a 8 = 901 krajmHartison-Fresston Method “This method was developed by Harrison and Fresston using data from WK207 and has been applied extensively forthe design of two phase geothermal pipelines ‘oid Fraction was calculated by using the correlation below a a=0018 ‘After that the average liqudiwater velocity was calculate: a 304 §= Galax nonaIox GOI % 97 m/s ‘To determine the pressure drop the tiction factor neds tobe determined from the superficial gu Reynolds number ° a1 x02 Re. = popiae x gaatRe, = 1312480 From Meody's diagram the friction factors approximately 0.0149 using the relative pipe roughness data fom the table “Therefore the wall shear stress is: aad « __ 0149 x 6814 x5.97" yw Mae SSOP = 5833 “To alow forthe acceleration duet the change in density, a correction factor needs to be Included ae 6 37862 x 0205? AC = Sang x OUSAIGE X57 LTA 10 Ac = 00113, ‘Thorofore the pressure drop is: o ae _4xs833 @" 12x00 180 Pa/mZha0-Freeston Method Vola Fraction was calculated by using Zhao-Freeston's 7 order based coreaton therefore: (egl” (ase) Ga ecerere)l” 0290 a ‘Aer that the Squidivatervelooty was calculated sa =x fon = a=) 1x (10205) x301 Baia x oontaie x G07} Faw Tay = 442 mys ‘After that the equivalent liquidtwater velocity was calculated a-a) (CO rn cD) % 769) 60709) __ gag OTE) (1+ OTH) B=s2im/s “To determine the pressure drop, the fiction factor needs tobe determined from the equivalent Liquid Reynolds number.B14 x 521 x02 Fee 006 eye = 6290540 From Moody’ dagram the fiction factor is approximately 0.0295 using the relate pipe Feughness data from thetabe “Therefore the pressure dropper metre of horzontal pipe is jot Trcin” D a 235 x 9014 8.21? Bonecion~ 2x02 a og HOS6Pajm ‘To alow forthe acceleration duet the change in deny, coracton factor needs to be Includes sie? AO aRipgP 786? x 0205? THUONG S77 TTT IE ac = 003 “Therefore the pressure drop is: a ae _%, i eGo14086 G-001) als als 14217 Pajm. wo Gp 1az2 beam‘Lockhart & Martinelli Method “To determine the two phase pressure crop, both the pressure dop or each single phase noeds tbe calulated frst Lquiatwater phase pressure drop fu Me e014 109 «02 Fe qon0Tas Re, = 1316063 ‘and om Moody's diagram the ton factor is approximately 0.0148 using the relative pie ‘oughness data stated previously dP _o14nx e014 x 1.092 aon a & = 3074 pajm Gaseous/Steam phase pressure drop! 5:77 «427902 Ree = F510 fe, = 3248662 From the Mocdy/s diagram the fiction factr is approximately 0.0143 using the relative pipe roughness deta stated previously.dP _ooaxsa7 427% @e" 2x02 a 73777 Palm ‘After this the Lockhart Martnli(L8M) parameter (X) needs to be calculated to determine the ‘wo phase mutiplion fsare x= 01026 “The steam was assumed tobe turbulent andthe thin iquid\water annulus to be viscous. The ‘wo phase mulipir(d) was approximately 2-1 from the (LBM) chart Therefore the two phase pressure cop is: dp a Dye ae w . aspen =o - 1605.06. Wry da ‘afm = 66s kr $ "afmFriedel FFredals method utizes a two phase multiple (¢) simitar to the LAM methodology. bog y S24 Oo = Bt Sane “The two phase multiplier is minty to convert he single phase liquid pressure drop int the two [phase pressure drop. The methodology ulizes 2 wo phase dens ber = 2746 kg/m? To determine the two phase multiple (fy), both the Webre, Froude numbers and the