Temas portefolio

Reinado de D. Carlos

Consequências do crash de 1929

Ideias - «filme» de um professor a explicar a crianças como se fosse o totocas

he stock market crash led the way to the Great Depression, where 15

million Americans would lose their jobs and half of the country's banks
failed at the lowest point in 1933. Production had fallen by half after the
stock market crash, leading to soup kitchens, bread lines, and
homelessness across the nation. Farmers were forced to let crops rot as
they couldn't afford the harvests and many in the nation starved. Many
farmers migrated to the cities looking for jobs as droughts caused high
winds and dust in the south, known as the Dust Bowl.10

The Great Depression ushered in an era of isolationism, protectionism,

and nationalism. The infamous Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930 started a
spiral of beggar-thy-neighbor economic policies.

The stock market crash of 1929 had a devastating effect on the culture of
the 1930s. As investors, businesses, and farms lost money, they started to
shutter and lay off workers. Banks closed as well. The Great Depression
began in the 1930s, leading to soup kitchens, bread lines, and
homelessness across the nation. The culture in the 30s shifted
dramatically from that in the 20s. The 20s, known as the roaring 20s, saw
a period of economic growth and consumerism after the war, while the
1930s witnessed poverty and economic decline.
he stock market crash of 1929 was not the sole cause of the Great Depression, but it did act
to accelerate the global economic collapse of which it was also a symptom. By 1933,
nearly half of America's banks had failed, and unemployment was approaching 15 million
people, or 30 percent of the workforce.

O que foi a quinta feira negra? Quais as suas causas?

Causas
- superprodução
-emprestimos muito fáceis
- especulação
Numa quinta feira em outubro de 1929, 12.8 milhoes de açoes foram vendidas. O stock
market colapsou
Quais as consequências?
A partir deste acontecimento os EUA e , consequentemente o resto do mundo, ficou numa
grande depressão

Big businesses and banking collapsed

The crash brought financial ruin for many businessmen and financiers.

America’s GNP dropped by almost 50 per cent. Car production fell by 80 per cent

and building construction by 92 per cent.

Firms went bankrupt. Between 1929 and 1932 109,371 businesses failed. Some
businessmen committed suicide.

Banks collapsed.

659 banks closed in 1929. This increased to 2,294 in 1931. They collapsed because
people withdrew their savings for fear of losing money. Their closures, in turn, led to
the remainder of savers losing their cash as well.

Those banks which remained refused loans to struggling firms, leading to

bankruptcies.

People who bought “on the margin” were also in debt.

Loss of confidence in businesses

The public lost confidence in the economy and hope in the future. They blamed big
businesses and banks for the problems. Suicides went up 50 per cent.

Massive unemployment
People could no longer buy consumer goods, such as cars and clothes. As a result,
workers were made redundant.

Unemployment rose to 25 per cent of the national workforce (14 million people).

In some regions it was much higher.

In Denora in Pennsylvania in March 1932, only 277 people out of nearly 14,000 had
jobs. There was no work at all in the coal mines of Illinois.

Unemployment and distress were highest among immigrants and black Americans.

Homelessness
Overall, there was great misery.

People struggled to buy basic goods, such as food and clothing.

The number of deaths directly linked to starvation increased during the Depression,

and many other illnesses and deaths were related to a lack of nutrition.

Homelessness was common as repossessions of homes increased.

  About 2 million bankrupt farmers and unemployed people became hobos.
 Shantytowns, called Hoovervilles, made out of waste materials like
cardboard, sprang up at the edges of most towns to house displaced
people.
 Some people slept on park benches. Others deliberately got themselves
arrested as it meant food and a bed for the night.
Low wages and long hours for the employed
Even those with jobs faced difficulties. Women, immigrants and black Americans had
no choice but to work for longer hours for reduced pay.

Wages dropped to starvation level. The average hourly wage in factories fell from 59
cents in 1926 to 44 cents in 1933.

Distress for farmers

The plight of farmers, which was already distressing in the 1920s, deepened.

A renewal of the USA’s tariff war with other countries, because of the Hawley-Smoot

Act, decreased their sales even further and evictions for non-payment of mortgage
increased.

Prices were so low, farmers left the crops to rot in the fields and farm animals were
killed instead of being taken to market.

Natural disasters compounded the problems.

 From1930 onwards, farmers in the Mid-West were hit by a series of droughts,

which eventually created the Dust Bowl of 20 million hectares of land.
 Farmers in the Tennessee Valley had their crops and topsoil washed away by
floods.
Causas da grande depressao

The stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great

Depression, but it was only one factor among many root causes of
the Depression. A weak banking system, further collapse in already-
low farm prices, and industrial overproduction each contributed to
the economic downturn

Ordem do trabalho:

- Crash de 1929 + causas

- Consequencias – grande depressao + descrever
- Imagens+ testemunho de pessoas durante este periodo