1.

ABATEMENT - ANY ACT THAT WOULD

REMOVE OR NEUTRALIZE A FIRE
HAZARD. 
2.ACCELERANTS — DESIGN TO FEED THE
FIRE AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE WHEN
THE IGNITION DEVICE IS LIGHTED.
3.ACCELERATION MARKS - CREATED ON
ACCELERATION IF THE ENGINE
PROVIDES MORE POWER THAT THE
TIRE CAN TRANSMIT. 
4.ACCIDENT (LEGAL MEANING) – AN
ACCIDENT IS ANY HAPPENING BEYOND
THE CONTROL OF A PERSON THE
CONSEQUENCES OF WHICH ARE NOT
FORESEEABLE.
5.ACCUSED - A PERSON WHO’S CASE WAS
FORWARDED TO THE OFFICE OF THE
PROSECUTOR AND FILED IN COURT. 
6.ACTING ABILITY IS THE ABILITY TO GO
DOWN TO THE LEVEL OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF INDIVIDUALS
7.ACTING QUALITIES — HE MUST POSSESS
THE QUALITIES OF AN ACTOR,
SALESMAN, AND PSYCHOLOGIST AND

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 KNOW HOW TO USE THE POWER OF
PERSUASION.
8.ACTUS REUS - PROOF THAT A CRIMINAL
ACT HAS OCCURRED.
9.ADDICTION - A PERSON HAS AN
ADDICTION WHEN HE BECOMES
DEPENDENT ON OR CRAVES A DRUG
AND BELIEVES HE NEEDS THE DRUG TO
LIVE. ALL AN ADDICTED DRUG USER
CAN THINK ABOUT IS GETTING THE
NEXT DOSE AFTER GETTING HIGH. 
10. ADDRESSEE — REFERS TO A PERSON
WHO IS INTENDED BY THE ORIGINATOR
RECEIVE THE ELECTRONIC DATA
MESSAGE OR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT
11. ADJUDICATION - WHILE THIS IS
OBVIOUSLY A COURT FUNCTION, THE
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCERS PROVIDES
INFLUENCE ON THIS STEP BY ACTING
AS WITNESS TO THE PROSECUTION OR
SUPPLYING ADDITIONAL EVIDENCES,
THIS STEP DETERMINES THE GUILT OR
INNOCENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS.
12. ADMINISTER. — ANY ACT OF
INTRODUCING ANY DANGEROUS DRUG

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 INTO THE BODY OF ANY PERSON, WITH
OR WITHOUT HIS/HER KNOWLEDGE, BY
INJECTION, INHALATION, INGESTION
OR OTHER MEANS
13. ADMINISTRATOR - ANY PERSON
WHO ACTS AS AGENT OF THE OWNER
AND MANAGES THE USE OF A BUILDING
FOR HIM.
14. ADMISSION - REFERS TO
STATEMENT OF FACTS NOT DIRECTLY
CONSTITUTING AN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF GUILT.
15. ADULTERANT - MATERIAL USED TO
INCREASE THE MASS OF A CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCE. ADULTERANTS PRODUCE
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND GIVE
THE ILLUSION THAT MORE
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE IS PRESENT
THAN ITS ACTUAL CONTENT. 
16. ADVANCE SIGNS — THESE ARE THE
NAMES AND DISTANCES OF THE
PRINCIPAL DESTINATION OR
DESTINATION SERVED BY THE
INTERSECTING ROADS.

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 17. AFFF – (AQUEOUS FILM FORMING
FOAM), IS A SYNTHETIC FOAM-
FORMING LIQUID DESIGNED FOR USE
WITH FRESH WATER.
18. AFIS - AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AFIS) IS A
BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION (ID)
METHODOLOGY THAT USES DIGITAL
IMAGING TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN,
STORE, AND ANALYZE FINGERPRINT
DATA.
19. AIRPORT CRASH TENDERS ARE
ENGINES THAT SPRAY FOAM OR DRY
CHEMICALS ON BURNING AIRCRAFT.
20. ALCOHOL - FERMENTED OR
DISTILLED LIQUIDS OR DRUG 
CONTAINING ETHANOL AND
INTOXICATING SUBSTANCES. 
21. ALKALOID - ONE OF A GROUP OF
NITROGENOUS ORGANIC BASES,
ESPECIALLY ONE OF VEGETABLE
ORIGIN, HAVING A POWERFUL TOXIC
EFFECT ON ANIMALS AND MAN, SUCH
AS NICOTINE, COCAINE, STRYCHNINE,
OR MORPHINE. 

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 22. ALPHONSE BERTILLON - WAS THE
FIRST TO APPLY THE
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE OF
ANTHROPOMETRY TO LAW
ENFORCEMENT, THEREBY CREATING AN
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON
PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS.
23. AMATEUR- CAN BE DESCRIBED AS
EXPERIMENT
24. AMATEUR INTERMITTENT
OFFENDER - THESE TYPES OF ROBBERS
VIEW THEMSELVESAS LIFETIME
ROBBERS AND COMMITS INFREQUENT
ROBBERY OFFENSES, OFTEN
RECKLESSLY.
25. AMITRIPTYLINE - A TRICYCLIC
ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG, FOUND TO
IMPAIR SKILLED PERFORMANCE AND
TO BE ADDITIVE WITH ETHANOL IN ITS
ADVERSE EFFECTS. 
26. AMOBARBITAL - A BARBITURATE
DERIVATIVE USED AS A SEDATIVE OR
HYPNOTIC; AVAILABLE IN AMPULES
FOR INTRAVENOUS OR

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 INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION FOR THE
CONTROL OF SEIZURES. 
27. AMPHETAMINE - A DRUG THAT IS
REPRESENTATIVE OF A CLASS OF
STRUCTURALLY RELATED COMPOUNDS
KNOWN AS PHENETHYLAMINES.
28. ANALGESIC - ANY DRUGS, SUCH AS
SALICYLATES, MORPHINE, OR OPIATES
USED PRIMARILY FOR THE RELIEF OF
PAIN
29. ANAPHYLAXIS - AN ALLERGIC
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION OF THE
BODY TO A FOREIGN PROTEIN OR
DRUG. 
30. ANIMUS LUCRANDI - MEANS INTENT
TO GAIN, IN ROBBERY. 
31. ANTIDEPRESSANT - A DRUG, SUCH
AS IMIPRAMINE AND
TRANYLCYPROMINE, THAT RELIEVES
DEPRESSION BY INCREASING CENTRAL
SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY. 
32. ANTISERA - INJECTING HUMAN
SERUM INTO VARIOUS ANIMALS, SUCH
AS THE HORSE, GOAT,SHEEP, RABBIT,

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 DUCK, HEN, OR GUINEA PIG, CAN
PRODUCE ANTIHUMAN SERA. 
33. ANTISERUM - ANY IMMUNE SERUM
THAT CONTAINS ANTIBODIES ACTIVE
CHIEFLY IN DESTROYING A SPECIFIC
INFECTING VIRUS OR BACTERIUM. 
34. APPARENT DEATH — IS THE STATE
OF TEMPORARY CESSATION OF VITAL
ACTIVITIES OF THE BODY OR VITAL
PROCESSESS WERE DEPRESSED TO THE
MINIMUM COMPATIBLE WITH LIFE.
35. APPLICATION FOR SEARCH
WARRANT — IT SHALL BE APPROVED
BY A DULY DESIGNATED OFFICER. THE
APPLICATION SHALL BE RECORDED IN A
LOGBOOK.
36. APPREHENSION - WHOLLY A
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCERS
RESPONSIBILITY WHERE THE TRAFFIC
LAW ENFORCERS ARE REQUIRED TO
TAKE ACTION AT ONCE TO PREVENT
CONTINUED AND FUTURE VIOLATIONS.
37. APPROACH - THE INVESTIGATOR
MUST CAREFULLY SELECT HIS KIND OF
APPROACH, WHICH MAYBE A SINGLE

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 KIND, A COMBINATION OF TWO OR THE
APPLICATION OF ALL THE TECHNIQUES.
38. APPROPRIATE TIME - GENERAL
RULE - (ASAP) AS SOON POSSIBLE
WHILE FACTS ARE FRESH IN THE
MEMORY OF INTERVIEWEES.
39. ARCING – THE PRODUCTION OF
SUSTAINED LUMINOUS ELECTRICAL
DISCHARGE BETWEEN SEPARATED
ELECTRODES; AN ELECTRIC HAZARD
THAT RESULTS WHEN ELECTRICAL
CURRENT CROSSES THE GAP BETWEEN 2
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS.
40. AREA PATROL – CONDUCT
OBSERVATION EITHER BY MOVING
PATROL OR STATIONARY OBSERVATION
IN A CERTAIN AREA, WHICH INCLUDED
A NUMBER OF STREETS ROADS OR
SECTIONS OF A HIGHWAY. 
41. ARMED ROBBERY - THIS INVOLVES
THE USE OF WEAPONS SUCH AS
FIREARM, AKNIFE OR OTHER
DANGEROUS WEAPONS. 
42. ARREST - THE LEGAL TAKING OF A
PERSON INTO A CUSTODY IN ORDER

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 THAT HE MAY BE BOUND TO ANSWER
FOR THE COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE. 
43. ARREST WARRANT - AN ORDER IN
WRITING ISSUED IN THE NAME OF THE
PHILIPPINES COMMANDING OR
DIRECTING A PEACE OFFICER TO
ARREST THE PERSON DESCRIBED
THEREIN AND BRINGS IT BEFORE THE
COURT. 
44. ARSON - AN ACT OF WILLFULLY AND
MALICIOUSLY DAMAGING OR
DESTROYING A BUILDING OR OTHER
PROPERTY BY FIRE OR EXPLOSION.
45. ARTICULATED VEHICLE - SHALL
MEAN ANY MOTOR VEHICLES WITH A
TRAILER HAVING NO FRONT AXLE AND
SO ATTACHED THAT PART OF THE
TRAILER REST UPON THE MOTOR
VEHICLE AND A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF
THE WEIGHT OF THE TRAILER AND OF
ITS LOAD IS BORN BY THE MOTOR
VEHICLE. 
46. ASSISTING COUNSEL — IS A
LAWYER, EXPECT THOSE DIRECTLY
AFFECTED BY THE CASE, THOSE

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 CHARGED WITH CONDUCTING
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OR
THOSE CHARGED WITH THE
PROSECUTION OF CRIMES.
47. ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE - IS
EVIDENCE THAT TIES A SUSPECT TO THE
CRIME SCENE, THE VICTIM OR SOME
OTHER BIT OF EVIDENCE.
48. AUTOPSY - KNOWN AS A POST-
MORTEM EXAMINATION, NECROPSY,
AUTOPSIA CADAVERUM, OR
OBDUCTION, IS A HIGHLY SPECIALIZED
SURGICAL PROCEDURE THAT CONSISTS
OF A THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF A
CORPSE TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE AND
MANNER OF DEATH AND TO EVALUATE
ANY DISEASE OR INJURY THAT MAYBE
PRESENT
49. AVOID IMPLIED ANSWERS - THE
NOD OF THE HEAD OR ANY OTHER
BODY LANGUAGE AS A RESPONSE TO
THE QUESTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
THE ANSWER MUST BE ORAL, CLEAR,
EXPLICIT AND RESPONSIVE TO THE
QUESTIONS.

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 50. AVOIDANCE OF PUBLICITY - THERE
ARE WITNESSES WHO ARE SHY AND
THEY SHUN PUBLICITY THAT WILL
BRING THEM DISCOMFORT TO THEIR
ORDINARY OR OBSCURE WAY OF
LIVING.
51. AZIMUTH - THIS TYPE OF 
MEASURING CONVENTION IS BEST
SUITED FOR LARGE OPEN AREAS
WHERE THERE MIGHT NOT BE ANY
FIXED REFERENCE POINTS.
52. BACKDRAFT – IT IS THE SUDDEN
AND RAPID (VIOLENT) BURNING OF
HEATED GASES IN A CONFINED AREA
THAT OCCURS IN THE FORM OF
EXPLOSION.
53. BACKGROUND INTERVIEW - TIME
AND PLACE OF INTERVIEW ARE NOT A
CONSIDERATION EXCEPT FOR BUSY
PERSON
54. BARBITURATES - DRUGS THAT
AFFECT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM CAUSING SEDATION. 
55. BARKADA KONTRA DROGA - IS A
PEER-BASED PROGRAM DESIGNED AS A

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 PREVENTIVE EDUCATION AND
INFORMATION STRATEGY TO COUNTER
THE DANGERS AND DISASTROUS
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE.
56. BASELINE - A METHOD OF
LOCATING OBJECT, PARTICULARLY
USEFUL IN LARGE, IRREGULARLY
SHAPED OUTDOOR AREAS.
57. BENZOYLECOGNINE - A COCAINE
METABOLITE. 
58. BIAS OF THE WITNESS - THE
WITNESS MAYBE AN ACQUAINTANCE,
FRIEND, HELPER, OR BENEFACTOR OF
THE SUSPECT.
59. BIENES MUEBLES - IN ROBBERY,
MEANS PERSONAL PROPERTY
BELONGING TO ANOTHER.
60. BIGOTRY - RELIGIOUS OR RACIAL,
TRIBAL OR ETHNIC INDIFFERENCE.
61. BIOMASS – IT IS THE NAME GIVEN
TO SUCH REPLACEABLE ORGANIC
MATTERS LIKE WOOD, GARBAGE AND
ANIMAL MANURE THAT CAN BE USE TO
PRODUCE ENERGY.

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 62. BITEBACK - A FATAL CONDITION
THAT TAKES PLACE WHEN THE FIRE
RESISTS EXTINGUISHMENT
OPERATIONS AND BECOME STRONGER
AND BIGGER INSTEAD.
63. BLASTING AGENT - ANY MATERIAL
OR MIXTURE CONSISTING OF A FUEL
AND OXIDIZER USED TO SET OFF
EXPLOSIVES.
64. BOASTING, EGOISTIC, OR
EGOCENTRIC WITNESSES - THEY ARE
SUSCEPTIBLE TO ADD COLOR OR
IMPORTANCE IN THEIR ROLE AS
WITNESSES, PROBABLY UNDER-RATING
THE ACCOUNTS OF OTHERS.
65. BOILING POINT - THE
TEMPERATURE OF A SUBSTANCE
WHERE THE RATE OF EVAPORATION
EXCEEDS THE RATE OF
CONDENSATION. 
66. BOOK OF XI YUAN LU - THE FIRST
WRITTEN ACCOUNT OF USING
MEDICINE AND ENTOMOLOGY TO
SOLVE CRIMINAL CASES.

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 67. BOX JUNCTION - IS A ROAD TRAFFIC
CONTROL MEASURE DESIGNED TO
PREVENT CONGESTION AND GRIDLOCK
AT JUNCTIONS.
68. BRAKING MARKS - IF THE BRAKES
"LOCK-UP" AND CAUSE THE TIRE TO
SLIDE. 
69. BROKEN WHITE LINES – IS USED TO
DEFINE OR SEPARATE TRAFFIC LANES.
70. BROKEN YELLOW LINES – IS A TWO
WAY/HIGHWAY WHICH MEANS NO
 OVERTAKING OR PASSING IS
PERMITTED ONLY WHEN THE
ROAD AHEAD IS CLEAR. 
71. BUGGING - IS THE ACT OF
CONCEALING A MINIATURE
MICROPHONE IN (A ROOM OR
TELEPHONE) IN ORDER TO EAVESDROP
ON OR RECORD SOME ONE'S
CONVERSATIONS SECRETLY.
72. BUREAUCRATIC/ CORPORATE
MODEL- THE CORPORATION, THE
POLICE, AND THE MILITARY ARE
EXAMPLES OF BUREAUCRACIES, THAT
MODE OF ORGANIZATION ESSENTIAL

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 FOR EFFICIENTLY CARRYING OUT
LARGE SCALE TASKS.
73. BURNED - WHEN AN INVESTIGATOR 
HAS BEEN EXPOSED. THE TARGET HAS
BECOME AWARE THAT HE IS BEING
WATCHED.
74. BUTABARBITAL - A SHORT- TO
INTERMEDIATE-ACTING BARBITURATE
DERIVATIVE. 
75. CAFFEINE - A STIMULANT FOUND IN
COFFEE.
76. CANNABIDIOL - A CONSTITUENT OF
CANNABIS, WHICH, UPON
ISOMERIZATION TO
A TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL, HAS
SOME OF THE PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIVITY
OF MARIJUANA. 
77. CANNABIS - A GENUS OF TALL
ANNUAL HERBS IN THE FAMILY
CANNABACCAE HAVING ERECT STEMS,
WITH 3 TO 7 ELONGATED LEAFLETS
AND PISTILLATE FLOWERS IN SPIKES
ALONG THE STEM. COMMONLY KNOWN
AS MARIJUANA OR SOMETIMES

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 REFERRED TO ON THE STREET AS GRASS
OR POT.
78. CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER – EFFECTIVE AGAINST
BURNING LIQUIDS AND FIRES IN LIVE
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT; USED MAINLY
TO PUT OUT CLASS C FIRES.
79. CARL WILHELM SCHEELE - HE
DEVISED IN 1773 A METHOD FOR
DETECTING ARSENOUS OXIDE, SIMPLE
ARSENIC, IN CORPSES.
80. CARNAPPING -  IS THE TAKING,
WITH INTENT TO GAIN, OF A
MOTORVEHICLE BELONGING TO
ANOTHER WITHOUT THE LATTER'S
CONSENT, OR BY MEANS OF VIOLENCE
AGAINST OR INTIMIDATION OF
PERSONS, OR BY USING FORCE UPON
THINGS. 
81. CASING ● IT LITERALLY MEANS
PUTTING A THING OR PLACE IN A CASE
82. CELLULOSE NITRATE OR NITRO
CELLULOSE - A HIGHLY COMBUSTIBLE
AND EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND PRODUCED

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 BY THE REACTION OF NITRIC ACID
WITH A CELLULOSE MATERIAL. 
83. CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTIC
(PYROXYLIN) - ANY PLASTIC
SUBSTANCE, MATERIALS OR
COMPOUND HAVING CELLULOSE
NITRATE AS BASE. 
84. CERTIFICATE OF EXEMPTION - IS
ISSUED TO EXEMPT PRODUCTS OR 
PREPARATIONS CONTAINING
DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES THAT ARE
BELOW AND ABOVE THE 30%
THRESHOLD FROM  CERTAIN
REGULATORY CONTROL MEASURES. 
85. CHAIN OF EVENTS – IS THE MAKING
UP OF ACCIDENT OR THE LINK WHICH
EXPLAINS THE OCCURRENCE OF THE
ACCIDENT AND ITS COMPONENTS ARE
PRESENT IN EVERY ACCIDENT. 
86. CHEMICAL ABUSE – IS AN INSTANCE
WHEN THE USE OF A CHEMICAL HAS
PRODUCED A NEGATIVE OR HARMFUL
CONSEQUENCE. 

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 87. CHEMICAL CONTRIVANCES — ACIDS,
PHOSPHORUS OR CALCIUM,
HYPOCHLORITE
88. CHEMICAL DIVERSION. — THE SALE,
DISTRIBUTION, SUPPLY OR TRANSPORT
OF LEGITIMATELY IMPORTED, IN-
TRANSIT, MANUFACTURED OR
PROCURED CONTROLLED PRECURSORS
AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS, IN
DILUTED, MIXTURES OR IN
CONCENTRATED FORM, TO ANY PERSON
OR ENTITY ENGAGED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ANY DANGEROUS
DRUG, AND SHALL INCLUDE
PACKAGING, REPACKAGING, LABELING,
RELABELING OR CONCEALMENT OF
SUCH TRANSACTION THROUGH FRAUD,
DESTRUCTION OF DOCUMENTS,
FRAUDULENT USE OF PERMITS,
MISDECLARATION, USE OF FRONT
COMPANIES OR MAIL FRAUD.
89. CHEMICAL FUELS, WHICH ARE
PRODUCED IN SOLID AND LIQUID FORM,
CREATE GREAT AMOUNTS OF HEAT AND
POWER.

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 90. CHEMICALS – IS ANY SUBSTANCE
TAKEN INTO THE BODY, WHICH ALTERS
THE WAY, THE MIND AND THE
BODYWORK. 
91. CHINESE WATER TORTURE -
INTERROGATION TECHNIQUE,
REPEATEDLY DRIPPING WATER ON THE
FOREHEAD OF THE SUSPECT. THE GOAL
IS TO DRIVE THE SUSPECT TO NEAR
INSANITY THEREBY OBTAINING A
CONFESSION.
92. CHRONIC - PERSISTENT,
PROLONGED, REPEATED. 
93. CHRONIC EFFECT - A PATHOLOGIC
PROCESS CAUSED BY REPEATED
EXPOSURES OVER A PERIOD OF LONG
DURATION. 
94. CHRONIC TOLERANCE - THE
GRADUAL DECREASE IN DEGREE OF
EFFECT PRODUCED AT THE SAME
BLOOD CONCENTRATION IN THE
COURSE OF REPEATED EXPOSURE TO
THAT DRUG. 
95. CIGARETTE BURNING - BURNING BY
ELECTRICALLY HEATED RODS, HOT OIL,

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 ACID; BY THE RUBBING OF PEPPER OR
OTHER CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ON
MUCOUS MEMBRANES, OR ACIDS OR
SPICES DIRECTLY ON THE WOUND(S)
96. CIPLAN — THE CONDUCT OF POLICE
OPERATION INVOLVING SENSATIONAL
CASES, HIGH PROFILE AND HEINOUS
CRIMES MUST BE COVERED BY CASE
INVESTIGATION PLAN.
97. CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE - ALSO
KNOWN AS INDIRECT EVIDENCE. IT IS
DISTINGUISHED FROM DIRECT
EVIDENCE, WHICH, IF BELIEVED,
PROVES THE EXISTENCE OF A
PARTICULAR FACT WITHOUT ANY
INFERENCE OR PRESUMPTION
REQUIRED. CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
RELATES TO A SERIES OF FACTS OTHER
THAN THE PARTICULAR FACT SOUGHT
TO BE PROVED.
98. CLANDESTINE LABORATORY. — ANY
FACILITY USED FOR THE ILLEGAL
MANUFACTURE OF ANY DANGEROUS
DRUG AND/OR CONTROLLED
PRECURSOR AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL.

