Aliran Fluida Geothermal (2)

Assc. Prof. Sadiq J Zarrouk & Prof. Mike O’Sullivan, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences by Chengel, Turner and Cimbala

Mohamad Husni Mubarok, PhD

Guest Lecturer
AKAMIGAS Cepu
Latihan
Pressure Drop Dua Fasa di Pipa
1. Sebuah pipa dua fasa dengan diameter 600 mm (abaikan fitting)
dengan laju alir 400 t/j air dan 100 t/j uap pada tekanan 6 bara
menuju ke separation plant. Pipa yang digunakan memilki kekasaran
0.13 mm. Hitung gradient kehilangan tekanan (kPa/m dan bar/m) di
dalam pipa tersebut menggunakan persamaan Harrison-Freeston dan
dua metode lainnya?
2. Pipa yang sama dengan soal no (1) kemudian mendeliver sebesar 100
t/j udara dan 400 t/j air pada tekanan 6 bara dan temperature 300
K. Hitung gradient tekanan seperti pada nomor (1)?
3. Berikan alas an mengapa jawaban no (1) dan no (2) berbeda?
Air Properties (Reff : HYSYS Process Simulation Software) :
P (bara) T (K) r g (kg/m3) mg (kg/m.s) r l (kg/m3) ml (kg/m.s)
6 300 6.962 0.000019 996 0.00085
Latihan
Pressure Drop Dua Fasa di Pipa
Solusi: Harrison Freeston Lockhart & Martinelli

Homogenous
Latihan 1) Fluid Pressure Drop Gradient (Two Phase Flow : Steam+Water)
Known Data :
600 mm
Pressure Drop Dua Fasa di Pipa
D (Pipe Diameter)
0.6 m
400 TPH
mL (Liquid Mass Flow)
111.1 kg/s
100 TPH
mg (Steam Mass Flow)
27.8 kg/s
500 TPH
mT (Total Mas Flow)
138.9 kg/s
x (Dryness) 0.2
P (Pipe Line Pressure) 6 bara
0.13 mm
e (Pipe Rougness)
0.00013 m
1st , Harrison-Freeston Method
ml dP/dXTP
Fluids r g (kg/m 3) r l (kg/m 3) a A (m 2 ) VL (m/s) Re e/D f tL AC
(kg/m.s) (kPa/m)
Water + Steam 3.17 908.59 0.00017 0.8588 0.28 3.06 1,379,677 0.00021667 0.0140 14.91051944 0.00591733 0.1000

2nd, The Homogenous Method

r TP dP/dXTP
Fluids r g (kg/m 3) r l (kg/m 3) m g (kg/m.s) m l (kg/m.s) m TP (kg/m.s) A (m 2 ) VTP (m/s) Re e/D f
(kg/m 3) (kPa/m)
Water + Steam 3.17 908.59 15.6261 1.43283E-05 0.00017099 5.36564E-05 0.28 31.45 5495725.86 0.000216667 0.0140 0.1801

3rd, Lockhart & Martinelli Method

Liquid Pressure Drop
dP/dXL
Fluids r l (kg/m 3) A (m 2 ) VL (m/s) m l (kg/m.s) Re e/D f
(Pa/m)
Water 908.59 0.28 0.43 0.000170985 1379677.02 0.000216667 0.0140 1.9827

Steam Pressure Drop

dP/dXg
Fluids r g (kg/m 3) A (m 2 ) Vg (m/s) m g (kg/m.s) Re e/D f
(Pa/m)
Steam 3.17 0.28 31.02 1.43283E-05 3430040702 0.000216667 0.0140 35.5309

Two Phase Pressure Drop

fG dP/dXTP
Fluids X
(L & M (kPa/m)
Water + Steam 0.24 2.30 0.1880
Latihan 2) Fluid Pressure Drop Gradient (Two Phase Flow : Air+Water)
Known Data :
600 mm Air Properties (Reff : HYSYS Process Simulation Software) :
Pressure Drop Dua D (Pipe Diameter)
0.6 m
400 TPH
P (bara)
6
T (K)
300
r g (kg/m3) mg (kg/m.s)
6.962 0.000019
r l (kg/m3)
996
ml (kg/m.s)
0.00085