constants E, Fand H needs tobe determined using he liquidvater properties: Froude Number: @y Dow zy Fr Sa x02 x 274 Fr =oa1s Wire Numb: G2 Pre 3796 ve = (oustere) <2 “TAG x 00S735069 ‘Constant E: 4 Pea Bont ne 814 x 000125 577 00022 B= (1-0205)" + 0205" e=4279 ‘The fiction factors were determined using the Blasius approximation which was evaluated et the total macs flux and ether the quid or gaceous fuid propartis. Constant F a yea esta (usaaaesy,_aszxie ‘0000146 ue ‘0000146 H=sas ‘Therefore the two-phase multiplier is: : s24rH 6) = B+ ay oo3240275585 ‘TB HO T35DSIINS 2 = 42794 2 = 20495 “Therefore the pressure drop equates to being a a Gy az ap _ 2x 0.0022 x (gSZ86 Dy waLaxo* 70195 we a F = Ge wnram w oF 1022 kraj‘Brill Mukeriee Method ‘Based on a iquid hold up corelaton which was derived from experimental data, The lui hold ‘was derived as being Nox Hes exp |(G.+csine + cysinto + ne Mee Where C;, Cs, Cy, Cx and Cs re constants from iterate ‘To determine the oui hold up, certain parameters need tobe determined fst. These are: Liquid Velocity Number ne a sty Nant ty = Nov = 42.79 * lear Ta = 087 Und coy Haner nnn fel se arr aoTate wean|i+ sine +cysnto +cat See] ‘e073 1H, = exp|(-0300113 + 2343227 x 0.001139") Serer | 1H, = 003566 ‘To determine the pressure drop, two phase fui "mou" properties need tobe determined: Micure Viecosty ye = atonal ~ 1) sy = 0.000146 x 0.03566 + 1.52% 10° x (1 ~ 0.03566) buy = 199% 10° Pais Modure Density: ac = BH sbo(l ~ Hd ye = 881.4 x 0103566 + 5.77 (1 0.03566) be = 37.0 kgm? Modu Velocity and Reynolds number gw ee 3786 = a7 OmaT4Teyeas td Rey = Te oy a TESST X02 T9910 oy = 12111029 From Moods diagram the fiction factors approximately 0.0148 using te relative pipe Feughness data from the table ‘Therefore the pressure drop is aP _ owt an D Popa x37 xa2571? a 2x02 w = 1as2kra/mConclusions and Recommendations: 1. The Haricon method works wel fr pipes dlameters of 200mm to 300mm, For pipe diameters of 400mm to 450mm, experiance showed thatthe Harison method underestimates the pressure drop, Experience suggest that for slugging flow the ‘averaged pressure drop om the Harson and Homogeneous methods should be used. While for annular low a correction factor of 25% should be added tothe average ofthe ‘corrected Hertion and Homogeneous methods 3. For pipe iameters 600 mm to 700 mm the Friedel methed works best, while al the ther ‘models al underestimate the pressure drop, 4, For vary lage pipe diameters >1000 mm, the flow in the pipeline will manly become stratified (water atthe bettom ofthe pipe and steam on top) and the current Mandhane diagram my nat accurately work. Its an area of high interest but not much published information ie availabe “be cautious '5, The results from all the diffrent methodsicalulations should be used with caution as two phase pressure drop predictions is combination of science and experence, Brersises Calculate the pressure crop forthe following datapoints: Parameters [Point [Point | Points ‘Mass Flow rate, (gs), 25.98. 2508 | 3273 Dryness Fraction, 0.208 ‘0264 | 0.169 Line Preseure, (bar, P 1211 6.36 596. ipo Internal Diameter, (a, D 02, 02. 02 Measured Pressure Drop, (kPa) 055 115 at |ot +6 exnbta eae* "T orspenseo Fuge" Ty i i pe eee 7 SUPERFTCIE AS VELOCITY, 9/8 ow pateesn nip of mindnane et ai (878)