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 99. CLANDESTINE OPERATION –
COVERT/DISCREET ● A SECRET ACTION
UNDERTAKEN IN BEHALF OF THE
GOVERNMENT OR OTHER FRIENDLY
FORCES.
100. CLARITY PROBE – USED TO ELICIT
INFORMATION IN AN AREA WHICH THE
RESPONSE IS NOT CLEAR.
101. CLASS A FIRE - FIRES INVOLVING
ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
SUCH AS WOOD, CLOTH, PAPER, RUBBER
AND MANY PLASTICS.
102. CLASS A FUELS – THEY ARE
ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
THAT ARE USUALLY MADE OF ORGANIC
SUBSTANCES SUCH AS WOOD AND
WOOD-BASED PRODUCTS.
103. CLASS B FIRES - FIRES INVOLVING
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GREASES AND
GASES.
104. CLASS B FUELS – MATERIALS THAT
ARE IN THE FORM OF FLAMMABLE
LIQUIDS SUCH AS ALCOHOL, ACIDIC
SOLUTIONS, OIL, LIQUID PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, ETC.

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 105. CLASS C FIRES - FIRES INVOLVING
ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. 
106. CLASS C FUELS – THEY ARE
NORMALLY FIRE RESISTANT
MATERIALS SUCH AS MATERIALS USED
ON ELECTRICAL WIRING AND OTHER
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES.
107. CLASS D FIRES - FIRES INVOLVING
COMBUSTIBLE METALS, SUCH AS 
MAGNESIUM, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM,
SODIUM AND POTASSIUM. 
108. CLASS D FUELS – THEY ARE
COMBUSTIBLE METALLIC SUBSTANCES
SUCH AS MAGNESIUM, TITANIUM,
ZIRCONIUM, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM.
109. CLASS K FIRES - CLASS K IS A NEW
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE AS OF 1998
AND INVOLVES FIRES IN COMBUSTIBLE
COOKING FUELS SUCH AS VEGETABLE
OR ANIMAL FATS.
110. COAL – A BLACK, COMBUSTIBLE,
MINERAL SOLID RESULTING FROM THE
PARTIAL DECOMPOSITION OF MATTER
UNDER VARYING DEGREES OF
TEMPERATURE.

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 111. COCAINE - IS A STIMULANT OF THE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND AN
APPETITE SUPPRESSANT, GIVING RISE
TO WHAT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS A
EUPHORIC SENSE OF HAPPINESS AND
INCREASED ENERGY.
112. COCAINE HYDROCHLORIC – IT IS AN
ODORLESS FINE WHITE CRYSTALLINE
THAT IS MOST READILY AVAILABLE
FORMED WHICH IS MEDICALLY USED
AS ANESTHETIC.
113. CODEINE - METHYLMORPHINE IS AN
OPIATE USED FOR ITS ANALGESIC, ANTI-
TUSSIVE AND ANTI-DIARRHEAL
PROPERTIES. IT IS MARKETED AS THE
SALT CODEINE SULFATE AND CODEINE
PHOSPHATE. IT IS ALSO OFTEN USED AS
RECREATIONAL DRUGS. 
114. COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION - IS A
DIMENSIONLESS SCALAR VALUE WHICH
DESCRIBES THE RATIO OF THE FORCE
OF FRICTION BETWEEN TWO BODIES
AND THE FORCE PRESSING THEM
TOGETHER. 

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 115. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW - THE
SUBJECT IS NOW ASKED TO NARRATE
HIS ACCOUNT WITHOUT
INTERRUPTION, INTERVENTION OR
INFERENCE.
116. COLLECTION- REFERS TO THE ACT
OF GATHERING THOSE IDENTIFIED
DATA OR FACTS, OR PHYSICAL THINGS
THAT ARE SIGNIFICANT TO THE CASE
UNDER INVESTIGATION.
117. COMBUSTIBLE FIBER - ANY READILY
IGNITABLE AND FREE BURNING FIBER
SUCH AS COTTON,OAKUM,RAGS,WASTE
CLOTH,WASTE
PAPER,KAPOK,HAY,STRAW, SPANISH
MOSS,EXCELSIOR,AND OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIALS COMMONLY USED IN
COMMERCE. 
118. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID - ANY LIQUID
HAVING A FLASH POINT AT OR ABOVE
37.8 DEGREES CELSIUS OR 100 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT. 
119. COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS AND
SUBSTANCES THE GASOLINE,

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 KEROSENE, ALCOHOL, PAINT, THINNER,
VARNISH AND OTHERS
120. COMBUSTIBLE/FLAMMABLE OR
INFLAMMABLE - DESCRIPTIVE OF
MATERIALS THAT ARE EASILY SET ON
FIRE. 
121. COMBUSTION - OR BURNING - IS THE
SEQUENCE OF EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL
REACTION BETWEEN FUEL AND AN
OXIDANT ACCOMPANIED BY THE 
PRODUCTION OF HEAT
AND CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL
SPECIES.THE RESULT OF THE HEAT CAN
RESULT IN THE FORM OF EITHER
GLOWING OR FLAME. 
122. COMBUSTION PROCESS IS BETTER
REPRESENTED BY THE FIRE
TETRAHEDRON.
123. COMMON INTEREST - HIS
PRELIMINARY PROBING QUESTIONS
SHOULD BE AIMED TO ESTABLISH
COMMON INTEREST BETWEEN HIM
AND THE SUBJECT.

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 124. COMPETITION PROBE –USED IN
CONNECTION WITH THE TEACHER-
PUPIL APPROACH.
125. COMPRESSED AIR CAR - IS AN
ALTERNATIVE FUEL CAR THAT USES A
MOTOR POWERED BY COMPRESSED AIR.
THE CAR CAN BE POWERED SOLELY BY
AIR, OR BY AIR COMBINED (AS IN A
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE) WITH
GASOLINE, DIESEL, ETHANOL, OR
ELECTRIC PLANT. 
126. COMPRESSED GAS – GAS IN WHICH
AT ALL NORMAL TEMPERATURE INSIDE
ITS CONTAINER; EXIST SOLELY IN THE
GASEOUS STATE UNDER PRESSURE.
127. COMPUTER CRIME-ANY CRIME
ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH SPECIAL
KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY
128. CONCEALED OBSERVATION –
STATIONARY OBSERVATION IN WHICH
THE OBSERVER IS NOT VISIBLE TO
PERSONS USING ORDINARY POWER OF
OBSERVATION FORM THE ROADWAY
BEING OBSERVED. 

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 129. CONCENTRATION - THE AMOUNT OF
A SUBSTANCE IN A STATED UNIT OF A
MIXTURE OR SOLUTION. COMMON
METHODS OF STATING
CONCENTRATION ARE PERCENT BY
WEIGHT,PERCENT BY VOLUME, OR
WEIGHT PER UNIT VOLUME. 
130. CONDUCT OF FINAL SURVEY — THE
TEAM LEADER MAKES A FINAL REVIEW
OF THE CRIME SCENE TO DETERMINE
WHETHER OR NOT THE PROCESSING
HAS BEEN COMPLETED.
131. CONDUCT OF INTERVIEW — THE
ASSIGNED INVESTIGATORS SHALL JOT
DOWN IMPORTANT FACTS FOR THE
FUTURE REFERENCE.
132. CONDUCTION - CONDUCTION IS THE
TRANSFER OF ENERGY THROUGH 
MATTER FROM PARTICLE TO PARTICLE.
HEAT MAY BE CONDUCTED FROM ONE
BODY TO ANOTHER BY DIRECT
CONTACT OF THE TWO BODIES OR  BY
AN INTERVENING HEAT-CONDUCTING
MEDIUM. 

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 133. CONDUCTIVE/CONDUCTION HEAT
TRANSFER - HEAT IS TRANSFERRED BY
DIRECT CONTACT AND THE RATE OF
TRANSFER IS DEPENDENT ON FACTORS
SUCH AS THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
OF THE MATERIAL AND THE
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE COOLER AND WARMER AREAS. 
134. CONFESSION - AN EXPRESS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY THE ACCUSED
IN A CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OF THE
TRUTH OF HIS GUILT AS TO THE
OFFENSE CHARGED, WHILE ADMISSION
REFERS TO STATEMENTS OF FACT NOT
DIRECTLY CONSTITUTING AN
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GUILT. 
135. CONFIRMATORY SIGNS — THESE
ARE USED TO CONFIRM THE DIRECTION
OF A ROAD. THEY SHALL BEAR THE
NAMES OF ONE OR MORE PLACES.
136. CONFIRMATORY TEST - SECOND
TEST BY AN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL
METHOD FOR UNAMBIGUOUS
IDENTIFICATION OF A DRUG OR
METABOLITE. 

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 137. CONSPICUOUS OBSERVATION –
STATIONARY OBSERVATION IN WHICH
 THE OBSERVER REMAINS IN FULL
REVIEW OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS.
138. CONTACT REFERS TO ANY PERSON
WHOM THE SUBJECT PICKS OR DEALS
WITH WHILE HE IS UNDER
SURVEILLANCE.
139. CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND
ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS. — INCLUDE
THOSE LISTED IN TABLES I AND II OF
THE 1988 UN CONVENTION AGAINST
ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS
AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES.
140. CONVECTION -  IS THE TRANSFER OF
HEAT BY THE ACTUAL MOVEMENT OF
THE WARMED MATTER. TRANSFER OF
HEAT BY THE MOVEMENT O AIR OR
LIQUID.
141. CONVECTIVE/CONVECTION HEAT
TRANSFER - TRANSFER OF HEAT
THROUGH PHYSICAL MOVEMENT OF
MATERIALS AND OCCURS ONLY IN
LIQUIDS AND GASES. HOT GASES RISE

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 AND SPREAD HEAT TO NEARBY
CEILINGS AND WALLS. 
142. CONVERSATIONAL TONE OF VOICE -
HIS TONE OF VOICE MUST BE
CONVERSATIONAL, NOT
CONFRONTATIONAL AS IN
INTERROGATION.
143. CONVEYANCE CRIME SCENE –
CONVEYANCE MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATION.
144. CONVOY IS AN ACCOMPLICE OR
ASSOCIATE OF THE SUBJECT.
145. CORPUS DELICTI - (LATIN FOR THE
BODY OF THE CRIME) - USED TO
DESCRIBE THE PHYSICAL OR MATERIAL
EVIDENCE THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN
COMMITTED. EX. CORPSE OF A MURDER
VICTIM.
146. CORROSIVE LIQUID - ANY LIQUID
WHICH CAUSES FIRE WHEN IN
CONTACT WITH ORGANIC MATTER OR
WITH CERTAIN CHEMICALS.
147. CORRUPTEE- A PUBLIC OFFICIALS,
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS OR
ANYBODY WHO NOT A MEMBER OF THE

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 ORGANIZATION WHO CAN HELPS THE
ORGANIZATION
148. CORRUPTER- THE ONE WHO
CORRUPTS OR BRIBES, INTIMIDATE OR
THREATENS, NEGOTIATE OR “SWEET
TALKS” INTO A RELATIONSHIP WITH
PUBLIC OFFICIALS, LAW ENFORCEMENT
OFFICER, OR ANYONE WHO WOULD BE
OF HELP IN OBTAINING SECURITY AND
IMMUNITY FROM POSSIBLE ARREST,
PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENTS
149. COURAGE IS THE MORAL
FORTITUDE TO TELL THE TRUTH NO
MATTER WHO WILL BE HURT.
150. COVER – ANY DEVICE UTILIZED
CONCEALS THE TRUE NATURE OF ITS
ACTS AND/OR EXISTENCE FROM THE
OBSERVER.
151. COVER STORY – A BIOGRAPHICAL
DATA WHICH WILL PORTRAY THE
PERSONALITY OF THE AGENT HE
ASSUMED.
152. . COVER SUPPORT –ASSIGNED IN
TARGET AREAS WITH THE PRIMARY

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 MISSION OF SUPPORTING THE COVER
STORY.
153. COVERT INVESTIGATION - IN
SECRET.
154. CRACK - CONCENTRATED FORM OF
COCAINE, WHICH IS USED IN VAPOR
FORM. IT IS SMOKED OR INHALED
THROUGH CRACK PIPES. IT IS A HIGHLY
ADDICTIVE DRUG THAT CAUSES
PSYCHOTIC BEHAVIOR, WHICH IS
OFTEN VIOLENT. 
155. CRIME - A GENERIC TERM
REFERRING TO MANY TYPES OF
MISCONDUCT FORBIDDEN BY LAW.
156. CRIME SCENE - THE GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA WHERE THE CRIME WAS
COMMITTED. 
157. CRIME SCENE PROCESSING - IT
INVOLVES THE BASIC CRIME SCENE
PROTOCOL WHICH INCLUDES
INTERVIEW OF COMPLAINANT AND
WITNESSES AND PHOTOGRAPHING THE
CRIME SCENE, MAKING A SKETCH,
COLLECTION OF EVIDENCES FOR

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 LABORATORY EXAMINATION AND
ANALYSIS.
158. CRIME SCENE SKETCH- DEPICTS THE
OVERALL LAYOUT OF A LOCATION AND
THE RELATIONSHIP OF EVIDENTIARY
ITEMS TO THE SURROUNDINGS. 
159. CRIMINAL - A PERSON WHO IS
CONVICTED BY FINAL JUDGMENT. 
160. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION - THE
COLLECTION OF FACTS IN ORDER TO
ACCOMPLISH THE THREE-FOLD AIMS –
TO IDENTIFY THE GUILTY PARTY, TO
LOCATE THE GUILTY PARTY AND TO
PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF HIS (SUSPECT)
GUILT.
161. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR - A WELL-
TRAINED, DISCIPLINED AND
EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONAL IN THE
FIELD OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION. 
162. CRIMINAL LAW - ONE THAT
DEFINES CRIMES OF THEIR NATURE
AND PROVIDES FOR THEIR
PUNISHMENT.
163. CRIMINALIST - THE OFFICER
RESPONSIBLE FOR RECORDING A CRIME

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 SCENE AND RECOGNIZING AND
PRESERVING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. 
164. CROSSWALKS - ARE DESIGNED TO
KEEP PEDESTRIANS TOGETHER WHERE
THEY CAN BE SEEN BY MOTORISTS, AND
WHERE THEY CAN CROSS MOST SAFELY
ACROSS THE FLOW OF VEHICULAR
TRAFFIC.
165. CRYOGENIC - DESCRIPTIVE OF ANY
MATERIAL WHICH BY ITS NATURE OR
AS A RESULT OF ITS REACTION WITH
OTHER ELEMENTS PRODUCES A RAPID
DROP IN TEMPERATURE OF THE
IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS. 
166. CRYOGENIC GAS – A LIQUEFIED GAS
WHICH EXIST IN ITS CONTAINER AT
TEMPERATURE FAR BELOW NORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE,
USUALLY SLIGHTLY ABOVE ITS BOILING
POINT AND CORRESPONDINGLY LOW
TO MODERATE PRESSURE.
167. CULTIST INDOCTRINATION - SOME
CULTS OR RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS
EXERCISE RELIGIOUS OR MORAL

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 INFLUENCE ON THE DECISION OF
WITNESSES TO TESTIFY.
168. CULTIVATE OR CULTURE. — ANY
ACT OF KNOWINGLY PLANTING,
GROWING, RAISING, OR PERMITTING
THE PLANTING, GROWING OR RAISING
OF ANY PLANT WHICH IS THE SOURCE
OF A DANGEROUS DRUG.
169. CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING AND A
WIDE RANGE OF INTEREST ● AN
AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING OF
CULTURES DIFFERENT FROM THE
INVESTIGATOR’S OWN CAN BE OF
GREAT ADVANTAGE.
170. CURIOSITY IS THE DESIRE TO LEARN
BY BEING INQUISITIVE.
171. CURTAIN BOARD - A VERTICAL
PANEL OF NON-COMBUSTIBLE OR FIRE
RESISTIVE MATERIALS ATTACHED TO
AND EXTENDING BELOW THE BOTTOM
CHORD OF THE ROOF TRUSSES, TO
DIVIDE THE UNDERSIDE OF THE ROOF
INTO SEPARATE COMPARTMENTS SO
THAT HEAT AND SMOKE WILL BE
DIRECTED UPWARDS TO A ROOF VENT. 

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 172. CURVE MARKINGS – ARE USED TO
SHOW WHERE PARKING IS LEGALLY
PROHIBITED OR NOT ALLOWED, SUCH
BUS STOP, OR IN FRONT OF A FIRE
HYDRANT, DRIVE WAY. .
173. CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION -
INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED BY LAW
ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS AFTER A
PERSON HAS BEEN ARRESTED OR
DEPRIVED OF HIS FREEDOM OF ACTION.
174. CUT-OFF CONCENTRATION -
CONCENTRATION OF A DRUG IN A
SPECIMEN OR SAMPLE USED TO
DETERMINE WHETHER THE SPECIMEN
OR SAMPLE IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE
OR NEGATIVE. 
175. DAMPER -  A NORMALLY OPEN
DEVICE  INSTALLED INSIDE AN AIR
DUCT SYSTEM WHICH AUTOMATICALLY
CLOSES TO RESTRICT THE PASSAGE OF
SMOKE OR FIRE. 
176. DANGER WARNING SIGNS — THESE
SIGNS ARE INTENDED TO WARN ROAD
USERS OF DANGER THAT LIES AHEAD
OF ITS NATURE.

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 177. DANGEROUS DRUG – BROAD
CATEGORIES OF CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCES ARE PHARMACOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION, EFFECT AND LEGAL
CRITERIA OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO
LEGAL CATEGORIES
178. DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972 -
MARKED THE GOVERNMENT
ASSURANCE TO STRICT POLICY AGAINST
DRUG ABUSE. THE ACT WAS
SUBSEQUENTLY AMENDED THROUGH
PRESIDENTIAL DEGREE NO. 44.
DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD WAS
CREATED TO IMPLEMENT THE
PROVISIONS OF THE DANGEROUS DRUG
ACT AS THE NATIONAL POLICY MAKING
BODY AND DEAL WITH OTHER RELATED
MATTERS ON DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
AND CONTROL. 

179. DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD - IS THE

POLICY MAKING AND STRATEGY-
FORMULATING BODY, UNDER THE
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, IN THE
PLANNING AND FORMULATION OF

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 POLICIES AND PROGRAMS ON DRUG
PREVENTION AND CONTROL. 

180. DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD

CERTIFICATION - IS ISSUED TO ATTEST
THAT SUBSTANCE/S MANUFACTURED
OR IMPORTED BY COMPANIES ARE NOT
INCLUDED IN THE LIST OF DANGEROUS
DRUGS AND CONTROLLED PRECURSORS
AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS. 

181. DDB-DIAL - (DDB DRUG

INFORMATION ACTION LINE) IS AN
ACTION CENTER CREATED TO RECEIVE
REPORTS AND COMPLAINTS RELATED
TO DRUG ABUSE AS WELL AS TO
PROVIDE RELEVANT INFORMATION
AND ASSISTANCE TO THE PUBLIC
182. DEATH — DEFINED AS THE ABSENCE
OF LIFE IN A LIVING MATTER.
183. DEBRIEFING IS THE
INTERROGATION OF A FRIENDLY
INTERROGEE WHO HAS INFORMATION

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 AT THE DIRECTION OF OR UNDER THE
CONTROL OF FRIENDLY
UNINTELLIGENCE SERVICE.
184. DECEITFUL WITNESS - THESE ARE
LIAR TYPE OF WITNESSES. LET THEM
LIE AND ORDER THEM TO REPEAT
SEVERAL TIMES THEIR NARRATIONS.
THEY WILL BE ENMESHED IN
CONTRADICTIONS.
185. DECOY OPERATIONS ARE OF
BLENDING AND DECOY TYPES TO CATCH
CRIMINALS IN FLAGRANTE DELICTO.
186. DEDUCTIVE-JUDGMENT IS ONE YOU
DECIDE IS THE ANSWER OF THE CASE,
AND WHICH YOU THEN ATTEMPT TO
PROVE WITH A COLLECTION OF FACTS. 