Fasa di Pipa
mL (Liquid Mass Flow)
111.1 kg/s
100 TPH
mg (Air Mass Flow)
27.8 kg/s
500 TPH
mT (Total Mas Flow)
138.9 kg/s
x (Dryness) 0.2
P (Pipe Line Pressure) 6 bara
0.13 mm
e (Pipe Rougness)
0.00013 m
1st , Harrison-Freeston Method
ml dP/dXTP
Fluids r g (kg/m 3) r l (kg/m 3) a A (m 2 ) VL (m/s) Re e/D f tL AC
(kg/m.s) (kPa/m)
Water + Air 6.96 908.59 0.00017 0.8021 0.28 2.19 1,379,677 0.00021667 0.0140 7.597129774 0.00288345 0.0508

2nd, The Homogenous Method

r TP dP/dXTP
Fluids r g (kg/m 3) r l (kg/m 3) m g (kg/m.s) m l (kg/m.s) m TP (kg/m.s) A (m 2 ) VTP (m/s) Re e/D f
(kg/m 3) (kPa/m)
Water + Air 6.96 908.59 33.7748 0.000019 0.00017099 6.57675E-05 0.28 14.55 4483686.16 0.000216667 0.0140 0.0833

3rd, Lockhart & Martinelli Method

Liquid Pressure Drop
dP/dXL
Fluids r l (kg/m 3) A (m 2 ) VL (m/s) m l (kg/m.s) Re e/D f
(Pa/m)
Water 908.59 0.28 0.43 0.000170985 1379677.02 0.000216667 0.0140 1.9827

Air Pressure Drop

dP/dXg
Fluids r g (kg/m 3) A (m 2 ) Vg (m/s) m g (kg/m.s) Re e/D f
(Pa/m)
Air 6.96 0.28 14.12 0.000019 2586674282 0.000216667 0.0140 16.1722

Two Phase Pressure Drop

fG dP/dXTP
Fluids X
(L & M Chart) (kPa/m)
Water + Air 0.35 2.30 0.0856
Latihan
Pressure Drop Dua Fasa di Pipa
3) Summary
Pressure Drop Gradient (kPa/m)
Fluids
Harrison-FreestonThe Homogenous Lockhart & Martinelli Methode
Steam+Water 0.1000 0.1801 0.1880
Air+Water 0.0508 0.0833 0.0856

Based on the calculation above, we can see that the pressure drop gradient
calculation by the Homogeneous and Lockart&Martinelli method is relatively
same.

The pressure drop gradient for mixture of water and air is lower than water-
steam mixture. It happen because the density of air is higher than steam, thus,
the velocity of water will decrease. When it is happen, the pressure gradient
in the pipe will decrease significantly
Latihan
Pressure Drop di Lubang Sumur
Latihan (1) Buat output curve sumur untuk laju massa 45 kg/s, 40 kg/s, 35
kg/s, 30 kg/s, 25 kg/s, 20 kg/s, 15 kg/s, 10 kg/s, 5 kg/s

Depth : 1500 m
Inklinasi : 0°
Pr : 80 bara
PI : 1.25 kg/s/bar
Tr : 273°C
Casing : 13-3/8” @ 1000 m
m@1500 m
Liner : 9-5/8” @1500 m

Asumsikan kondisi isentalpi sepanjang lubang sumur, lakukan

perhitungan secara bottom up dengan panjang per segmen 10
Latihan
Pressure Drop di Lubang Sumur
Latihan (2)

Plot laju massa terhadap tekanan dan temperatur

kepala sumur
Jika tekanan kepala sumur di-setting ke 10 bara
berapa laju alir sumur?
Jika konsumsi turbin 2 kg/s/MWe berapa potensi
sumur pada tekanan 10 bara?
m@1500 m
Latihan
Pressure Drop di Lubang Sumur
Solusi
Latihan
Pressure Drop di Lubang Sumur
Solusi

Pada TKS 10 bara laju fluida sumur sebesar 45.05 kg/s dengan dryness 0.22
sehingga laju massa uap sebesar 9.78 kg/s
Potensi sumur sebesar 4.89 MWe
If you want to master something, teach it
The more you teach, the better you learn
Teaching is a powerful tool to learning
—Richard Feynman
THANKS
husnimubarok@pertamina.com