187. DEFENSIVE DRIVING – IS AN ACT OF

DRIVING WHILE PREVENTING
ACCIDENTS DESPITE OF THE WRONG
ACTIONS OF OTHERS AGGRAVATED BY
THE EXISTENCE OF ADVERSE DRIVING
CONDITIONS
188. DELIVER. — ANY ACT OF
KNOWINGLY PASSING A DANGEROUS

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 DRUG TO ANOTHER, PERSONALLY OR
OTHERWISE, AND BY ANY MEANS, WITH
OR WITHOUT CONSIDERATION.
189. DELUSIONAL LIARS — THOSE WHO
LIES TO THEMSELVES ABOUT FACTS

190. DEMAND REDUCTION STRATEGY -

REFERS TO THE CONCEPT OF KEEPING
THE  POTENTIAL USERS AWAYFROM
DRUGS.
191. DEMORALIZED LIARS — THE TYPE
OF PEOPLE WHO LIES THEMSELVES
ABOUT THE VALUES
192. DEN, DIVE OR RESORT. — A PLACE
WHERE ANY DANGEROUS DRUG AND/OR
CONTROLLED PRECURSOR AND
ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL IS
ADMINISTERED, DELIVERED, STORED
FOR ILLEGAL PURPOSES, DISTRIBUTED,
SOLD OR USED IN ANY FORM.
193. DEPENDENCY - IS THE STATE OF
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEPENDENCE, OR BOTH, ON A
DANGEROUS DRUG, OR DRUGS,
EXPERIENCED BY A PERSON

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 FOLLOWING THE USE OF THAT
SUBSTANCE ON A PERIODIC OR
CONTINUOUS BASIS.
194. DEPOSITION - IN CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION,IS A FORMAL WRITTEN
STATEMENT, MADE FOR EXAMPLE BY A
WITNESS TO A CRIME OR BY THE
PERPETRATOR OF A CRIME.

195. DEPRESSANT - "DOWNERS" - A DRUG

REDUCING FUNCTIONAL OR NERVOUS
ACTIVITY. LOWER THE LEVEL OF
AROUSAL WHEN TAKEN. 
196. DEPRESSANTS - THEY ARE DRUGS
THAT AFFECTS THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSING IT TO
RELAX.
197. DESCRIPTION IS THE FACTUAL
REPORTING OF WHAT IS OBSERVED.

198. DESIGNER DRUGS - DRUGS THAT ARE

PRODUCED ILLICITLY BY MEANS OF
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY.THEY CAN
CAUSE UNCONTROLLABLE TREMORS,
CHILLS, OR SWEATING AND FAINTNESS

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 AND PARANOIA WHEN INJECTED OR
TAKEN IN PILL FORM. 
199. DETAILED SEARCH - THE SEARCH
FOR PHYSICAL EVIDENCE IS DONE
DURING USING THE ACCEPTED
METHODS OF SEARCH DEPENDING
UPON THE ACTUAL LOCATION TO BE
SEARCHED.
200. DETECTION - WHOLLY A TRAFFIC
LAW ENFORCER’S RESPONSIBILITY AND
ENTAILS IN LOOKING FOR THE DEFECTS
IN THE BEHAVIOR OF MOTORIST,
PEDESTRIANS, VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT,
AND ROADWAY CONDITION.

201. DIAZEPAM - (VALIUM) THE SECOND

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE TO HAVE
BEEN APPROVED FOR HUMAN USAGE
HAS BEEN ONE OF THE MOST
FREQUENTLY PRESCRIBED DRUGS IN
THE UNITED STATES. IT IS
ADMINISTERED AS AN ANTIANXIETY
AGENT,MUSCLE RELAXANT, OR
ANTICONVULSANT. 

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 202. DIELECTRIC HEATING - THE
HEATING THAT RESULTS FROM THE
ACTION  OF EITHER PULSATING DIRECT
CURRENT, OR ALTERNATING
CURRENT AT HIGH FREQUENCY ON A
NON-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL. 
203. DIFFUSION FLAME – IS OBSERVED
WHEN GAS (FUEL) ALONE IS FORCED
THROUGH A NOZZLE INTO THE
ATMOSPHERE WHICH DIFFUSE IN THE
SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE IN ORDER
TO FORM A FLAMMABLE MIXTURE.
204. DIRECT – THE SUBJECT IS AWARE
BUT HE MAY NOT LEARN THE TRUE
OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERROGATION.

205. DIRECT CAUSES – THE DIRECT

CAUSES OF AN ACCIDENT
ARE OBSERVABLE BY WITNESS AND
PARTICIPANTS, OR MAY BE
CONSTRUCTED FROM PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE FOUND AT THE SCENE. 
206. DIRECTION SIGNS — UNLIKE THE
ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS, DIRECTION
SIGNS SHALL BE PLACED AT THE RIGHT

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 OF INTERSECTION TO SHOW THE
DIRECTION AND DESTINATION OF A
ROUTE.
207. DISINTERESTED TYPE — THIS IS THE
UNCOOPERATIVE AND INDIFFERENT
SUBJECT. THEIR INDIFFERENCE SHOULD
BE DEMOLISHED TO AROUSE THEIR
INTEREST OR BE FLATTERED.
208. DISMISSAL OF INFORMANTS ● THE
HANDLER SHOULD AVOID
ANTAGONIZING THE INFORMANT.
209. DISPENSE. — ANY ACT OF GIVING
AWAY, SELLING OR DISTRIBUTING
MEDICINE OR ANY DANGEROUS DRUG
WITH OR WITHOUT THE USE OF
PRESCRIPTION.
210. DISTILLATION - THE PROCESS OF
FIRST RAISING  THE TEMPERATURE TO
SEPARATE THE MORE VOLATILE FROM
THE LESS VOLATILE PARTS AND THEN
COOLING AND CONDENSING THE
RESULTING VAPOR SO AS TO PRODUCE
AS NEARLY PURIFIED SUBSTANCE.

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 211. DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)

212. DNA FINGERPRINTING - IS A TEST TO

IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE THE GENETIC
INFORMATION, CALLED DNA
(DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID), OF A
PERSON'S CELLS.

213. DNA PROFILING - (ALSO CALLED

DNA TESTING, DNA TYPING, OR
GENETIC FINGERPRINTING) IS A
TECHNIQUE EMPLOYED BY FORENSIC
SCIENTISTS TO ASSIST IN THE
IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALS BY
THEIR RESPECTIVE DNA PROFILES. 

214. DOCUMENTATION OF THE CRIME

SCENE — THE PHOTOGRAPHER BEGINS
TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE.

215. DOUBLE STRIP SEARCH METHOD -

MODIFICATION OF THE STRIP SEARCH
METHOD. THE RECTANGLE IS
TRAVERSED FIRST PARALLEL TO THE

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 BASE THEN PARALLEL TO A SIDE.

216. DOUBLE YELLOW LINE – INDICATES

TWO WAY TRAFFIC; WERE CROSSING OF
PEDESTRIAN AND MOTORIST IS NOT
ALLOWED. IT SEPARATES THE
OPPOSING FLOW OF TRAFFIC.

217. DRAMA – THE WEAKEST LINK USED

TO FAKE PAIN AND THE AGONY BY
ORDERING HIM TO SHOUT,
ACCOMPANIED BY BANGING A CHAIR
ON THE WALL TO MAKE IT APPEAR
THAT A COMMOTION IS GOING ON.

218. DROP IS A CONVENIENT, SECURED,

AND UNSUSPECTING PLACE WHERE
AGENTS CAN LEAVE NOTES, SMALL
PACKAGE OR ENVELOPE.

219. DRUG - ANY NATURAL OR

SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCE THAT IS
ADMINISTERED TO PRODUCE SPECIFIC
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL

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 EFFECTS. 

220. DRUG ABUSE - THE NONMEDICINAL

USE OF A DRUG IN A MANNER THAT IS
NOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE. 

221. DRUG ADDICTION – A STATE OF

PERIODIC OR CHRONIC (CONTINUOUS)
INTOXICATION (DRUNK) DETRIMENTAL
TO INDIVIDUAL AND TO THE SOCIETY
PRODUCED BY THE REPEATED
CONSUMPTION OF DRUGS. 

222. DRUG DEPENDENCE-DESCRIBES THE

STATE WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL IS
DEPENDENT UPON THE DRUG FOR
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL
FUNCTIONING. 

223. DRUG EXPERIMENTER - ONE WHO

ILLEGALLY, WRONGFULLY, OR
IMPROPERLY USES ANY NARCOTICS
SUBSTANCES, MARIJUANA OR
DANGEROUS DRUGS AS DEFINED NOT

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 MORE THAN A FEW TIMES FOR
REASONS OF CURIOSITY, PEER
PRESSURE OR OTHER SIMILAR
REASONS. 

224. DRUG REHABILITATION – IT IS THE

TERM USED FOR THE PROCESSES OF
MEDICAL OR PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC
TREATMENT OF A PERSON.

225. DRUG SYNDICATE - IT IS A NETWORK

OF EVIL. IT IS OPERATED AND MANNED
BY WILLFUL CRIMINALS WHO
KNOWINGLY TRAFFIC  HUMAN LIVES
FOR THE MONEY. LARGE SUM OF
MONEY, THEY CAN MAKE IN THEIR
ILLEGAL AND NEFARIOUS TRADE.

226. DRUG TRADE- FROM THE FARMERS

TO THE PRODUCERS, THE SMUGGLERS,
THE STREET DEALERS, AND THE USERS,
THE DRUG TRADE IS DEEPLY ROOTED IN
THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.

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 227. DRUG TRAFFICKING -REFERS TO THE
ILLEGAL PROCESS THROUGH WHICH
NARCOTICS AND OTHER ILLEGAL
DRUGS ARE PRODUCED, TRANSPORTED,
AND SOLD.

228. DRUGS - ARE CHEMICALS THAT

AFFECT A PERSON IN SUCH A WAY AS
TO BRING ABOUT PHYSIOLOGICAL,
EMOTIONAL, OR BEHAVIORAL
CHANGE. 
229. DRUNKEN TYPE - THE STYLE OF
QUESTIONING BY THE INVESTIGATOR
SHOULD BE ADAPTED TO THE
PSYCHOLOGY OF THE SUBJECT.
230. DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER –
THOSE THAT CONTAIN CHEMICAL
POWDER INTENDED TO FIGHT ALL
CLASSES OF FIRES.
231. DRY CHEMICALS AND HALONS -
METHOD OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT,
INTERRUPT THE FLAME PRODUCING
CHEMICAL REACTION, RESULTING IN
RAPID EXTINGUISHMENT. 

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 232. DUCT SYSTEM -  A CONTINUOUS
PASSAGEWAY FOR THE TRANSMISSION
OF AIR. 
233. DUPLICITOUS LIARS — THOSE
WHO LIES OTHERS ABOUT THEIR
VALUES, IT IS ALSO CALLED “TWO-
FACED” LIAR.
234. DUST - A FINELY POWDERED
SUBSTANCE WHICH WHEN MIXED WITH
AIR IN THE PROPER PROPORTION AND
IGNITED WILL CAUSE AN EXPLOSION. 

235. FIELD INQUIRY — IT IS THE

GENERAL QUESTIONING OF ALL
PERSONS AT THE CRIME SCENE
CONDUCTED BY THE INVESTIGATOR.

236. EARLY CAUSE OF AN ACCIDENT - IS

AN ACT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART
OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR AN
ORGANIZATION WHICH CAUSES OR
PERMITS A MEDIATE CAUSE TO EXIST. 

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 237. EARLY TECHNIQUES OF CRIME
INVESTIGATION — ARCHIMEDES (287–
212 BC) INVENTED A METHOD FOR
DETERMINING THE VOLUME OF AN
OBJECT WITH AN IRREGULAR SHAPE.

238. EAVESDROPPING - IS SECRETLY OR

STEALTHILY LISTENING TO THE
PRIVATE CONVERSATION OF OTHERS
WITHOUT THEIR CONSENT.

239. ECONOMIC CRIME- ANY ACT

CHARACTERIZED BY FRAUD,
CONCEALMENT, OR A VIOLATION OF
TRUST AND ARE NOT DEPENDENT UPON
THE APPLICATION OR THREAT OF
PHYSICAL FORCE OR VIOLENCE

240. ELECTRICAL ARC - AN EXTREMELY

HOT LUMINOUS BRIDGE FORMED BY
PASSAGE OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
ACROSS A SPACE BETWEEN TWO
CONDUCTORS OR TERMINALS DUE TO

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 THE INCANDESCENCE OF THE
CONDUCTING VAPOR. 
241. ELECTRONIC DATA MESSAGE —
REFERS TO THE INFORMATION
GENERATED SENT, RECEIVED OR
STORED BY ELECTRONIC, OPTICAL OR
SIMILAR MEANS
242. ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT REFERS TO
INFORMATION OR THE
REPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION,
DATA, FIGURES, SYMBOLS OR OTHER
MODES OF WRITTEN EXPRESSION THAT
CAN BE RECORDED ELECTRONICALLY.

243. ELECTRONIC KEY REFERS TO THE

SECRET CODE WHICH SECURES AND
DEFEND SENSITIVE INFORMATION
THAT CROSS OVER PUBLIC CHANNELS
INTO A FORM DECIPHERABLE ONLY
WITH A MATCHING ELECTRONIC KEY.
244. ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE REFERS TO
ANY DISTINCTIVE MARK,
CHARACTERISTIC OR SOUND IN
ELECTRONIC FORM REPRESENTING THE
IDENTITY OF A PERSON.

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 245. ELEVATION SKETCH – PORTRAYS A
VERTICAL PLANE RATHER THAN A
HORIZONTAL PLANE.
246. ELICITATION ● OBTAIN
INFORMATION THROUGH THE PROCESS
OF DIRECT COMMUNICATION.

247. EMBER - A HOT PIECE OR LUMP

THAT REMAINS AFTER A MATERIAL HAS
PARTIALLY BURNED AND IS STILL
OXIDIZING WITHOUT THE
MANIFESTATION OF FLAMES. 
248. EMOTIONAL APPEAL – THIS IS A
TECHNIQUE WHERE THE
INVESTIGATOR, COMBINING HIS SKILLS
IN OF AN ACTOR AND A PSYCHOLOGIST,
ADDRESSES THE SUSPECT WITH AN
EMOTIONAL APPEAL TO CONFESS.
249. EMPLOYEE OF DEN, DIVE OR
RESORT. — THE CARETAKER, HELPER,
WATCHMAN, LOOKOUT, AND OTHER
PERSONS WORKING IN THE DEN, DIVE
OR RESORT, EMPLOYED BY THE
MAINTAINER, OWNER AND/OR
OPERATOR WHERE ANY DANGEROUS

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 DRUG AND/OR CONTROLLED
PRECURSOR AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL
IS ADMINISTERED, DELIVERED,
DISTRIBUTED, SOLD OR USED, WITH OR
WITHOUT COMPENSATION, IN
CONNECTION WITH THE OPERATION
THEREOF.

250. ENABLING - IS ANY ACTION TAKEN

BY A CONCERNED PERSON THAT
REMOVES OR SOFTENS THE NEGATIVE
EFFECT OR HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES
OF DRUG USE UPON THE USER.

251. ENDOTHERMIC HEAT REACTION - A

CHEMICAL REACTION WHERE A
SUBSTANCE ABSORBS HEAT ENERGY. 

252. ENDURANCE IS THE ABILITY TO

LAST PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY.

253. ENFORCER- THE ONE WHO MAKES

FOR THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE

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 KILLING (INJURING OR CARRYING OUT
THE TASK PHYSICALLY, ECONOMICALLY
OR PSYCHOLOGICALLY) THE MEMBERS
OR NON MEMBERS
254. ENGLISH CONSTABLE - EARLY
RECORDED PROFESSIONAL CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATOR.
255. ENTRY – THIS IS THE PROCESS OF
ACCESSING THE BURNING STRUCTURE.
ENTRY MAYBE DONE IN A FORCIBLE
MANNER.

256. ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME-THE

DELIBERATE EVASION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND
REGULATIONS BY INDIVIDUALS AND
COMPANIES IN THE PURSUIT OF
“PERSONAL INTEREST AND BENEFIT.”

257. EVALUATION- THE PROCESS OF

DETERMINING THE PROBATIVE VALUE
OF THE EVIDENCE.

258. EVIDENCE -  THE MEANS BY WHICH

FACTS ARE PROVED.

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 259. EXECUTION OF WARRANT — THE
HEAD OF THE OFFICE TO WHICH THE
WARRANT OF ARREST HAS BEEN
DELIVERED FOR EXECUTION SHALL
CAUSE THE WARRANT TO BE EXECUTED
WITHIN TEN (10) DAYS FROM RECEIPT.

260. EXOTHERMIC HEAT REACTION - A

CHEMICAL REACTION WHERE A
SUBSTANCE GIVES OFF HEAT ENERGY. 

261. EXPLODED VIEW OR CROSS-

PROJECTION SKETCH – CONSISTS OF
ACOMBINATION OF THE FIRST TWO
SKETCHES. IT IS SIMILAR TO A FLOOR
PLAN EXCEPT THE WALLS HAVE BEEN
LAID OUT FLAT AND OBJECTS ON THEM
HAVE BEEN SHOWN IN THEIR RELATIVE
POSITIONS

262. EXPLOSIVE COMBUSTION - CAN

OCCUR WHEN VAPORS, DUST OF GASES,

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 PREMIXED WITH APPROPRIATE
AMOUNT OF AIR ARE IGNITED.  
263. EXTRA-JUDICIAL CONFESSION –
THOSE MADE BY THE SUSPECT DURING
CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION.

264. FACILITY BASED/TREATMENT BASED

DATA - ARE DATA GATHERED FROM THE
RESIDENTIAL AND OUT-PATIENT
TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION
CENTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES. 

265. FAHRENHEIT - ON THE FAHRENHEIT

SCALE, 32 DEGREES IS THE MELTING
POINT OF ICE; 212 DEGREES IS THE
BOILING POINT OF WATER. 
266. FAMILY RESTRICTION - SOME
FAMOUS AND RESPECTED FAMILIES
PRESERVE THEIR REPUTATIONS BY
INSTILLING TO THEIR MEMBERS THE
NEED OF APPROVAL OF THEIR ELDERS
ON MATTERS AFFECTING THEIR
FAMILIES.

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 267. FEAR OF REPRISAL - IT IS ALWAYS
ENTERTAINED BY WITNESSES WHO
LACK THE COURAGE TO FACE THE
SUSPECT, HIS COMPANY OR RELATIVES.

268. FEIGNING CONTACT WITH FAMILY

MEMBERS – THE SUSPECT COULD BE
TRICKED THAT THE INVESTIGATOR HAD
GONE TO THE RESIDENCE AND THE
FAMILY MEMBERS HAD SUPPLIED
FACTS AGAINST THE SUSPECT.
269. FEIGNING PROTECTION AND
CONSIDERATION – THE INVESTIGATOR
ASKS SERIES OF QUESTIONS APPEARING
TO BE FORMALITIES WITH THE
IMPRESSION THAT HE KNOWS THE
ANSWERS.

270. FELONY - A HIGHER LEVEL CRIME

USUALLY PUNISHABLE BY MORE THAN
ONE YEAR IN PRISON.
271. FINANCIER. — ANY PERSON WHO
PAYS FOR, RAISES OR SUPPLIES MONEY
FOR, OR UNDERWRITES ANY OF THE

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 ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES PRESCRIBED
UNDER THIS ACT.
272. FINISHED SKETCH — FOR
COURTROOM PRESENTATION, SCALE
AND PROPORTION ARE STRICTLY
OBSERVED.
273. FINISHES - MATERIALS USED AS
FINAL COATING OF A SURFACE FOR
ORNAMENTAL OR PROTECTIVE
PURPOSES.

274. FIRE - THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF

BURNING CHARACTERIZED BY THE
HEAT AND LIGHT OF COMBUSTION. 

275. FIRE ALARM - ANY VISUAL OR

AUDIBLE SIGNAL PRODUCED BY A
DEVICE OR SYSTEM TO WARM THE
OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING OR FIRE
FIGHTING ELEMENTS OF THE PRESENCE
OR DANGER OF FIRE TO ENABLE THEM
TO UNDERTAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION TO
SAVE LIFE AND PROPERTY AND TO

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 SUPPRESS THE FIRE. 

276. FIRE ANALYSIS - THE PROCESS OF

DETERMINING THE ORIGIN, CAUSE AND
RESPONSIBILITY  AS WELL AS THE
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF FIRE OR
EXPLOSION. 
277. FIRE CAUSE - THE CIRCUMSTANCES
OR AGENCIES THAT BRING A FUEL AND
AN IGNITION SOURCE TOGETHER WITH
PROPER AIR OR OXYGEN.

278. FIRE DOOR - A FIRE RESTRICTIVE

DOOR PRESCRIBED FOR OPENINGS IN
FIRE SEPARATION WALLS OR
PARTITIONS. 

279. FIRE HAZARD - ANY CONDITION OR

ACT WHICH INCREASES OR MAY CAUSE
AN INCREASE IN THE PROBABILITY OF
THE OCCURRENCE OF FIRE OR WHICH
MAY OBSTRUCT,DELAY,HINDER OR
INTERFERE WITH FIREFIGHTING
OPERATIONS AND THE SAFEGUARDING

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 OF LIFE AND PROPERTY. 

280. FIRE LANE - THE PORTION OF A

ROADWAY OR PUBLIC WAY THAT
SHOULD BE KEPT OPENED AND
UNOBSTRUCTED AT ALL TIMES FOR THE
EXPEDIENT OPERATION OF FIRE
FIGHTING UNITS. 

281. FIRE NATIONAL TRAINING

INSTITUTE - (FNTI) THE INSTITUTION
FOR TRAINING ON HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT OF ALL PERSONNEL OF
THE BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
(BFP). 

282. FIRE POINT - THE TEMPERATURE AT

WHICH A LIQUID FUEL WILL PRODUCE
VAPORS SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT
COMBUSTION ONCE IGNITED.  THE FIRE
POINT IS USUALLY A FEW DEGREES
ABOVE THE FLASH POINT. 

283. FIRE TRIANGLE — CONSISTS OF

HEAT OXYGEN AND FUEL.

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 284. FIRE PREVENTION IS A TERM FOR
THE MANY SAFETY MEASURES USED TO
KEEP HARMFUL FIRES FROM STARTING.

285. FIRE PROTECTIVE AND FIRE SAFETY

DEVICE - ANY DEVICE INTENDED FOR
THE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS OR
PERSONS TO INCLUDE BUT NOT
LIMITED TO BUILT IN PROTECTION
SYSTEM SUCH AS SPRINKLERS AND
OTHER AUTOMATIC EXTINGUISHING
SYSTEM,DETECTORS FOR HEAT,SMOKE
AND COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND
OTHER WARNING SYSTEM
COMPONENTS,PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT SUCH AS FIRE
BLANKETS,HELMETS,FIRE
SUITS,GLOBES AND OTHER GARMENTS
THAT MAY BE PUT ON OR WORN BY
PERSONS TO PROTECT THEMSELVES
DURING FIRE. 

286. FIRE SAFETY CONSTRUCTIONS -

REFERS TO DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
OF WALLS, BARRIERS, DOORS,

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 WINDOWS, VENTS, MEANS OF EGRESS,
ETC. INTEGRAL TO AND INCORPORATED
INTO A BUILDING OR STRUCTURE IN
ORDER TO MINIMIZE DANGER TO LIFE
FROM FIRE, SMOKE, FUMES OR PANIC
BEFORE THE BUILDING IS EVACUATED

287. FIRE SPREAD - THE MOVEMENT OF

FIRE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER. 

288. FIRE TETRAHEDRON IS USEFUL IN

ILLUSTRATING AND REMEMBERING
THE COMBUSTION PROCESS BECAUSE IT
HAS ROOM FOR THE CHAIN REACTION
AND BECAUSE EACH FACE TOUCHES
THE OTHER THREE FACES.

289. FIRE TRAP - A BUILDING UNSAFE IN

CASE OF FIRE BECAUSE IT WILL BURN
EASILY OR BECAUSE IT LACKS
ADEQUATE EXITS OR FIRE ESCAPES. 

290. FIREARMS- INCLUDES HANDGUNS,

REVOLVERS, PISTOLS, RIFLES, MUSKETS,

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 CARBINES, SHOTGUNS, CANNONS AND
ALL OTHER DEADLY WEAPONS FROM
WHICH A BULLET, BALL, SHOT, SHALL
OR OTHER MISSILE MAY BE
DISCHARGED BY MEANS OF
GUNPOWDER OR OTHER EXPLOSIVE.

291. FIREARMS TRAFFICKING-REFERS TO

THE ACT OF ANY PERSON WHO,
THROUGH THE USE OF ANY
FRAUDULENT MACHINATIONS,SHALL
IMPORT OR BRING INTO, OR EXPORT
FROM, THE PHILIPPINES, OR ASSIST IN
SO DOING, ANYFIREARM OR PARTS
THEREOF, EXPLOSIVE OR AMMUNITION
OR MACHINE, IMPLEMENTS,
EQUIPMENTSOR TOOLS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF FIREARMS.

292. FIRST RESPONDER - ANY POLICE

OFFICER WHO FIRST ARRIVES AT THE
CRIME SCENE AND SHALL ENDEAVOUR
TO PROTECT AND SECURE THE SAME

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 293. FLAME - A GAS-PHASED
COMBUSTION. 
294. FLAME POINT - THE
LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT
WHICH LIQUID FUEL PRODUCES
A FLAMMABLE VAPOR IN SUFFICIENT
QUANTITY SUCH THAT IF A SOURCE OF
IGNITION IS INTRODUCED, THE VAPOR
WILL IGNITE AND IS USUALLY A FEW
DEGREES ABOVE THE FLASH POINT.

295. FLAMING COMBUSTION . —

COMMONLY RECOGNIZED TYPE OF FIRE
AND OCCURS WITH GASEOUS FUEL
SOURCES ONLY. THE COLOR OF THE
FLAME CAN GIVE SOME INDICATION OF
THE COMPOSITION OF THE FUEL. 

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 296. FLAMMABLE OR EXPLOSIVE LIMIT -
THE PERCENTAGE OF A SUBSTANCE IN
AIR THAT WILL BURN ONCE IT IS
IGNITED.  MOST SUBSTANCES HAVE AN
UPPER (TOO RICH) AND A LOWER (TOO
LEAN) FLAMMABLE LIMIT. 

297. FLASH FIRE - A FIRE THAT SPREADS

WITH EXTREME RAPIDITY SUCH AS THE
ONE THAT RACES OVER DUST, OVER
THE SURFACE OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
OR THROUGH GASES. 

298. FLASH POINT - THE LOWEST

TEMPERATURE AT WHICH LIQUID FUEL
PRODUCES A FLAMMABLE VAPOR.   

299. FLASHOVER - AN INSTANCE OF A

FIRE SPREADING VERY RAPIDLY ACROSS
A GAP BECAUSE OF INTENSE HEAT.
OCCURS WHEN A ROOM OR OTHER
AREA BECOMES HEATED TO THE POINT

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 WHERE FLAMES FLASH OVER THE
ENTIRE SURFACE OR AREA. 
300. FLATTERY – PEOPLE ARE
SUSCEPTIBLE TO PRAISE.
301. FOLLOW UP INTERVIEW-
ADDITIONAL INTERVIEW IN ADDITION
TO VITALPOINTS IF NECESSARY.

302. FOLLOW-UP OF CASE — THE

INVESTIGATOR SHALL CONDUCT
POLICE OPERATION TO IDENTIFY AND
APPREHEND SUSPECT/S BASED ON THE
RESULTS.
303. FORCE MAJURE – IS AN INEVITABLE
ACCIDENT OR CASUALTY, AN ACCIDENT
PRODUCED BY ANY PHYSICAL CAUSE
WHICH IS IRRESISTIBLE.
304. FORCEFUL PERSONALITY — THE
APPEARANCE OF THE INTERVIEWEE
AND OTHER QUALITIES SUCH AS SKILLS
OF COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND
THE FORCE OF HIS LANGUAGE ARE THE
MAINSTAYS OF THE STRENGTH OF HIS
CHARACTER.

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 305. FORCIBLE RAPE - SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE CARRIED OUT AGAINST A
PERSON’S WILL BY THE USE OF
PHYSICAL VIOLENCE. 
306. FORCING - A PROCESS WHERE A
PIECE OF METAL IS HEATED PRIOR TO
CHANGING ITS SHAPE OR DIMENSIONS. 
307. FORENSIC BALLISTICS OR FIREARMS
IDENTIFICATION. THIS IS THE SCIENCE
OF FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION.
308. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY. IT INVOLVES
THE USE OF THE SCIENCE OF
CHEMISTRY IN THE EXAMINATION OF
FIBERS, HAIRS, POWDER BURNS, BLOOD,
STAIN, PAINTS, POISONOUS
SUBSTANCES AND OTHER MATTERS IN
THEIR RELEVANCE TO THE
INVESTIGATION.
309. FORENSIC COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY. THIS IS THE AGE OF
ADVANCED INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY. MODERN DISCOVERIES
OF INSTRUMENTATION
310. FORENSIC MEDICINE – USED TO
DETERMINE THE CAUSE OF DEATH AS

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 ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF CORPUS
DELICTI AND IT COULD ALSO
APPROXIMATE THE TIME OF DEATH
AND OTHER PERTINENT AND RELEVANT
MATTERS IN THE INVESTIGATION.
311. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY. THIS IS A
VERY RECENT SCIENCE IN THE FIELD OF
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AND
DETECTION.
312. FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY. THE
REMOVE OF DENTURES ARE OF
PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE IN THE
IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN BODIES
ESPECIALLY WHEN OTHER MEANS OF
IDENTIFICATION IS LOST.
313. FORMAL INTERVIEW- INTERVIEW
CONDUCTED BY THE INVESTIGATION
ASSIGNED TO THE CASE.
314. FORMAL INVESTIGATION ● IT IS
USUALLY CONSIDERED AS SOME FORM
OF INQUIRY CONCERNING OF CRIMINAL
ACTIVITY.

315. FORTUITOUS EVENT – AN EVENT

WHICH TAKES PLACE BY ACCIDENT AND

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 COULD NOT HAVE BEEN FORESEEN. IN
OTHER WORDS IT IS AN ACT OF GOD
WHICH COULD NEITHER BE FORESEEN
NOR RESISTED, SUCH AS EARTHQUAKE,
LIGHTNING, FLOOD, AND THE LIKE. 
316. FREE RADICALS (COMBUSTIBLE
VAPORS SUCH AS HYDROGEN GAS,
CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE,
AND NITROGEN).
317. FRIENDLINESS – A FRIENDLY
APPROACH COUPLED WITH POSTRURE
OF SINCERITY MAY INDUCE THE
SUSPECT TO CONFESS.
318. FUEL - IS THE MATERIAL OR
SUBSTANCE BEING OXIDIZED OR
BURNED IN THE COMBUSTION PROCESS.
MATERIAL SUCH AS COAL, GAS, OR OIL
THAT IS BURNED TO PRODUCE HEAT OR
POWER.

319. FUEL CELL HYBRID VEHICLE - FCHV

WAS DEVELOPED BY TOYOTA IN 2005.
THE VEHICLE IS POWERED BY THE
CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN
HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO POWER

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 THE MOTOR DRIVING THE VEHICLE. 

320. FUEL GASES – FLAMMABLE GASES

USUALLY USED FOR BURNING WITH AIR
TO PRODUCE HEAT, UTILIZE AS POWER,
LIGHT, COMFORT, AND PROCESS.

321. FUEL LOAD - THE TOTAL QUANTITY

OF COMBUSTIBLE CONTENTS OF THE
BUILDING, SPACES OR FIRE AREA,
INCLUDING INTERIOR FINISH AND TRIM
EXPRESSED IN HEAT UNITS OR THE
EQUIVALENT WEIGHT IN WOOD. 

322. FUEL REMOVAL - METHOD OF FIRE

EXTINGUISHMENT, FIRE IS
EFFECTIVELY EXTINGUISHED BY
REMOVING THE FUEL SOURCE.  THIS
MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED BY STOPPING
THE FLOW OF LIQUID OR GASEOUS
FUEL OR BY REMOVING SOLID FUEL IN
THE PATH OF THE FIRE OR ALLOW THE
FIRE  TO BURN UNTIL ALL FUEL IS
CONSUMED. 

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 323. FULMINATE - A KIND OF STABLE
EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND WHICH
EXPLODES BY PERCUSSION
324. GASEOUS FUELS ARE ALREADY IN
THE REQUIRED VAPOR STATE.
325. GASEOUS SUBSTANCES – INCLUDES
THOSE TOXIC/HAZARDOUS GASES THAT
ARE CAPABLE OF IGNITION.
326. GAS AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
— GAS RANGE TOASTER HOTPLATES
IRON AND SWITCHES.

327. GENEVA CONVENTION ON ROAD

TRAFFIC - SEPTEMBER 19, 1949.
PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT AND
SAFETY OF INTERNATIONAL ROAD
TRAFFIC BY ESTABLISHING CERTAIN
UNIFORM RULES. 
328. GEOMETRIC DESIGN — A TRAFFIC
ENGINEERING PHRASEOLOGY FOR
FORECASTING FUTURE TRAFFIC
DEMAND ON TARGET YEAR FOR ROAD
DESIGN.
329. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
(GPS). THIS IS FOR THE EFFECTIVE

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 IDENTIFICATION ON THE LOCATION OF
CRIMINALS AND OBJECTS THRU
MODERN AND SPECIAL GADGETS.

330. GLOWING COMBUSTION -  A

CONDENSED PHASED COMBUSTION. 
331. GOLDEN RULE OF INTERVIEW
—“NEVER CONDUCT OR LET ANYONE
CONDUCT AN INTERVIEW IF THE
INTERVIEWER HAS NOT GONE TO THE
CRIME SCENE. THE QUESTIONING
SHOULD BE IN AGREEMENT WITH THE
FACTS AND CONDITIONS AT THE CRIME
SCENE. THE QUESTIONING WILL LEAD
WAYWARD FOR THE INTERVIEWER
WHO HAD NOT SEEN PERSONALLY THE
CRIME SCENE AND HE WILL NOT BE IN
A POSITION TO DISTINGUISH HALF-
TRUTHS, EXAGGERATIONS OR
FALSEHOOD FROM THE ANSWERS OF
THE PERSON BEING INTERVIEWED.”
332. GOLDEN RULE OF INTERROGATION
—“MAKE HIM ADMIT SOMETHING, NO
MATTER HOW SMALL OR TRIVIAL.
USUALLY THE FIRST ADMISSION WILL

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 LEAD TO ANOTHER. IN SECURING THE
FIRST ADMISSION IS THE BIGGEST
STUMBLING BLOCK IN DEALING WITH
TOUGH SUSPECTS.”
333. GOOD SAMARITAN APPROACH –
SINCERE AND VALID OFFERS OF HELP
AND ASSISTANCE ARE MADE TO THE
SUBJECT.
334. GOTTLIEB DAIMLER - HE INVENTED
THE HIGH-SPEED PETROL ENGINE.HE IS
ALSO THOUGHT TO HAVE INVENTED
THE FIRST REAL MOTORCYCLE IN 1885. 

335. GREAT INCONVENIENCE - THE

ORDEAL OF TESTIFYING IN COURT IS AN
INCONVENIENCE ON THE PART HANDS-
TO-MOUTH AND TO THE UNEMPLOYED.

336. GRID METHOD- IS BEST USED IN

LARGE CRIME SCENES SUCH AS FIELDS
OR WOODS. SEVERAL SEARCHERS, OR A
LINE OF THEM, MOVE ALONGSIDE EACH
OTHER FROM ONE END OF THE AREA
TO BE SEARCHED TO THE OTHER.
IMAGINE A STRING OF A DOZEN

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 OFFICERS WALKING AT ARM'S LENGTH
DOWN A FOOTBALL FIELD.
337. GRIDLOCK - A TRAFFIC JAM SO BAD
THAT NO MOVEMENT IS POSSIBLE. 

338. GROUP ORIENTED ORGANIZED

CRIME- MANNED BY SEMI-ORGANIZED
INDIVIDUAL WITH THE END VIEW OF
ATTAINING PSYCHOLOGICAL
GRATIFICATION SUCH AS ADOLESCENT
GANGS
339. GROUP/PRETEXT INTERVIEW - FOR
HOSTILE WITNESS OR WITNESS WHO
REFUSE TO COOPERATE.
340. GUERILLA IS A MEMBER OF
PARAMILITARY GROUP ORGANIZED TO
GRASS THE ENEMY.
341. GUIDING DEVICES — ARE
EMPLOYED SIMPLY TO INFORM THE
ROAD USER OF ROUTE, DESTINATION,
AND OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION.
342. GUILT — IF YOUR DEEDS PROVOKE
NEGATIVE OUTCOMES OR EMOTIONS,
GUILT WILL LATER INFORM YOU THAT
IT WAS THE WRONG THING TO DO, AND

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 DOING IT AGAIN WILL MAKE YOU FEEL
GUILTY.
343. GUSTAVE TROUVE - IN NOVEMBER
1881, TROUVÉ DEMONSTRATED A
WORKING THREE-WHEELED ELECTRIC
AUTOMOBILE AT THE INTERNATIONAL
EXHIBITION OF ELECTRICITY IN PARIS
344. HAIR EXAMINATION. THE ROOTS OF
THE HAIR WHEN EXAMINED UNDER
THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY WILL
DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF DRUGS
TAKEN BY THE PERSON TWO YEARS
PRIOR TO THE SAID EXAMINATION.

345. HALLUCINOGEN - A HALLUCINOGEN

IS A DRUG, SUCH AS LSD, THAT
CHANGES A PERSON'S MOOD AND
MAKES HIM SEE, HEAR, OR THINK
THINGS THAT AREN'T REALLY THERE.
HALLUCINOGENS CHANGE THE WAY A
PERSON FEELS TIME, MAKING IT SEEM
TO SLOW DOWN. 

346. HALLUCINOGEN/PSYCHEDELICS -
SOMETIMES KNOWN AS “ALL

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 ROUNDER'S”AND “MIND EXPANDERS”
THESE DRUGS AFFECTS THE PERSON
PERCEPTIONS, AWARENESS, EMOTIONS
AND CAN ALSO
CAUSE HALLUCINATIONS AS WELL AS
ILLUSIONS.

347. HARDCORE ADDICTS - THOSE

WHOSE ACTIVITIES REVOLVES ALMOST
ENTIRELY AROUND DRUG USE AND
SECURING SUPPLIES. THEY SHOW
STRONG PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
ON THE DRUG. 

348. HASHISH - IT IS THE DARK BROWN

RESIN THAT IS COLLECTED FROM THE
TOPS OF POTENT CANNABIS SATIVA. IT
IS AT LEAST FIVE TIMES STRONGER
THAN CRUDE MARIJUANA. 
349. HATRED AGAINST THE POLICE -
THIS HATRED MAYBE DUE TO PREVIOUS
BAD EXPERIENCE WITH ROGUE
MEMBERS OF THE POLICE
ORGANIZATION.

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 350. HAZARDOUS OPERATION/PROCESS -
ANY ACT OF MANUFACTURING,
FABRICATION, CONVERSION ETC., OR
PRODUCES MATERIALS WHICH ARE
LIKELY TO CAUSE FIRES OR
EXPLOSIONS.
351. HEAT - THE FORM OF ENERGY THAT
RAISES TEMPERATURE.  HEAT IS
MEASURED BY THE AMOUNT OF WORK
IT DOES. 
352. HEAT CONDUCTIVITY - A POOR
CONDUCTOR OF HEAT TAKES A LONGER
TIME TO IGNITE THAN THOSE
MATERIALS THAT ARE GOOD
CONDUCTORS OF HEAT.

353. HEAT FROM ARCING - HEAT

RELEASED EITHER AS A HIGH-
TEMPERATURE ARC OR AS MOLTEN
MATERIAL FROM THE CONDUCTOR. 
354. HEAT OF COMBUSTION - THE
AMOUNT OF HEAT GENERATED BY THE
COMBUSTION (OXIDATION) PROCESS. 

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 355. HEAT OF DECOMPOSITION -  THE
RELEASE OF HEAT FROM
DECOMPOSING COMPOUNDS. THESE
COMPOUNDS MAY BE UNSTABLE AND
RELEASE THEIR HEAT VERY QUICKLY
OR THEY MAY DETONATE.
356. HEAT OF SOLUTION -  THE HEAT
RELEASED BY THE MIXTURE OF MATTER
IN A LIQUID.  SOME ACIDS, WHEN
DISSOLVED, GIVE OFF SUFFICIENT HEAT
TO POSE EXPOSURE PROBLEMS TO
NEARBY COMBUSTIBLES. 

357. HEAT RELEASE RATE - IS A MEASURE

OF THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY A SPECIFIC
TYPE OF FUEL CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE
HEAT FLUX IN A FIRE. 

358. HEAT TRANSFER - THE MECHANISM

IN WHICH FIRE CAN SPREAD FROM ITS
ORIGIN TO OTHER SOURCES OF FUEL. 

359. HEROIN - IS ALSO KNOWN AS

DIACETYLMORPHINE, IS A SEMI
SYNTHETIC OPIOID. IT MIMICS

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 ENDORPHINS AND CREATES A SENSE OF
WELL BEING UPON ENTERING THE
BLOODSTREAM USUALLY THROUGH
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION. 
360. HIERARCHICAL- AN ORGANIZED
CRIME HAS A VERTICAL POWER
STRUCTURE WITH AT LEAST THREE (3)
RANKS. THE AUTHORITY IS INHERENT
IN THE POSITION AND DOES NOT
DEPEND ON WHO HAPPENS TO BE
OCCUPYING IT AT ANY GIVEN TIME.

361. HIGH - A HIGH IS THE FEELING

THAT DRUG USERS WANT TO GET
WHEN THEY TAKE DRUGS. THERE ARE
MANY TYPES OF HIGH, INCLUDING A
SPACEY FEELING, EUPHORIA, OR A
FEELING THAT A PERSON  HAS “SPECIAL
POWERS”, SUCH AS THE ABILITY TO FLY
OR SEE INTO THE FUTURE. 
362. HIGH PRESSURE PROBE – IT SERVES
TO PIN DOWN A SUBJECT IN A SPECIFIC
AREA
363. HIGHGRADING – SELLING

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 364. HIGHWAY - ANY PUBLIC ROAD. A
MAIN ROAD ESPECIALLY ONE
CONNECTING MAJOR TOWN OR CITIES. 

365. HIPPIES - THOSE WHO ARE

ADDICTED TO DRUGS BELIEVING THAT
DRUG IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF LIFE. 

366. HIT AND RUN - IS THE ACT OF

CAUSING A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AND
FAILING TO STOP AND IDENTIFY
ONESELF AFTERWARDS. 
367. HOMICIDE INVESTIGATION — IS
THE OFFICIAL INQUIRY MADE BY THE
POLICE ON THE FACTS AND
CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING THE
DEATH OF A PERSON WHICH IS
EXPECTED TO BE UNLAWFUL.
368. HONEST WITNESSES - THESE ARE
TRUTHFUL AND COOPERATIVE
WITNESSES WHERE THE INVESTIGATOR
COULD RELY UPON, WITH LITTLE OR NO
PROBLEM IN HANDLING THEM.

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 369. HORIZONTAL EXIT - PASSAGE WAY
FROM ONE BUILDING TO ANOTHER OR
THROUGH OR AROUND A WALL IN
APPROXIMATELY THE SAME FLOOR
LEVEL. 
370. HOSE BOX - A BOX OR CABINET
WHERE FIRE HOSES, VALVES AND
OTHER EQUIPMENT ARE STORED AND
ARRANGED FOR FIRE FIGHTING. 
371. HOSE REEL - A CYLINDRICAL DEVICE
TURNING ON AN AXIS AROUND WHICH
A FIRE HOSE IS CONNECTED.\. 
372. HOW QUESTIONS: THESE ARE
DESIGNED TO HELP THE INVESTIGATOR
DETERMINE HOW THE CRIME WAS
COMMITTED, THE MEANS/TOOLS ARE
EMPLOYED, THE CRIME WAS
DISCOVERED, AND THE CULPRIT
ENTERS THE BUILDING/ROOM.
373. HUMILITY - HE MUST BE
COURTEOUS, SYMPATHETIC AND
HUMBLE, READY TO ASK APOLOGIES
FOR THE INCONVENIENCE OF THE
INTERVIEW.

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 374. HYPERGOLIC FUEL - A ROCKET OR
LIQUID PROPELLANT WHICH CONSIST
OF COMBINATIONS OF FUELS AND
OXIDIZERS WHICH IGNITE
SPONTANEOUSLY ON CONTACT WITH
EACH OTHER. 
375. HYPOTHETICAL PROBE – IT
PRESENTS HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION

376. IDADIN - INTEGRATED DRUG ABUSE

DATA AND INFORMATION NETWORK- IS
AN ONLINE DRUG DATA POOLING AND
COLLECTION SYSTEM THAT  ALLOWS
BETTER MANAGEMENT AND
ASSESSMENT OF THE OVER-ALL
DRUG DEMAND AND SUPPLY
REDUCTION EFFORTS UNDERTAKEN BY
THE GOVERNMENT.
377. IGNITION TEMPERATURE - THE
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE TO WHICH A
FUEL IN AIR MUST BE HEATED IN
ORDER TO START SELF-SUSTAINED
COMBUSTION INDEPENDENT OF THE
HEATING SOURCE.

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 378. IGNITION/AUTO-IGNITION
TEMPERATURE - THE TEMPERATURE AT
WHICH A FUEL WILL IGNITE ON ITS
OWN WITH OUT ANY ADDITIONAL
SOURCE IGNITION.
379. ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING. — THE
ILLEGAL CULTIVATION, CULTURE,
DELIVERY, ADMINISTRATION,
DISPENSATION, MANUFACTURE, SALE,
TRADING, TRANSPORTATION,
DISTRIBUTION, IMPORTATION,
EXPORTATION AND POSSESSION OF ANY
DANGEROUS DRUG AND/OR
CONTROLLED PRECURSOR AND
ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL.
380. IMAGINATION MEANS FORMING
MENTAL IMAGES OF WHAT IS NOT
PRESENT.
381. IMPORTANT CRIMINAL CASES -
SHOULD BE CONDUCTED IN PLACES
OTHER THAN THE SUBJECTS
HOME/OFFICE TO PREVENT HIM/HER
FEELING CONFIDENT.

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 382. IMPRAMINE - THE PROTOTYPE OF
THE TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT
DRUGS. 
383. IMPRUDENCE – INDICATES
DEFICIENCY OF ACTION. IF A PERSON
FAILS TO TAKE THE NECESSARY
PRECAUTION TO AVOID INJURY TO A
PERSON OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY,
THERE IS IMPRUDENCE. IMPRUDENCE
USUALLY INVOLVES LACK OF SKILL. 

384. INDIFFERENCE – THE PRESENCE OF

THE SUSPECT, THE INVESTIGATOR WILL
DISCUSS AND DEBATE ABOUT THE
STRING EVIDENCE OF THE CASE THAT
WILL RESULT TO CONVICTION OF
MAXIMUM PENALTY.
385. INDIRECT – THE SUBJECT IS AWARE.

386. INDUSTRIAL GASES - THIS GROUP

INCLUDES A LARGE NUMBER OF GASES
USED FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AS
THOSE IN WELDING AND CUTTING
(OXYGEN, ACETYLENE)

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 387. INDOOR CRIME SCENE – COMPARED
TO OUTDOOR SCENE EVIDENCE AT AN
INDOOR SCENE IS GENERALLY LESS
SUSCEPTIBLE TO ENVIRONMENTAL
LOSS AND DELETERIOUS CHANGE.
388. INDUCED CURRENT – INDUCED LINE
SURGE – INCREASED ELECTRICAL
ENERGY FLOW OR POWER VOLTAGE.

389. INDUCTIVE- REASONING COLLECTS

ALL THE FACTS AVAILABLE FIRST AND
ALLOWS THEM TO DETERMINE THE
JUDGEMENT.
390. INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING -
THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS OF
SUBJECTING MATERIALS TO HEAT FOR
THE PURPOSE OF REMOVING SOLVENTS
OR MOISTURE FROM THE SAME AND,OR
TO FUSE CERTAIN CHEMICAL SALTS TO
FORM A UNIFORM GLAZING THE
SURFACE OF MATERIALS BEING
TREATED. 
391. INDUSTRIAL BAKING AND DRYING -
THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS OF
SUBJECTING MATERIALS TO HEAT FOR

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 THE PURPOSE OF REMOVING SOLVENTS
OR MOISTURE FROM THE SAME, AND/OR
TO FUSE CERTAIN CHEMICAL SALTS TO
FORM A UNIFORM GLAZING THE
SURFACE OF MATERIALS BEING
TREATED.
392. INFANTICIDE — THE KILLING OF
THE CHILD LESS THAN THREE DAYS OF
AGE, WHETHER THE KILLER IS THE
PERSON OR GRANDPARENT, ANY OTHER
RELATIVE OF THE CHILD, OR A
STRANGER.
393. INFORMAL (ON THE SCENE
INTERVIEW) - CONDUCTED BY
POLICE/INVESTIGATOR AT THE CRIME
SCENE TO GET DESCRIPTION OF
CRIMINAL IF SEEN.
394. INFORMANT - ANY PERSON WHO
GIVES INFORMATION TO THE POLICE
AUTHORITIES RELATIVE TO A CRIME.

395. INFORMATION - DATA GATHERED

BY AN INVESTIGATOR AND OTHER
PERSON INCLUIDING THE VICTIM
HIMSELF AND FROM PUBLIC RECORDS,

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 PRIVATE RECORDS AND MODUS
OPERANDI FILE.
396. INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM — REFERS
TO A SYSTEM FOR GENERATING,
SENDING RECEIVING, STORING OR
OTHERWISE PROCESSING ELECTRONIC
DOCUMENTS.
397. INFORMATIVE SIGNS — THESE
SIGNS ARE INTENDED TO GUIDE ROAD
USERS WHILE TRAVELING
398. INFORMER IS A PERSON WHO
PROVIDES INFORMATION TO THE
POLICE ON A REGULAR BASIS.

399. INSTRUMENTATION - SCIENTIFIC

EXAMINATION OF REAL EVIDENCE,
APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS AND
METHOD OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES IN 
DETECTING CRIME.
400. INTERMEDIARY REFERS TO A
PERSON WHO IN BEHALF OF ANOTHER
PERSON AND WITH RESPECT TO A
PARTICULAR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS
AND SENDS, RECEIVES AND STORES

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 PROVIDES OTHER SERVICES AND
RESPECT OF THE ELECTRONIC DATA
MESSAGE OR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT.

401. INTERROGATION DEFINED - IS THE

SKILLFUL QUESTIONING OF A HOSTILE
PERSON SUSPECTING OF HAVING
COMMITTED AN OFFENSE OR OF A
PERSON WHO IS RELUCTANT TO MAKE
A FULL DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION
IN HIS POSSESSION WHICH IS
PERTINENT TO THE INVESTIGATION.

402. INTERROGATION OF LAY

PERSONNEL (SPECIAL TYPE). IN THIS
TYPE, THE TECHNIQUES ARE SIMILAR
TO INTERROGATION BUT SPECIAL
EFFORT MUST BE MADE.
403. INTERROGATION REPORT IS AN
ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENT OF
INFORMATION BY THE QUESTIONING
OF AN INTERROGEE.
404. INTERROGATOR IS A PERSON WHO
DOES THE QUESTIONING.

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 405. INTERROGEE REFERS TO ANY
PERSON SUBJECTED TO THE
INTERROGATION PROCESS.
406. INTERVIEW - SKILLFUL
QUESTIONING OF WITNESS AND
SUSPECTS.
407. INTUITION ● THIS IS THE
IMMEDIATE APPREHENSION OR
COGNITION – QUICK AND READY
INSIGHT WITHOUT THE CONSCIOUS USE
OF REASONING.
408. INQUEST ● IT IS AN EFFORT TO
SEARCH THE BASIC CAUSE OF AN
INCIDENT SUCH AS THE COMMISSION
OF A CRIME.
409. INQUISITION ● A MORE HISTORICAL
DESCRIPTION THAN A CURRENT USAGE
TO DESCRIBE ANY PENETRATING
INVESTIGATION CONCERNING A
RELIGIOUS ISSUE.

410. INVESTIGARE - IS A LATIN WORD

WHICH MEANS TO TRACK OR TRACE BY
FOOTPRINT AND TO STUDY OR
EXAMINE CLOSELY.

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 411. INVESTIGAT, WHICH MEANS “TO
INQUIRE OR TO DISCOVER” DURING THE
5TH CENTURY
412. INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING ●
RELATIVELY SPEAKING, IS A RECENT
TYPE OF INVESTIGATION PURSUED BY
THE MEMBERS OF THE PRESS ON THEIR
OWN INITIATIVE.
413. INVESTIGATION - THE COLLECTION
OF BASIC FACTS ESTABLISHING THAT A
CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED AND
THAT SOME OTHER PERSON IS
RESPONSIBLE THEREOF.
414. JOE BLOW APPROACH – IT IS “I
KNOW THE ANSWER TO EVERYTHING”
APPROACH.
415. JOLTING –INVESTIGATOR SELECTS
THE RIGHT MOMENT TO SHOUT TO THE
SUBJECT WITH A PERTINENT QUESTION
IN AN APPARENT RIGHTEOUS OUTRAGE.
416. JUDICIAL CONFESSION – THOSE
MADE BY THE ACCUSED IN AN OPEN
COURT. THE PLEA OF GUILT DURING
ARRAIGNMENT OR ANY STAGE OF THE
PROCEEDINGS WHERE THE ACCUSED

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 CHANGES HIS PLEA OF NOT GUILTY TO
GUILTY.
417. JUMPER - A PIECE OF METAL OR AN
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR USED TO
BYPASS A SAFETY DEVICE IN AN
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. 
418. KASTLE–MEYER TEST - IS A
PRESUMPTIVE BLOOD TEST, FIRST
DESCRIBED IN 1903, IN WHICH THE
CHEMICAL INDICATOR
PHENOLPHTHALEIN IS USED TO
DETECT THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF
HEMOGLOBIN. 

419. KEY EVENT – MEANS THE ONE

WHICH CHARACTERIZES THE MANNER
OF THE OCCURRENCE OF THE TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT. IT DETERMINES THE TIME,
PLACE, AND TYPE OF ACCIDENT. 
420. KINDRED SOUL APPROACH –
SUBJECT IS PLACED IN A PEDESTAL
HAVING SOME SPECIALIZED QUALITY

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 421. KID LISTO - IS A MASCOT CREATED
TO STAND AS AN ICON OR
REPRESENTATION OF THE DRUG ABUSE
PREVENTION PROGRAM. KID MEANS
KALABAN NG ILEGAL NA DROGA. IT
WAS BROUGHT TO DIFFERENT
SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES ALL OVER
THE COUNTRY TO PROMOTE THE ANTI-
DRUG ADVOCACY.
422. KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
- THE ABILITY OF THE INTERVIEWER TO
DETERMINE THE PERSONALITY AND
INTELLIGENCE OF HIS SUBJECT.
423. KNOW-NOTHING TYPE — THESE
ARE THE RELUCTANT TYPES OF
WITNESSES. THEY ARE AMONG THE
UNEDUCATED AND OF LOW LEVEL OF
INTELLIGENCE.
424. LADDER APPLIANCES - THERE ARE
TWO KINDS OF LADDER APPLIANCES--
TURNTABLE LADDERS AND HYDRAULIC
PLATFORMS.
425. LAMINAR FLAME – WHEN A
PARTICLE FOLLOWS A SMOOTH PATH
THROUGH A GASEOUS FLAME.

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 426. LAST CLEAR CHANCE - IT MEANS
THAT THE DRIVER WHO IS IN THE
BETTER POSITION TO PREVENT THE
ACCIDENT SHOULDERS THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF PREVENTING THE
ACCIDENT.
427. LATENT HEAT — A NUMBER OF
PHYSICAL CHANGES ARE ASSOCIATED
WITH THE CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE
OF A SUBSTANCE.
428. LEADS THESE ARE CLUES OR PIECES
OF INFORMATION THAT AID IN THE
PROGRESS OF AN INVESTIGATION.
429. LEBANON - ALSO BECAME THE
TRANSIT COUNTRY FOR COCAINE FROM
SOUTH AMERICA TO ILLICIT DRUGS
MARKETS.
430. LEGAL KNOWLEDGE ● TODAY’S
INVESTIGATOR MUST POSSESS A SOLID
GROUNDING IN CRIMINAL AND TO A
LESSER DEGREE, IN CIVIL LAW.

431. LEGAL RISK -THE POSSIBILITY THAT

LAWSUITS, ADVERSE JUDGMENTS OR
CONTRACTS THAT TURN OUT TO BE

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 UNENFORCEABLE CAN DISRUPT OR
ADVERSELY AFFECT THE OPERATIONS
OR CONDITION OF A BANK
432. LIAISON PROGRAM IS THE
ASSIGNMENT OF TRAINED
INTELLIGENCE PERSONNEL TO OTHER
AGENCIES IN ORDER TO OBTAIN
INFORMATION
433. LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX (LOI) IS A
NUMERICAL BASIS OF MEASURING THE
TENDENCY OF A FABRIC TO
CONTINUOUSLY BURN ONCE SOURCE OF
IGNITION IS REMOVED.

434. LINE PATROL – CONDUCTS

OBSERVATION EITHER IN MOVING
OR STATIONARY OBSERVATION AT A
CERTAIN ROUTE OR POINT OF A MAJOR
STREET IN A CITY.
435. LINE-UP – THE COMPLAINANT,
WITNESS OR VICTIM IS REQUESTED TO
POINT POSITIVELY THE SUSPECT WHO
IS AMONG PERSONS IN THE POLICE
LINE-UP.

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 436. LIQUID COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS –
INCLUDES ALL FLAMMABLE LIQUID
FUELS AND CHEMICALS.
437. LIQUEFIED FIRE EXTINGUISHER –
THOSE EXTINGUISHERS THAT CONTAIN
CARBON MONOXIDE GAS USE TO FIGHT
CLASS A, B, AND C FIRES.
438. LIQUEFIED GAS – GAS, WHICH, AT
NORMAL TEMPERATURE INSIDE ITS
CONTAINER, EXIST PARTLY IN THE
LIQUID STATE AND PARTLY IN GASEOUS
STATE AND UNDER PRESSURE AS LONG
AS ANY LIQUID REMAINS IN THE
CONTAINER.
439. LONG-TERM — COMMUTING
DURING CERTAIN HOURS ADD
CONSIDERABLY TO TRAFFIC
CONGESTION.
440. LOST — HAPPENS WHEN THE
AGENT DO NOT KNOW THE
WHEREABOUTS OF THEIR SUBJECT.
441. LUMINOUS FLAME – IS ORANGE-
RED, DEPOSIT SOOT AT THE BOTTOM OF
A VESSEL BEING HEATED DUE TO

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 INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION AND HAS A
LOW TEMPERATURE.
442. MACADAM- HE METHOD
SIMPLIFIED WHAT HAD BEEN
CONSIDERED STATE OF THE ART AT
THAT POINT. SINGLE-SIZED AGGREGATE
LAYERS OF SMALL STONES, WITH A
COATING OF BINDER AS A CEMENTING
AGENT, ARE MIXED IN AN OPEN-
STRUCTURED ROADWAY.
443. MACRO ETCHING IS THE CHEMICAL
PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE
AUTHENTICITY OF ENGINE AND
CHASSIS NUMBER OF THE MOTOR
VEHICLE.
444. MADE — OCCURS THE OPERATION
WAS COMPROMISED.
445. MANDATORY SIGNS — THESE SIGNS
ARE INTENDED TO GUIDE ROAD USERS
OF SPECIAL RULES IN WHICH THEY
MUST COMPLY FOR THE SAFETY,
CONVENIENCE AND SMOOTH FLOW OF
TRAFFIC.
446. MANHATTAN FROM MISSOURI
APPROACH – ELICITOR ADAPTS AN

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 UNBELIEVABLE ATTITUDE ABOVE
ANYTHING.
447. MANUFACTURED GAS – THIS GAS
LIKE SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUELS IS USED
CHIEFLY WHERE CERTAIN FUELS ARE
ABUNDANT AND OTHERS ARE SCARCE.
448. MARIJUANA - OBTAINED FROM AN
INDIAN HEMP PLANT KNOWN AS
“CANNABIS SATIVA” A STRONG,
HANDY ,ANNUAL SHRUB WHICH
GROWS WILD IN TEMPERATURE AND
TROPIC REGIONS. 

449. MARY WARD - WORLDS FIRST ROAD

TRAFFIC DEATH INCLUDING A MOTOR
VEHICLE, IS ALLEGED TO HAVE
OCCURRED ON AUGUST 31, 1869, WHEN
SHE FELL OUT OF HER COUSINS STEAM
CAR AND WAS RUN OVER IT. 

450. MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES —

MATCHES LIGHTED CIGARETTES
CANDLES AND ETC.
451. MEDIATE AND EARLY CAUSES –
THESE MEDIATE AND EARLY CAUSES

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 OF AN ACCIDENT ARE ALSO TERMED
CONDITION CAUSES IN
FORMALIZED ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE. 

452. MEDICAL GASES – THOSE USED FOR

TREATMENT SUCH AS ANESTHESIA
(CHLOROFORM, NITROUS OXIDE);
RESPIRATORY THERAPY (OXYGEN).

453. MENTAL RECONSTRUCTION —

BASED ON THE PHYSICAL
RECONSTRUCTION, SOME CONCLUSIONS
COULD BE FORMULATED TAKING INTO
ACCOUNT ALL EVIDENCE PIECES OF
EVIDENCE.
454. "MENTAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL
TORTURE" REFERS TO ACTS COMMITTED
BY A PERSON IN AUTHORITY OR AGENT
OF A PERSON IN AUTHORITY WHICH
ARE CALCULATED TO AFFECT OR
CONFUSE THE MIND AND/OR
UNDERMINE A PERSON'S DIGNITY AND
MORALE,

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 455. MEPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE - A
FINE, WHITE, ODORLESS, CRYSTALLINE
POWDER; VERY SOLUBLE IN WATER,
SOLUBLE IN ALCOHOL, AND USED IN
MEDICINE AS A NARCOTIC. 

456. MERCENARY/PREDATORY
ORGANIZED CRIME -PERPETUATED FOR
THE ATTAINMENT OF DIRECT
PERSONAL GAIN BUT PREY UPON
UNWILLING VICTIMS.

457. MESOPOTAMIA - (PRESENT IRAQ)

LOCATION OF THE OLDEST
CONSTRUCTED ROADS DISCOVERED TO
DATE. THE STONED PAVED STREETS
DATE BACK TO ABOUT 4000 BC, IN THE
MESOPOTAMIA CITIES OF UR AND
BABYLON. 

458. METABOLIC TOLERANCE INFERS A

FASTER REMOVAL AND OXIDATION BY
THE LIVER. FUNCTIONAL TOLERANCE
INFERS A CHANGE IN SENSITIVITY OF
THE ORGAN TO THE EFFECTS OF THE

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 DRUG. 

459. METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDE - A

SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC. USED
MEDICINALLY AS A SEDATIVE AND
ALSO USEFUL IN TREATING HEROIN
ADDICTION. 

460. METHAMPHETAMINE - COLORLESS,

VOLATILE LIQUID; CHARACTERISTIC
STRONG ODOR AND SLIGHTLY BURNING
TASTE. HIGHLY TOXIC, FLAMMABLE, AS
WELL AS A DANGEROUS FIRE RISK.
BASIS OF A GROUP OF
HALLUCINOGENIC, HABIT-FORMING
DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

461. METHAMPHETAMINE
HYDROCHLORIDE (SHABU) –
STIMULATES AND ALERTS THE BODY. IT
IS REFERRED TO AS POOR MAN’S
COCAINE BECAUSE IT IS CHEAP.

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 462. METHAMPHETAMINE/
AMPHETAMINE - MAN MADE
STIMULANTS DRUGS.
463. METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETA
MINE (MDMA) OR COMMONLY KNOWN
AS "ECSTASY," OR BY ITS ANY OTHER
NAME. — REFERS TO THE DRUG HAVING
SUCH CHEMICAL COMPOSITION,
INCLUDING ANY OF ITS ISOMERS OR
DERIVATIVES IN ANY FORM.
464. MICRO ETCHING — IS THE
CHEMICAL PROCESS OF RESTORING
ERASE OR TAMPERED ENGINE AND
CHASSIS NUMBER.
465. MILESTONE - THE EARLIEST ROAD
SIGNS, GIVING DISTANCE OR
DIRECTION. MILESTONE IS ONE OF A
SERIES OF NUMBERED MARKERS
PLACED ALONG A ROAD OR BOUNDARY
AT INTERVALS OF ONE MILE OR
OCCASIONALLY, PARTS OF A MILE
466. MINIMIZATION – IT IS THE ACT OF
MINIMIZING THE CULPABILITY OF THE
SUSPECT

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 467. MIRANDA DOCTRINE - THE
PRINCIPLE ON THE RIGHTS OF A
SUSPECT AGAINST FORCED SELF-
INCRIMINATION DURING POLICE
INTERROGATION.

468. MIRANDA VS. ARIZONA - ERNESTO

MIRANDA HAD CONFESSED TO RAPE
AND KIDNAPPING, AFTER TWO HOUR
INTERROGATION. BECAUSE THE
INTERROGATORS FAILED TO INFORM
MIRANDA OF HIS RIGHT TO COUNSEL
AND REMAIN SILENT, HIS CONVICTION
WAS OVERTURNED.

469. MISDEMEANOR - A LOWER LEVEL

CRIME, USUALLY PUNISHABLE BY LESS
THAN ONE YEAR IN PRISON.
470. MODES OF ARREST — AN ARREST
MAYBE BE VIRTUE OF A WARRANT OF
ARREST, OR W/O WARRANT OF ARREST
AS HEREINAFTER PROVIDED.

471. MODUS OPERANDI - METHODS OF

OPERATION, MODES OF OPERATION,

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 MANNER OF COMMITTING THE CRIME.

472. MOISTURE CONTENT (WATER

CONTENT) – THE FRESHLY CUT WOOD IS
MORE DIFFICULT TO IGNITE AND BURN
THAN DRY WOOD.
473. MOLECULAR DEATH — IT IS THE
CESSATION OF LIFE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
CELLS IN THE WHOLE BODY, WHICH
OCCURS ONE AT A TIME AFTER
SOMATIC DEATH.

474. MONOPOLISTIC- AN ORGANIZED

CRIME GROUP ESCHEW COMPETITION.
IT STRIVES FOR HEGEMONY OVER A
PARTICULAR GEOGRAPHIC AREA, A
PARTICULAR “INDUSTRY”, LEGITIMATE
OR ILLEGITIMATE, OR A COMBINATION
OF BOTH
475. MORE TRICKS AND BLUFFS –
DEPENDING UPON THE IMAGINATION
OF THE INVESTIGATOR IN EACH
PARTICULAR SITUATION.

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 476. MORPHINE - IS A STRONG OPIATE
ANALGESIC DRUG AND IS THE
PRINCIPAL ACTIVE AGENT IN OPIUM. IT
ACTS DIRECTLY ON THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM RELIEVING PAIN. IT
IS CLAIMED TO BE SIX (6) TIMES MORE
POTENT THAN OPIUM

477. MOTBOK - AN ALCOHOL RATIONING

SYSTEM WITH PERSONAL RATION
RECORD BOOK EMPLOYED BY SWEDEN
FROM 1914 TO 1955.

478. MOTOR VEHICLE – SHALL MEAN

ANY VEHICLE PROPELLED BY ANY
POWER OTHER THAN MUSCULAR
POWER USING THE PUBLIC HIGHWAYS,
BUT EXEMPTING ROAD ROLLERS,
TROLLEY CARS, STREET SWEEPERS,
BULLDOZERS, GRADERS, FORK-LIFTS,
CRANES, VEHICLES WHICH RUNS ONLY
ON RAILS OR TRACKS, TRACTORS,
TRAILERS, AND TRACTION ENGINE.

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 479. MURDER-SUICIDE - AN ACT IN
WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL KILLS ONE OR
MORE OTHER PERSONS IMMEDIATELY
BEFORE OR AT THE SAME TIME AS HIM
OR HERSELF. 
480. MUTT AND JEFF OR SWEET AND
SOUR METHOD – THE FIRST SET OF
INVESTIGATORS MUST APPEAR TO BE
ROUGH, MEAN AND DANGEROUS.

481. NARCOTICS - REFERS TO ANY DRUGS

WHICH PRODUCES INSENSIBILITY,
STUPOR, MELANCHOLY OR DULLNESS
OF MIND WITH DELUSION AND  WHICH
MAY BE HABIT FORMING. 
482. NATIONAL PRIDE APPROACH –
DEFEND THEIR COUNTRY AND ITS
POLICIES.
483. NATURAL DRUG – CAN BE FOUND IN
ANIMAL AND PLANTS.
484. NATURAL GAS – THE GAS USED TO
HEAT BUILDINGS, COOK FOOD, AND
PROVIDES ENERGY FOR INDUSTRIES. IT
CONSISTS CHIEFLY OF METHANE, A

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 COLORLESS AND ODORLESS GAS.

485. NEGLIGENCE – INDICATES A

DEFICIENCY OF PERCEPTION. IF A
PERSON FAILS TO PAY PROPER
ATTENTION TO USE DUE DILIGENCE IN
FORESEEING THE INJURY OR DAMAGE
IMPENDING TO BE CAUSED THERE IN
NEGLIGENCE. NEGLIGENCE USUALLY
INVOLVES LACK OF SKILL.

486. NEIGHBORHOOD INVESTIGATION -

ONE OF THE MOST CRUCIAL STEPS IN
KIDNAP FOR RANSOM CASES WHICH IS
OFTEN OVERLOOKED. THE OBJECTIVE IS
TO IDENTIFY AND INTERVIEW IN
PERSON ALL INDIVIDUALS IN THE AREA
WHERE THE VICTIM WAS KIDNAPPED
OR LAST KNOWN SIGHTING AREA
DURING THE WINDOW OF
OPPORTUNITY.(LAST TIME SEEN UNTIL
THE TIME DISCOVERED MISSING.
487. NICOTINE - AN ADDICTIVE
SUBSTANCE USUALLY OBTAINED
FROM CIGARETTE SMOKING. 

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 488. NON-CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION -
INVOLVES ON NON-CRIMINAL
INCIDENTS OR EVENTS.
489. NON-LUMINOUS FLAME – IS BLUE,
THERE IS COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF
FUEL AND HAS RELATIVELY HIGH
TEMPERATURE.
490. NORMAL INTERVIEW- FOR WILLING
OR COOPERATIVE WITNESS.
491. NUCLEAR FISSION – SPLIT OF THE
NUCLEUS OF ATOMS
492. NUCLEAR FUELS PROVIDE ENERGY
THROUGH THE FISSION OR FUSION OF
THEIR ATOMS.
493. NUCLEAR FUSION – COMBINATION
OF TWO LIGHT NUCLEI OF ATOM

494. OBJECT MARKINGS – ARE PAINTED

ON FIXED POLES, AND ON VERTICAL
 ENDS OF BRIDGES AND PORTS TO
AVOID ACCIDENTS. 
495. OBSERVATION IS THE COMPLETE
AND ACCURATE AWARENESS BY AN
INDIVIDUAL OF HIS SURROUNDINGS.

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 496. OBSERVATIONAL ABILITY ● UNDER
MOST CIRCUMSTANCES, THE
INVESTIGATOR WILL USE THE SENSE OF
SEEING AND HEARING, THE FORMER
BEING THE MORE SIGNIFICANT.

497. OCCUPANCY - THE PURPOSE FOR

WHICH A BUILDING OR PORTION
THEREOF IS USED OR INTENDED TO BE
USED
498. OCCUPANT - ANY PERSON ACTUALLY
OCCUPYING AND USING A BUILDING OR
PORTIONS THEREOF BY VIRTUE OF A
LEASE CONTRACT WITH THE OWNER
OR ADMINISTRATOR OR BY PERMISSION
OR SUFFERANCE OF THE LATTER. 
499. ONE QUESTION AT A TIME - AVOID
MULTIPLE, COMPLEX AND LEGALISTIC
QUESTIONS. ONE QUESTION AT A TIME
IS DESIRED.
500. OPERATIVE REPORT IS DICTATED
RIGHT AFTER A SURGICAL PROCEDURE
AND LATER TRANSCRIBED INTO THE
PATIENT'S RECORD.

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 501. OPERATIONAL RISK -THE RISK OF
DIRECT OR INDIRECT LOSS RESULTING
FROM INADEQUATE OR FAILED
INTERNAL PROCESSES,PEOPLE AND
SYSTEMS OR FROM EXTERNAL EVENTS.

502. OPIATES - NATURAL, SEMI-

SYNTHETIC, OR SYNTHETIC
SUBSTANCES WITH MORPHINE-LIKE
EFFECTS IN THE BODY. THEY ARE
PRIMARILY EMPLOYED AS ANALGESICS
AND CAN BE CONSIDERED NARCOTIC IN
THEIR EFFECTS. 

503. OPIUM - OBTAINED FROM A FEMALE

POPPY PLANT KNOWN AS “PAPAYER
SOMNIFERUM”. IT COMES FROM THE
GREEK WORD WHICH MEANS “JUICE”. IT
IS THE ORIGINAL COMPONENTS OF
MORPHINE AND HEROIN.
504. OPIUM POPPY. — REFERS TO ANY
PART OF THE PLANT OF THE SPECIES
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L., PAPAVER
SETIGERUM DC, PAPAVER ORIENTALE,
PAPAVER BRACTEATUM AND PAPAVER

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 RHOEAS, WHICH INCLUDES THE SEEDS,
STRAWS, BRANCHES, LEAVES OR ANY
PART THEREOF, OR SUBSTANCES
DERIVED THEREFROM, EVEN FOR
FLORAL, DECORATIVE AND CULINARY
PURPOSES.
505. OPIUM PREPARATION - THE
SMOKING OF OPIUM DOES NOT
INVOLVE THE BURNING OF THE
MATERIAL AS MIGHT BE IMAGINED.

506. OPLAN IWAS DROGA - IS THE

NATIONAL FLAGSHIP PROGRAM ON
DRUG  ABUSE PREVENTION LAUNCHED
BY THE DDB IN 1995. 
507. OPPORTUNITY TO LIE - THE SUSPECT
IS QUESTIONED ABOUT HIS PERSONAL
LIFE AND FAMILY AND FRIENDS AND
HIS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE
COMMISSION OF THE CRIME. THIS IS
REPEATED MANY TIMES.
508. "ORDER OF BATTLE" - REFERS TO
ANY DOCUMENT OR DETERMINATION
MADE BY THE MILITARY, POLICE OR
ANY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OF

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 THE GOVERNMENT

509. ORGANIC PEROXIDE - A STRONG

OXIDIZING ORGANIC COMPOUND
WHICH RELEASE OXYGEN READILY. IT
CAUSES FIRE WHEN IN CONTACT WITH
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS ESPECIALLY
UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH
TEMPERATURE. 
510. ORGANIZATIONAL ABILITY ● THE
POLICE INVESTIGATOR IS
CONTINUALLY PROCESSING VARIOUS
TYPES OF INFORMATION.
511. ORGANIZATIONAL COVER – ANY
ACCOUNT CONSISTING OF
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA WHICH WHEN
ADOPTED BY AN INDIVIDUAL WILL
ASSUME THE PERSONALITY HE WANTS
TO ADOPT.
512. ORGANIZED CRIME - A
COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE
PERSONS WHO ARE ENGAGED IN A
CRIMINAL OR VIRTUAL CRIMINAL
ACTIVITY ON A CONTINUING BASIS FOR
THE PURPOSE OF PROFIT OR POWER

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 USING GANGLAND STYLE TO ATTAIN
THEIR PURPOSE.
513. ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP-
SHALL MEAN A STRUCTURED GROUP OF
THREE OR MORE PERSONS, EXISTING
FOR A PERIOD OF TIME AND ACTING IN
CONCERT WITH THE AIM OF
COMMITTING OR MORE SERIOUS
CRIMES OR OFFENSES ESTABLISHED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THIS CONVENTION,
IN ORDER TO OBTAIN, DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY , A FINANCIAL OR
MATERIAL BENEFIT.
514. ORIGINATOR REFERS TO A PERSON
BY WHOM OR ON WHOSE BEHALF THE
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT PURPORTS TO
HAVE BEEN CREATED GENERATED AND
SENT.
515. OUTDOOR CRIME SCENE – IS THE
MOST VULNERABLE TO LOSS,
CONTAMINATION AND DAMAGING
EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN
A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.

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 516. OVERDOSE - AN EXCESSIVE DOSE OF
MEDICINE OR NARCOTIC SUBSTANCE. 

517. OVER HEATING OF ELECTRICAL

APPLIANCES – THE INCREASE OR RISING
OF AMPERAGE WHILE ELECTRIC
CURRENT IS FLOWING IN A
TRANSMISSION LINE RESULTING TO
THE DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION OF
INSULATING MATERIALS, MAYBE
GRADUAL OR RAPID, INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL.
518. OVERT INVESTIGATION - OPENLY.
519. OVERVIEW SKETCH – CONSISTS OF A
BIRD’S-EYE-VIEW OR FLOOR PLAN
SKETCH OF THE SCENE
520. OWNER - THE PERSON WHO HOLDS
THE LEGAL RIGHT OF POSSESSION OR
TITLE TO A BUILDING OR REAL
PROPERTY.
521. OXIDATION – A CHEMICAL CHANGE
THAT IS EXOTHERMIC, A CHANGE IN
WHICH COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
(FUEL) AND AN OXIDIZING AGENT (AIR),
REACT.

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 522. OXIDIZING MATERIAL - A MATERIAL
THAT READILY YIELDS OXYGEN IN
QUANTITIES SUFFICIENT TO STIMULATE
OR SUPPORT COMBUSTION
523. OXYGEN AS DEFINED EARLIER IS A
COLORLESS, ODORLESS, TASTELESS,
GASEOUS CHEMICAL ELEMENT, THE
MOST ABUNDANT OF ALL ELEMENTS:
524. PAINTED CROSSWALK – ARE PLACED
AT INTERSECTIONS AND OTHER PLACES
WHERE THERE IS CONSIDERABLE
PEDESTRIANS TRAFFIC TO PROVIDE
PEDESTRIANS WITH SAFETY ZONES
WHEN CROSSING 
525. PARTIAL DISAGREEMENT
APPROACH –PRODUCE TALKING BY THE
WORD “I’M SURE” IF I FULLY AGREE.

526. PATTERN REFERS TO A SERIES OF

SIMILARITIES THAT MAY LINK
PARTICULAR CASES OR INDICATE THAT
THE SAME PERSON IS COMMITTING A
SERIES OF CRIMES.

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 527. PD 1911 - A LAW AUTHORIZING THE
DISPOSAL OF OF UNCLAIMED
RECOVERED AND IMPOUNDED
CARNAPPED MOTOR VEHICLES. 

528. PEAT – IT IS PARTIALLY DECAYED

PLANT MATTER FOUND IN SWAMPS
CALLED BAGS AND USED AS A FUEL
CHIEFLY IN AREAS WHERE COAL AND
OIL ARE SCARCE.
529. PEDESTRIAN - IS A PERSON
TRAVELING ON FOOT
WHETHER WALKING OR RUNNING. 
530. PEDESTRIAN CROSSING - IS A PLACE
DESIGNATED FOR PEDESTRIANS TO
CROSS A ROAD. 
531. PENALIZATION - THE COURT
IMPOSES THE PENALTY UPON THE
RESPONDENTS.
532. PERSEVERANCE - BRING THE
DESIRED CONCLUSION IN SPITE OF
OBSTACLES.
533. PERSISTENCE ● CONTINUING IN THE
FACE OF OPPOSITION, OR REFUSING TO

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 GIVE UP WHEN FACED WITH AN
ADVERSE SITUATION.
534. PEYOTE - THE COMMON NAME FOR
THE SMALL MEXICAN CACTUS,
LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII, WHICH
CONTAINS THE HALLUCINOGEN,
MESCALINE. 

535. PHARMACODYNAMICS - THE STUDY

OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF DRUG
CONCENTRATION TO DRUG EFFECTS. 

536. PHARMACOKINETICS - THE STUDY

OF THE TIME COURSE OF THE
PROCESSES
(ABSORPTION,DISTRIBUTION,
METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION) A DRUG
UNDERGOES IN THE BODY. 

537. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP) - HAS AN

ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY AND IS
MANUFACTURED LEGITIMATELY FOR
USE AS A VETERINARY ANESTHETIC. IT
HAS NO LEGITIMATE USE IN HUMANS

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 BECAUSE OF ITS HALLUCINOGENIC
ACTIONS.
538. PHENOMENA - A CIRCUMSTANCE,
EVENT OR OCCURRENCE AS IT
ACTUALLY EXISTS OR EXISTED.
539. PHOTOGRAPHY -  THE MOST
RELIABLE MEANS OF PRESERVING THE
CRIME SCENE OR EVIDENCE. 
540. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE - AN
ADAPTIVE STATE CAUSED BY REPEATED
DRUG USE THAT REVEALS ITSELF BY
DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSE PHYSICAL
SYMPTOMS WHEN THE DRUG IS
STOPPED (WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME).

541. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE - EVIDENCED

ADDRESSED TO THE SENSES OF THE
COURT THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING
EXHIBITED, EXAMINED OR VIEWED BY
THE COURT. THIS INCLUDES BUT NOT
LIMITED TO FINGERPRINTS, BODY
FLUID, EXPLOSIVES, HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS, SOIL/BURNED DEBRIS,
BOMBS, ELECTRONIC PARTS USED IN
THE COMMISSION OF THE CRIME.

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 542. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF
ARRESTED PERSON — IMMEDIATELY
AFTER THE ARREST OF A PERSON
ARRESTED BY THE COURT.
543. PHYSICAL FORM – THE SMALLER
THE PIECE OF WOOD, THE EASIER IT IS
TO BURN.
544. PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION — IS
BASED ON THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
OF THE CRIME SCENE MAINLY FOCUSED
ON THE PIECES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE.
545. PHYSICAL TORTURE IS A FORM OF
TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT
INFLICTED BY A PERSON IN AUTHORITY
OR AGENT OF A PERSON IN AUTHORITY
UPON ANOTHER IN HIS/HER CUSTODY
THAT CAUSES SEVERE PAIN,
EXHAUSTION, DISABILITY OR
DYSFUNCTION OF ONE OR MORE PARTS
OF THE BODY
546. PICKING - ADHERENCE OF A DRUG
TO THE FACE OF THE PUNCH USED TO
PRODUCE A TABLET.PICKING CREATES
HOLES IN THE SURFACES OF PRESSED

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 TABLETS, USUALLY NEAR LETTERS
SUCH AS A OR R. 
547. PLACE IDENTIFICATION SIGNS —
THESE MAY BE USED TO SHOW THE
FRONTIER BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES
OR FOR THE PURPOSE OF SHOWING THE
BEGINNING AND/OR END OF BUILT-UP
AREAS.
548. PLANTING OF EVIDENCE. — THE
WILLFUL ACT BY ANY PERSON OF
MALICIOUSLY AND SURREPTITIOUSLY
INSERTING, PLACING, ADDING OR
ATTACHING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY,
THROUGH ANY OVERT OR COVERT ACT,
549. PLANTS A PREPARATION TO SET A
FIRE IS TERMED AS A PLANT.

550. PLASTICS – PLASTICS ARE INCLUDED

AS ORDINARY FUELS UNDER CLASS A
EXCEPT THOSE MATERIALS OF OR
CONTAINING CELLULOSE NITRATE.

551. PNP HIGHWAY PATROL GROUP - IS

AN OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UNIT OF
THE PNP IN CHARGED OF ANTI-

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 CARNAPPING, HIGHWAY ROBBERY AND
HI-JACKING INCIDENTS. FORMERLY
CALLED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
GROUP. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN
METRO MANILA IS MANAGED BY THE
MMDA. 
552. POINT OF ORIGIN - THE EXACT
PHYSIAL LOCATION WHERE A HEAT
SOURCE AND FUEL COMES IN CONTACT
WITH EACH OTHER AND A FIRE
BEGINS. 
553. POINT OF ORIGIN - THE EXACT
PHYSICAL LOCATION WHERE A HEAT
SOURCE AND FUEL COMES IN CONTACT
WITH EACH OTHER AND A FIRE BEGINS.

554. POLICE BLOTTER - IS AN 18" X 12"

LOGBOOK WITH HARD BOUND COVER
THAT CONTAINS THE DAILY REGISTER
OF ALL CRIME INCIDENT REPORTS,
OFFICIAL SUMMARY OF ARRESTS AND
OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS REPORTED
IN A POLICE STATION. A SEPARATE
POLICE BLOTTER SHALL BE

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 MAINTAINED FOR OFFENSES
REQUIRING CONFIDENTIALITY LIKE
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND
CHILDREN AND THOSE CASES
INVOLVING A CHILD IN CONFLICT WITH
THE LAW TO PROTECT THEIR PRIVACY
PURSUANT TO RA 9262 (ANTI VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN ACT
OF 2004) AND RA 9344 ( JUVENILE
JUSTICE AND WELFARE ACT OF 2006).

555. POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY – DIVISION

OF FORENSIC SCIENCE FOCUSED IN
PROVIDING PICTORIAL RECORD OF THE
CRIME SCENE.

556. POLITICAL GRAFT- COMMITTED BY

POLITICAL CRIMINALS FOR PURPOSES
OF GAINING PROFIT THOUGH VIOLENCE
OR FORCE FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF
POLITICAL GOALS OR AMBITIONS SUCH
AS USED OF PRIVATE ARMIES, BUYING
OF VOTES OR THREATENING VOTERS

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 557. POLITICAL TERRORISTS - THE USE
OF FORCE OR THE FEAR OF FORCE TO
ACHIEVE A POLITICAL END. 

558. POLYDRUG ABUSE - MANY PEOPLE

WHO ABUSE ON DRUG TEND TO TAKE
ALL SORTS OF DRUGS. SOME PLAY
CHEMICAL “RUSSIAN ROULETTES” BY
TAKING EVERYTHING INCLUDING
UNIDENTIFIED PILLS. THIS IS CALLED
POLYDRUG ABUSE. 
559. POLYGRAPHY OR LIE DETECTION
TEST – FOCUSED IN DETECTING
DECEPTION.

560. POWER-REASSURANCE RAPIST - THE

RAPIST WHO PSYCHOLOGICALLY
DOUBT HIS MASCULINITY AND SEEKS
TO DISPEL THIS DOUBT BY EXERCISING
POWER AND CONTROL OVER WOMEN. 
561. PRACTITIONER. — ANY PERSON
WHO IS A LICENSED PHYSICIAN,
DENTIST, CHEMIST, MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST, NURSE, MIDWIFE,

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 VETERINARIAN OR PHARMACIST IN THE
PHILIPPINES.
562. PREMIXED FLAME – IS EXEMPLIFIED
BY A BUNSEN-TYPE LABORATORY
BURNER WHERE HYDROCARBON (ANY
SUBSTANCE CONTAINING PRIMARILY
CARBON AND HYDROGEN) IS
THOROUGHLY MIXED WITH AIR
BEFORE REACHING THE FLAME ZONE.
563. PRE-SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE IS
A CONFERENCE HELD BEFORE A
SURVEILLANCE IS CONDUCTED.
564. PREPARATION - A BACKGROUND
DATA OF THE SUBJECT SHOULD BE
AVAILABLE SO THAT HE COULD ADAPT
HIMSELF TO THE KIND OF APPROACH
TO BE EMPLOYED.
565. PREPARATION OF NARRATIVE
REPORT — THE TEAM LEADER USES THE
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH IN MAKING A
NARRATIVE REPORT.
566. PRESENTATION- IT IS THE
FUNCTION THAT IS PRIMARILY
MANIFESTED INSIDE THE COURTROOM.

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 567. PRESERVATION- INCLUDES ACT OF
KEEPING THE COLLECTED EVIDENCES
IN THEIR TRUE AND ORIGINAL FOR,
PREVENTING CONTAMINATION OR
DESTRUCTION OF ITS SUBSTANTIVE
VALUE.
568. PRESSURIZED OR FORCED DRAFT
BURNING EQUIPMENT - TYPE OR
BURNER WHERE THE FUEL IS
SUBJECTED TO PRESSURE PRIOR TO
DISCHARGE INTO THE COMBUSTION
CHAMBER AND /OR WHICH INCLUDES
FANS OR OTHER PROVISIONS FOR THE
INTRODUCTION OF AIR ABOVE NORMAL
ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE INTO THE
SAME COMBUSTION CHAMBER. 
569. PRETENSE OF SOLID EVIDENCE
AGAINST THE ACCUSED – THE
INVESTIGATOR BLUFFS THE SUSPECTS
THAT EVEN IF HE WILL NOT CONFESS,
THERE IS ENOUGH EVIDENCE TO SEND
HIM TO JAIL.
570. PRIMARY CRIME SCENE IS A TYPE
OF CRIME SCENE WHERE A CRIME
ACTUALLY OCCURRED.

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 571. PRIORITY SIGNS — THESE ARE
SIGNS INTENDED TO REGULATE
PRIORITY OVER A PARTICULAR ROAD
SECTION OR ROADWAY
INTERSECTION.
572. PROACTIVE INVESTIGATION -
THESE ARE DESIGNED TO CATCH A
CRIMINAL IN THE ACT OF
COMMITTING A CRIME.
573. PROBE ● SIMILAR TO FORMAL
INVESTIGATION, IS AN EXTENSIVE,
SEARCHING INQUIRY CONDUCTED BY A
GOVERNMENT AGENCY.
574. PROHIBITED DETENTION. - SECRET
DETENTION PLACES, SOLITARY
CONFINEMENT, INCOMMUNICADO OR
OTHER SIMILAR FORMS OF DETENTION,
WHERE TORTURE MAY BE CARRIED OUT
WITH IMPUNITY.
575. PROHIBITIONS- NO TORTURE,
FORCE, VIOLENCE, THREAT,
INTIMIDATION, OR ANY OTHER MEANS
WHICH VIOLATES THE FREE WILL
SHALL BE USED THE SUSPECT.

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 576. PROFESSIONAL- BUILDS OR BOMBS
OR DOES BOTH FOR PROFIT
577. PROFESSIONAL DRIVER – SHALL
MEAN EVERY AND ANY DRIVER HIRED
OR PAID FOR DRIVING OR OPERATING A
MOTOR VEHICLE, WHETHER FOR
PRIVATE USE OR FOR PUBLIC. 

578. PROFESSIONAL ROBBER - THIS

CHARACTERIZED AS HAVING A LONG-
TERM COMMITMENT TO CRIME AS A
SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD, PLANNING
AND ORGANIZING CRIMES BEFORE
COMMITTING THEM AND PURSUING
MONEY TO SUPPORT A PARTICULAR
LIFESTYLE.
579. PROFILOGRAPH - DEVISED USED TO
MEASURE PAVEMENT SURFACE
ROUGHNESS. 
580. PROJECTION – IT IS THE PROCESS OF
PUTTING THE BLAME TO OTHER
PERSON, NOT ALONE TO THE SUSPECT.
581. PROPOXYPHENE - A MILDLY
EFFECTIVE NARCOTIC ANALGESIC,
SOMEWHAT LESS POTENT THAN

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 CODEINE, THAT BEARS A CLOSE
STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP TO
METHADONE. 
582. PROSECUTION - WHILE THIS IS A
COURT FUNCTION THE TRAFFIC LAW
ENFORCERS ALSO PROVIDES
CORRESPONDING INFLUENCE THROUGH
PREPARATION AND INTRODUCTION OF
EVIDENCE OR BY CLOSE CONTACT WITH
THE PROSECUTING OFFICER.
583. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - CLOTHING
FOR PROTECTION AGAINST FLAMES,
FALLING OBJECTS, AND OTHER
HAZARDS
584. PROTECTOR/CODDLER. — ANY
PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY AND
WILLFULLY CONSENTS TO THE
UNLAWFUL ACTS PROVIDED FOR IN
THIS ACT AND USES HIS/ HER
INFLUENCE, POWER OR POSITION IN
SHIELDING, HARBORING, SCREENING
OR FACILITATING THE ESCAPE OF ANY
PERSON HE/SHE KNOWS
585. PROVOCATEUR ● AN INDIVIDUAL
FROM THE ENEMY FORCES WHO IS

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 DELIBERATELY INTRODUCED IN OUR
CUSTODY WITH A SPECIFIC MISSION OF
CAUSING SOME UNFAVORABLE ACTION
OR REACTION ON OUR PART.
586. PROVOCATIVE APPROACH –
UTILIZATION OF CONVERSATIONAL
GAMBITS
587. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS - THESE ARE
OFTEN DESCRIBED AS A PSYCHOTROPIC
(MIND AFFECTING) OR MIND ALTERING
DRUGS. IT IS A CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCE THAT CHANGES ONES
THINKING, FEELINGS, PERCEPTIONS
AND BEHAVIORS. 

588. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE - AN

ATTACHMENT TO DRUG USE WHICH
ARISES FROM A DRUG ABILITY TO
SATISFY SOME EMOTIONAL OR
PERSONALITY NEED OF AN INDIVIDUAL.
(PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE NOT
REQUIRED BUT IT DOES NOT SEEM TO
REINFORCE PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEPENDENCE. 

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 589. PSYCHOPATHIC- ACTS WITHOUT
RHYME OR REASON

590. PUBLIC ASSEMBLY BUILDING - ANY

BUILDING OR STRUCTURE WHERE 50 OR
MORE PEOPLE CONGREGATE, GATHER
OR ASSEMBLE FOR ANY PURPOSE. 

591. PUBLIC WAY - ANY STREET, ALLEY

OR OTHER STRIP OF LAND
UNOBSTRUCTED FROM THE GROUND TO
THE SKY, DEDICATED FOR PUBLIC USE. 

592. PUSHER. — ANY PERSON WHO

SELLS, TRADES, ADMINISTERS,
DISPENSES, DELIVERS OR GIVES AWAY
TO ANOTHER, ON ANY TERMS
WHATSOEVER, OR DISTRIBUTES,
DISPATCHES IN TRANSIT OR
TRANSPORTS DANGEROUS DRUGS OR
WHO ACTS AS A BROKER IN ANY OF
SUCH TRANSACTIONS, IN VIOLATION OF
THIS ACT
593. PYROLYSIS - THE FIRE CONSUMES
THE MOST SOLID PART OF THE FUEL;

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 THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF
COMBUSTIBLE MATTER

594. PYROPHORIC - DESCRIPTIVE OF ANY

SUBSTANCE THAT IGNITES
SPONTANEOUSLY WHEN EXPOSED TO
AIR. 
595. QUALITATIVE TEST - A TEST THAT
DETERMINES THE PRESENCE OR
ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC DRUGS OR
METABOLITES, PROTEINS, OR ENZYMES
IN THE SPECIMEN OR SAMPLE. 
596. QUESTIONING. THIS IS THE HEART
OF THE INTERROGATION.
597. RA 4136 - LAND TRANSPORTATION
AND TRAFFIC CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES. 
598. RA 7160, “THE ACT PROVIDING FOR
A LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991”.
599. RA 7438 - AN ACT DEFINING
CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER
CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION.
600. RA 8353 - THE ANTI-RAPE LAW OF
1997.

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 601. RA 8792 — “ELECTRONIC
COMMERCE ACT”
602. RA 9514 - THE FIRE CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES.
603. RA 9745: AN ACT PENALIZING
TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL,
INHUMAN AND DEGRADING
TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT AND
PRESCRIBING PENALTIES THEREOF.
604. RABBIT (HARE) IS A TERM
REFERRING TO THE SUBJECT OF
SHADOWING AND TAILING.

605. RADIATION -  ELECTROMAGNETIC

WAVES THAT DIRECTLY TRANSPORT 
ENERGY THROUGH SPACE

606. RADIATIVE/RADIATION HEAT

TRANSFER - HEAT IS TRANSFERRED IF
THE FORM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY DIRECTLY FROM ONE OBJECT
TO ANOTHER. EX. INFRARED
RADIATION FROM THE SUN. 

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 607. RAIL ADHESION - GRIP WHEELS OF
A TRAIN HAVE ON THE RAILS. 

608. RANDOM SEARCH METHOD: THIS IS

THE MOST COMMON METHOD
EMPLOYED BY THE INVESTIGATORS,
BECAUSE OF THE FEASIBILITY AT ANY
LOCATION.
609. RANSNATIONAL CRIME- A
CONTINUING ILLEGAL ACTIVITY OF
GROUP OF PERSON WHICH IS
PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE
GENERATION OF PROFITS,
IRRESPECTIVE OF NATIONAL
BOUNDARIES AS A RESULT OF
GLOBALIZATION
610. RAPE AND SEXUAL ABUSE,
INCLUDING THE INSERTION OF
FOREIGN OBJECTS INTO THE SEX
ORGAN OR RECTUM, OR ELECTRICAL
TORTURE OF THE GENITALS
611. RAPPORT – IT IS THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INTIMACY BETWEEN
THE INTERVIEWER AND THE
INTERVIEWEE.

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 612. RATE OF COMBUSTION – WITH AN
UNLIMITED SUPPLY OF OXYGEN, THE
RATE OF BURNS INCREASES, MORE
HEAT IS PRODUCED AND FUEL IS
CONSUMED MORE COMPLETELY.
613. RATE AND PERIOD OF HEATING –
LESS FLAMMABLE MATERIALS DON’T
EASILY IGNITE AND NEEDS DIRECT
CONTACT WITH FLAME THAN HIGHLY
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
614. RATIONALIZATION – IT IS THE USE
OF REASONS, WHICH IS ACCEPTABLE TO
THE SUBJECT THAT LED TO THE
COMMISSION OF THE CRIME.
615. REACTIVE INVESTIGATION -
INITIATED ON THE BASIS OF A
COMPLAINT.
616. READ BETWEEN THE LINES.” THIS IS
THE ABILITY OF THE INVESTIGATOR TO
INTERPRET THE WORDS OR PHRASES
ENCOUNTERED IN THE PROCESS OF
INVESTIGATION.
617. RECOGNITION- INVOLVES THE
EFFORTS OF IDENTIFYING DATA,
INCLUDING PHYSICAL THINGS THAT

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 MAY PROVIDE RELEVANT
INFORMATION REGARDING THE
CRIMINAL CASE BEING INVESTIGATED.
618. RECONSTRUCTION — IT IS THE
ASSESSMENT MADE BY INVESTIGATOR
AFTER THE CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION, OF HOW THE CRIME IS
COMMITTED.
619. RECORD CHECK — THE OFFICER
SHALL MAKE A RECORD CHECK FOR
THE POSSIBILITY THAT THE ARRESTED
PERSON IS WANTED FOR CRIMES OTHER
THAN THAT FOR WHICH HE WAS
ARRESTED.
620. RECORDING. THE INTERROGATOR
SHOULD TAKE NOTES IN CRYPTIC IF
POSSIBLE.
621. REFINING - A PROCESS WHERE
IMPURITIES AND,OR DELETERIOUS
MATERIALS ARE REMOVED FROM A
MIXTURE IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A
PURE ELEMENT OF COMPOUND. IT
SHALL ALSO REFER TO PARTIAL
DISTILLATION AND ELECTROLYSIS. 

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 622. REFLECTORIZED MARKINGS – ARE
USED TO MARK HAZARDOUS AREAS
 AND ALSO USED AS DELINEATORS OR
ROAD LIMITS, THESE DELINEATORS ARE
AIDS ESPECIALLY DURING NIGHT
DRIVING, PARTICULARLY WHEN  THE
ALIGNMENT OF A ROAD CHANGES AND
MIGHT CONFUSED THE   OPERATOR OF
THE VEHICLE. 
623. REFUSAL TO TALK WITNESSES -
THESE ARE THE MOST DIFFICULT
SUBJECTS TO DEAL WITH. THE CAUSES
MAYBE TRAUMA, SHOCK, FEAR,
HATRED, AND OTHERS.

624. REGULATORY DEVICES — IT IS

HAVING AN AUTHORITY OF THE LAW
AND IMPOSE PRECISE REQUIREMENT
UPON THE ACTION OF THE ROAD USER.

625. REGULATORY SIGNS — THESE ARE

INTENDED TO WARN ROAD USERS OF
SPECIAL OBLIGATIONS, RESTRICTIONS
OR PROHIBITION WITH WHICH THEY
MUST COMPLY.

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 626. REHABILITATION - IS A DYNAMIC
PROCESS DIRECTED TOWARDS THE
CHANGES ON THE HEALTH OF THE
PERSON TO PREPARE HIM FROM HIS
FULLEST LIFE POTENTIALS AND
CAPABILITIES, AND MAKING HIM LAW-
ABIDING AND PRODUCTIVE MEMBER OF
THE COMMUNITY WITHOUT ABUSING
DRUGS. 
627. REKINDLE - A RETURN TO FLAMING
COMBUSTION AFTER INCOMPLETE
EXTINGUISHMENT OF A FIRE REIGNING
AT SOME TIME AFTER BEING PUT OUT.

628. RELEASE OF THE CRIME SCENE —

THE RELEASE OF THE CRIME SCENE
SHALL BE DONE IF THE INVESTIGATOR
IS SATISFIED THAT ALL PIECES OF
EVIDENCE HAVE BEEN RECOVERED.

629. REMOVING THE ETHNIC OR

CULTURAL BARRIER – IF THE SUSPECT
IS AN ILOCANO, HE SHOULD BE
INTERROGATED BY AN ILOCANO
INVESTIGATOR AND THE SAME WITH

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 OTHER ETHNIC OR CULTURAL GROUPS.

630. REPORTING. THE END PRODUCT OF

AN INTERROGATION IS THE TACTICAL
INTERROGATION REPORT CONTAINING
THE INFORMATION GAINED.
631. REPUTATIONAL RISK-THE
POTENTIAL THAT ADVERSE PUBLICITY
REGARDING A BANK’S BUSINESS
PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATIONS,
WHETHER ACCURATE OR NOT, WILL
CAUSE A LOSS OF CONFIDENCE IN THE
INTEGRITY OF THE INSTITUTION.
632. RESCUE VEHICLES ARE ENCLOSED
VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH MANY OF
THE SAME KINDS OF FORCIBLE ENTRY
TOOLS THAT LADDER APPLIANCES
CARRY.
633. RESEARCH ● IT IS THE MOST
EMPLOYED TYPE OF INVESTIGATION
REFERS TO THE CAREFUL, PATIENT
INVESTIGATION DONE BY SCIENTIST OR
SCHOLARS IN THEIR EFFORTS TO
IDENTIFY ORIGINAL SOURCES OF DATA
OR CAUSES OF PROBLEM.

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 634. REVERSE LINE-UP – THE SUSPECT IS
PLACED AMONG OTHER PERSONS IN A
LINE UP AND HE IS IDENTIFIED BY
SEVERAL COMPLAINANT AND
WITNESSES WHO WILL ASSOCIATE THE
SUSPECT IN OTHER SEVERAL CRIMES.

635. RIGHT OF WAY - IS A STRIP OF LAND

THAT IS GRANTED, THROUGH AN
EASEMENT OR OTHER MECHANISM FOR
TRANSPORTATION PURPOSES SUCH AS
FOR A TRAIL, DRIVEWAY, RAIL LINE OR
HIGHWAY. 

636. ROAD INTELLIGENCE – UNUSUAL

POINTS OF SERIOUS CONGESTION MUST
BE NOTED.NOTE AND REPORT
UNNECESSARY DELAY AT STOP SIGNS
OR SIGNALS WHICH ARE INSTALLED
WHEN TRAFFIC IS HEAVIER. NOTE AND
REPORT CONGESTION THAT TIES UP
TRAFFIC FOR A BLOCK OR MORE. 

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 637. ROAD TEXTURE - AFFECTS THE
INTERACTION OF TIRES AND THE
DRIVING SURFACE. 
638. ROAD USER SYSTEM — INCLUDES
PEDESTRIANS, PEDAL CYCLIST,
DRIVERS, PASSENGERS AND OTHERS.
639. ROPE JOB – STRIKING UP
FRIENDSHIP WITH THE SUBJECT.

640. ROUGES GALLERY - IS A POLICE

COLLECTION OF PICTURES OR
PHOTOGRAPHS OF CRIMINALS AND
SUSPECTS KEPT FOR IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSES.A COMPILATION OF
DESCRIPTIONS, METHODS OF
OPERATION HAVING PLACES AND
NAMES OF CRIMINAL AND THEIR
ASSOCIATES.

641. ROUGH SKETCH -  THE FIRST PENCIL-

DRAWN OUTLINE OF THE SCENE AND
THE LOCATION OF OBJECTS AND
EVIDENCE WITHIN THIS OUTLINE. 

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 642. ROUTINE CRIMINAL CASES -
INTERVIEW SHOULD BE CAREFULLY
PLANNED. BUSY PERSON CAN BE
INTERVIEWED AT NIGHT, PRIVACY IS
IMPORTANT.
643. RULES OF THE ROAD - ARE THE
LAWS AND THE INFORMAL RULES THAT
MAY HAVE DEVELOPED OVERTIME TO
FACILITATE THE ORDERLY AND TIMELY
FLOW OF TRAFFIC. 
644. SAFE HOUSE IS A PLACE, BUILDING,
ENCLOSED MOBILE, OR AN
APARTMENT, WHERE POLICE
UNDERCOVER MEN MEET HIS ACTION
AGENT.
645. SAVING FACES - EMBARRASSING
QUESTIONS ON THE SUBJECT ON
MATTERS OF EXAGGERATION OR
HONEST ERROR ABOUT TIME, DISTANCE
AND DESCRIPTION CAN BE AVOIDED IF
THE INVESTIGATOR WILL COOPERATE
WITH SUBJECT TO “SAVE HIS FACE.”
646. SCREENING IS THE INITIAL
EXAMINATION OF AN INTERROGEE TO

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 DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF HIS
KNOWLEDGE.
647. SEARCH WARRANT — IT IS AN
ORDER IN WRITING ISSUED IN THE
NAME OF THE PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, SIGNED BY THE JUDGE
AND DIRECTED TO A PEACE OFFICER,
COMMANDING HIM TO SEARCH FOR
ANY PROPERTY DESCRIBED THEREIN
AND BRING IT BEFORE THE COURT.
648. SECOBARBITAL - A BARBITURATE
DERIVATIVE OF SHORT DURATION OF
ACTION; USED AS EITHER A SEDATIVE
OR HYPNOTIC. 
649. SECONDARY CRIME SCENE IS IN
SOME WAY RELATED TO THE CRIME
BUT IS NOT WHERE THE ACTUAL CRIME
TOOK PLACE.

650. SELF CLOSING DOORS - AUTOMATIC

CLOSING DOORS THAT ARE DESIGNED
TO CONFINE SMOKE AND HEAT AND
DELAY THE SPREAD O FIRE.
651. SELL. — ANY ACT OF GIVING AWAY
ANY DANGEROUS DRUG AND/OR

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 CONTROLLED PRECURSOR AND
ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL WHETHER FOR
MONEY OR ANY OTHER
CONSIDERATION.

652. SERIAL KILLER - IS SOMEONE WHO

MURDERS 3 OR MORE PEOPLE WITH
"COOLING OFF" PERIODS IN BETWEEN.

653. SERIOUS CRIME- SHALL MEAN

CONDUCT CONSTITUTING AN OFFENCE
PUNISHABLE BY MAXIMUM
DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY OF AT LEAST
FOUR YEARS OR A MORE SERIOUS
PENALTY
654. SERVICE PROVIDER REFERS TO A
PROVIDER OF ONLINE SERVICES OR
NETWORK ACCESS OR THE OPERATOR
OF FACILITIES.

655. SHABU - IN THE MID 80’S IT WAS

INTRODUCED IN THE PHILIPPINES AND
HAS GAINED POPULARITY NOT ONLY IN
URBAN AREAS BUT RURAL

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 COMMUNITIES AS WELL. IT IS ALSO
REGARDED AS POOR MAN’S COCAINE.

656. SHORT CIRCUIT – UNUSUAL OR

ACCIDENTAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
TWO POINTS AT DIFFERENT
POTENTIALS (CHARGE) IN AN
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT OF RELATIVELY
LOW RESISTANCE.
657. SIMPLICITY OF QUESTIONS - A
SHORT SIMPLE QUESTION AT A TIME IS
REQUIRED. AVOID LEGALISTIC
QUESTIONS.

658. SIT ON - CONDUCT A STAKEOUT OR

STATIONARY SURVEILLANCE.

659. SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL - WAS ONE

OF THE FIRST TO ADVOCATE THE USE
OF FINGERPRINTING IN THE
IDENTIFICATION OF CRIMINAL
SUSPECTS.
660. SITUATIONAL USER - THOSE WHO
USE DRUGS TO KEEP THEM AWAKE OR
FOR ADDITIONAL ENERGY TO PERFORM

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 AN IMPORTANT WORK. SUCH
INDIVIDUAL MAY OR MAY NOT EXHIBIT
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE. 

661. SKETCH - A ROUGH DRAWING OR

PAINTING, OFTEN MADE TO ASSIST IN
MAKING A MORE FINISHED PICTURE.

662. SKETCH OF DETAILS — DESCRIBES

THE IMMEDIATE CRIME SCENE ONLY.
663. SKETCH OF GROUNDS —
INCLUDESTHE CRIME SCENE AND IT'S
NEAREST ENVIRONMENT, EX. A HOUSE
W/ GARDEN.
664. SKETCH OF LOCALITY — GIVES A
PICTURE OF THE CRIME SCENE IN
RELATION TO ITS ENVIRONS INCLUDING
NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS, ROADS, ETC.

665. SKID MARK - IS THE MARK A TIRE

MAKES WHEN A VEHICLE WHEEL
STOPS ROLLING AND SLIDES OR SPINS
ON THE SURFACE OF THE ROAD. 

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 666. SMELTING - MELTING OR FUSING OF
METALLIC ORES OR COMPOUNDS SO AS
TO SEPARATE IMPURITIES FROM PURE
METALS. 
667. SMOKE DETECTOR IS A DEVICE
THAT SOUNDS AN ALARM IF A SMALL
AMOUNT OF SMOKE ENTERS THEIR
SENSORS.
668. SMUGGLING-ALSO KNOWN AS
TRAFFICKING, IS THE CLANDESTINE
TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS OR
PERSONS PAST A POINT WHERE
PROHIBITED, SUCH AS OUT OF A
BUILDING, INTO A PRISON, OR ACROSS
AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER, IN
VIOLATION OF THE LAW OR OTHER
RULES
669. SOLID COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS –
INCLUDES ORGANIC AND INORGANIC,
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC, AND
METALLIC SOLID MATERIALS.
670. SOLID WHITE LINE – IS USED TO
SEPARATE OPPOSING STREAMS OF

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 TRAFFIC. CROSSING IS UNLAWFUL
EXCEPT WHERE AMPLE DISTANCE
 EXISTS AND WHERE THE OPPOSING
TRAFFIC LANE IS CLEAR OF TRAFFIC. 

671. SOLID YELLOW LINE – IS YOUR

DRIVING LANE PROHIBITS YOU FROM 
PASSING OTHER VEHICLES. 
672. SOLITARY FIRE SETTER — THEY SET
FIRES SECRETLY FOR REVENGE OR
SPITE.

673. SOLVENT - A SUBSTANCE CAPABLE

OF DISSOLVING ANOTHER SUBSTANCE
(SOLUTE) TO FORM A UNIFORMLY
DISPERSED MIXTURE (SOLUTION) AT
THE MOLECULAR OR IONIC SIZE LEVEL. 

674. SOLVENTS AND INHALANTS -

VOLATILE LIQUIDS THAT GIVE OFF A
VAPOR, WHICH IS INHALED PRODUCING
SHORT TERM EXCITEMENT AND

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 EUPHORIC FOLLOWED BY A PERIOD OF
DISORIENTATION.
675. SOMATIC DEATH — IT IS A
COMPLETE, CONTINUOUS, PERSISTENT
CESSATION OF RESPIRATION,
CIRCULATION AND ALMOST ALL BRAIN
FUNCTIONS OF AN ORGANISM.
676. SOURCE REFERS TO ANY PERSON
WHO FOR ANY REASON SUBMITS
INFORMATION OF INTELLIGENCE
INTEREST USUALLY ON A VOLUNTARY
BASIS.
677. SPALLING - CHIPPING OR PITTING
OF CONCRETE OR MASONRY SURFACES. 

678. SPARKING – PRODUCTION OF

INCANDESCENT PARTICLES WHEN TWO
DIFFERENT POTENTIALS (CHARGED
CONDUCTORS) COME IN CONTACT;
OCCURS DURING SHORT CIRCUITS OR
WELDING OPERATIONS.

679. SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION -

THE INVESTIGATION OF CASES THAT
ARE UNIQUE AND OFTEN REQUIRE

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 SPECIAL TRAINING TO FULLY
UNDERSTAND THEIR BROAD
SIGNIFICANCE. 
680. SPECIFIC GRAVITY – THE RATIO OF
THE WEIGHT OF A SOLID OR LIQUID
SUBSTANCE TO THE WEIGHT OF AN
EQUAL VOLUME OF WATER.

681. SPECTROMETRY - MODERN

DETECTION METHOD OF ALCOHOL AND
DRUGS. 
682. SPEED LIMIT - DEFINE THE
MAXIMUM, MINIMUM OR NO SPEED
LIMIT AND ARE NORMALLY INDICATED
USING A TRAFFIC SIGN. 

683. SPIRAL METHOD-THIS IS WELL

SUITED FOR LAGER INDOOR AND
OUTDOOR CRIME SCENE WITH LESS
OBSTACLES (LIKE FURNITURE ETC.).
684. SPIRAL SEARCH METHOD - THE
SEARCHERS (3 PERSON IS GOOD)
FOLLOW EACH OTHER ALONG THE
PATH OF A SPIRAL BEGINNING ON THE

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 OUTSIDE AND SPIRALING IN TOWARDS
THE CENTRE.
685. SPIRAL SEARCH- SEARCH METHOD
IN WHICH THE INVESTIGATOR MOVE IN
AN INWARD SPIRAL FROM THE
BOUNDARY TO THE CENTER OF THE
SCENE OR IN AN OUTWARD SPIRAL
FROM THE CENTER TO THE BOUNDARY
OF A SCENE. 
686. SPLIT FRICTION - DANGEROUS
CONDITION ARISING DUE TO VARYING
FRICTION ON EITHER SIDE OF A CAR. 

687. SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION - THE

IGNITION OF ORGANIC MATTER WITH
OUT APPARENT CAUSE, TYPICALLY
THROUGH HEAT GENERATED
INTERNALLY BY RAPID OXIDATION. A
PROCESS WHEREBY A MATERIAL SELF
HEATS. 

688. SPONTANEOUS HEATING - THE

HEATING OF AN ORGANIC SUBSTANCE 
WITHOUT THE ADDITION OF EXTERNAL

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 HEAT. 

689. SPREE USER - SCHOOL AGE USER

WHO TAKE DRUGS FOR "KICKS",
ADVENTURE, DARING EXPERIENCE OR A
MEANS OF FUN. 

690. SPRINKLER SYSTEM - AN

INTEGRATED NETWORK OF
HYDRAULICALLY DESIGNED PIPING
INSTALLED IN A BUILDING, STRUCTURE
OR AREA WITH OUTLETS ARRANGED IN
A SYSTEMATIC PATTERN WHICH
AUTOMATICALLY DISCHARGES WATER
WHEN ACTIVATED BY HEAT OR
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS FROM A FIRE. 
691. SPY IS THE PRIMARY AND THE MOST
IMPORTANT HUMAN COLLECTOR
692. STAKE-OUT IS THE OBSERVATION OF
PLACES OR AREAS FROM A FIXED POINT

693. STANDPIPE SYSTEM - A SYSTEM OF

VERTICAL PIPES IN A BUILDING TO
WHICH FIRE HOSES CAN BE ATTACHED
ON EACH FLOOR, INCLUDING A SYSTEM

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 BY WHICH WATER IS MADE AVAILABLE
TO THE OUTLET AS NEEDED. 

694. STATE OF NECESSITY – THERE IS

STATE OF NECESSITY EVEN IF THE
INJURY TO A PERSON RESULTS IN HIS
DEATH, BECAUSE SELF-PRESERVATION
ALWAYS MAKES THE ACTOR FEEL THAT
HIS OWN SAFETY IS GREATER THAN
THAT OF ANOTHER. ELEMENTS OR
REQUISITES UNDER THE LAW; 1.) THE
EVIL SOUGHT TO AVOIDED ACTUALLY
EXISTS ; 2.) THE INJURY FEARED BE
GREATER THAT THAT DONE TO AVOID
IT; 3.) THAT THERE IS NO OTHER
PRACTICAL AND LESS HARMFUL MEANS
OF PREVENTING IT.
695. STATIONARY OBSERVATION –
OBSERVATION OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
OF A SELECTED PLACE, USUALLY ONE
WITH UNFAVORABLE
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCES FOR TRAFFIC
LAW SUPERVISION.
696. STERN APPROACH – THE
INVESTIGATOR DISPLAYS A STERN

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 (DEMANDS IMMEDIATE RESPONSE)
PERSONALITY TOWARDS THE SUSPECT
BY USING JOLTING AND OPPORTUNITY
TO LIE.

697. STIMULANT - A STIMULANT SPEEDS

UP A PERSON'S BODY AND BRAIN.
STIMULANTS, SUCH AS
METHAMPHETAMINES, HAVE THE
OPPOSITE EFFECT OF DEPRESSANTS.

698. STOP LINE – IT INDICATES WHERE

STOP SHOULD BE MADE. 

699. STRIP METHOD - THE AREA IS

BLOCKED OUT IN THE FORM OF A
RECTANGLE. THE SEARCHERS (3
PERSON IS GOOD) PROCEED SLOWLY AT
THE SAME PACE ALONG PATHS
PARALLEL TO ONE SIDE OF THE
RECTANGLE.

700. STRIP OR PARALLEL METHOD: IN

THIS METHOD THE VIRTUAL STRIPS OR
LINE ARE BEING IMAGINED TO WALK
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 THROUGH ON THE CRIME SCENE AND
LOOK FOR THE EVIDENCES. THE
METHOD IS WELL SUITED FOR THE
CRIME SCENE LIKE CLASS ROOMS,
WHERE ROWS ARE PRESENT ALREADY,
EACH ROW CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A
STRIP.

701. STRIPED CURB MARKINGS – ARE

MARKINGS USED IN TRAFFIC ISLANDS
 IN ORDER TO WARN THE DRIVER OF
THE TRAFFIC ISLAND ON THE ROAD
 AND AIDS THE MOTORIST TO ITS
TRAFFIC LANE. 

702. STRONGMAN IS AN AGENT

AVAILABLE TO PROVIDE SPECIAL
PROTECTION.
703. STRYCHNINE - AN ALKALOID FOUND
TOGETHER WITH THE LESS ACTIVE
BRUCINE IN THE SEED OF STRYCHNOS
NUX-VOMICA, A TREE INDIGENOUS TO
INDIA. IT IS A POTENT CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT AND
CONVULSANT, ACTING BY THE

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 SELECTIVE BLOCKAGE OF
POSTSYNAPTIC NEURONAL INHIBITION. 

704. SUBSTANCE ABUSE - USE OF

ALCOHOL OR DRUGS THAT RESULTS IN
ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE USER.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE IS A MAJOR HEALTH
AND SOCIAL PROBLEM IN THE UNITED
STATES AMONG ADOLESCENTS.

705. SUICIDAL- MAJOR ATTACK WEAPON

IN RECENT YEARS, PARTICULARLY
AMONG ISLAMIC TERRORIST GROUPS

706. SUPPLY REDUCTION STRATEGY -

WHICH REFERS TO THE CONCEPT
OF KEEPING THE  DRUGS AWAY FROM
THE POTENTIAL DRUG USERS. 

707. SUPERIOR REASONING ABILITY IS

THE ABILITY TO ANALYZE LOGICALLY A
MULTITUDE OF FACTS AND DETERMINE
HOW THEY INTERRELATE IS BASIC TO
THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS.

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 708. SURVEILLANCE ● CONSIST OF
KEEPING PERSONS, PLACE OR OTHER
TARGETS UNDER PHYSICAL
OBSERVATION
709. SUSPECT - A PERSON ARRESTED FOR
A CRIME.
710. SUSPICIOUS TYPE _ THESE TYPES OF
WITNESSES ARE SUSPICIOUS ABOUT
THE MOTIVE AND ACTIONS OF THE
INVESTIGATOR. THE BARRIER OF THE
SUSPICIONS MAY BE REMOVED BY
SINCERE EXPLANATIONS OR
PSYCHOLOGICAL PRESSURE.
711. SYMPATHETIC APPROACH – THE
INVESTIGATOR, IN HIS PRELIMINARY
OR PROBING QUESTIONS MUST DIG
DEEP INTO THE PAST TROUBLES,
PLIGHT AND UNFORTUNATE EVENTS IN
THE LIFE OF THE SUSPECT.

712. SYNDICATED CRIMES -COMES WITH

A STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION THAT
PARTICIPATES IN ILLICIT ACTIVITY IN
SOCIETY USING FORCE, OR
INTIMIDATION.

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 713. SYNTHETIC DRUG – IT IS THE DRUG
THAT IS ARTIFICIALLY PREPARED WITH
THE USE OF CHEMICALS.
714. TACTICAL INTERROGATION. THE
LEVEL OF INTERROGATION WHERE THE
SOURCE HAS SPECIFIC AND DETAILED
INFORMATION THAT REQUIRES A
TRAINED EXPERT IN THE SUBJECT
MATTER TO BE EXPLORED.
715. TAILING OR SHADOWING IS THE
OBSERVATION OF A PERSON’S
MOVEMENT
716. TALKATIVE TYPE - THESE ARE
WITNESSES WHO ARE PRONE TO
EXAGGERATE, ADDING IRRELEVANT OR
NEW MATTERS TO THEIR NARRATIONS.
THE SKILLFUL INVESTIGATOR COULD
PRUNE THE UNNECESSARY MATTERS
FROM RELEVANT ONES.
717. TEACHER-PUPIL APPROACH –
SUBJECT IS TREATED AS AN AUTHORITY.

718. TEASER BAIT APPROACH – ELICITOR

ACCUMULATES THE SOURCES OF

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 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT A PARTICULAR
SUBJECT.
719. TEMPERATURE – THE MEASURE OF
THE DEGREE OF THERMAL AGITATION
OF MOLECULES.
720. TERMINATION. THE TERMINATION
OF THE INTERROGATION WILL DEPEND
ON VARIOUS FACTORS SUCH AS THE
PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE SUBJECT.
721. TERRORISM - THE UNLAWFUL USE
OF THREAT OF VIOLENCE AGAINST
PERSON OR PROPERTY TO FURTHER
POLITICAL OR SOCIAL OBJECTIVES. 

722. TEST FOR TAILING IS THE COMMON

TRICK OF THE SUBJECT WHEN HE
BECOMES CONSCIOUS THAT HE IS
BEING TAILED.
723. TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL - (THC)
IT IS THE PSYCHOACTIVE AGENT OF
MARIJUANA. THE MORE THC PRESENT
IN MARIJUANA, THE MORE POTENT IS
THE DRUG. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE
“SINISTER ELEMENT” IN MARIJUANA.
THIS IS WHAT CAUSES THE “HIGH LIFT”

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 OR “TRIP” IN MARIJUANA USERS. 

724. THE INTELLIGENCE AND WISDOM

OF SOLOMON. INVESTIGATOR COULD
EASILY DECIPHER FALSEHOOD FROM
TRUTH AND SEPARATE THE GAIN FROM
THE CHAFF.
725. THERMAL INERTIA - THE EASE AT
WHICH A MATERIAL CAN BE IGNITED.
726. THEORIES BELIEFS REGARDING THE
BASED ON THE EVIDENCE, PATTERNS,
LEADS, TIPS AND OTHER INFORMATION
DEVELOPED AND UNCOVER IN THE
CASE.
727. TIME OF ARREST — AS A GENERAL
RULE, ARREST MAY BE MADE ON ANY
DAY AT ANY TIME OF THE DAY OR
NIGHT.
728. TIMID WITNESS - THEY ARE THE
SHY-TYPE OF WITNESSES. THE
APPROACH MUST BE FRIENDLY AND
REASSURING CONFIDENTIALITY OF
THEIR INFORMATION.
729. TIPS SPECIFICALLY REFER TO LEADS
PROVIDED BY THE CITIZENS THAT AID

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 IN THE PROGRESS OF AN
INVESTIGATION.
730. TOLERANCE - A STATE THAT
DEVELOPS AFTER LONG-TERM
EXPOSURE TO A DRUG.
731. "TORTURE" - AN ACT BY WHICH
SEVERE PAIN OR SUFFERING, WHETHER
PHYSICAL OR MENTAL

732. TRACE - MEANS TO FIND OR

DISCOVER BY INVESTIGATION.
733. TRACING EVIDENCE – ARTICLES
WHICH ASSISTS THE INVESTIGATOR IN
LOCATING THE SUSPECT.
734. TRADING. — TRANSACTIONS
INVOLVING THE ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING
OF DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR
CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND
ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS USING
ELECTRONIC DEVICES SUCH AS, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, TEXT MESSAGES, E-
MAIL, MOBILE OR LANDLINES, TWO-
WAY RADIOS, INTERNET, INSTANT
MESSENGERS AND CHAT ROOMS OR
ACTING AS A BROKER IN ANY OF SUCH

160
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 TRANSACTIONS WHETHER FOR MONEY
OR ANY OTHER CONSIDERATION IN
VIOLATION OF THIS ACT.
735. TRAFFIC – IS A MOVEMENT OF
VEHICLES ALONG A ROUTE WHERE
PASSENGERS AND CARGOES ARE
CARRIED BY TRANSPORTATION.
736. TRAFFIC ACCIDENT - OCCURS WHEN
A VEHICLE COLLIDES WITH ANOTHER
VEHICLE, PEDESTRIAN, ANIMAL, ROAD
DEBRIS OR OTHER STATUTORY
OBSTRUCTION SUCH AS TREE OR
UTILITY POLE.
737. TRAFFIC ACTUATED SIGNAL – IS
CONTROLLED BY AN INDIVIDUAL USING
HIS HANDS IN SIGNALING THE FLOW
OF TRAFFIC WHEREIN TRAFFIC SHALL
PROCEED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
DESIRE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC. 

738. TRAFFIC CODE - (ALSO MOTOR

VEHICLE CODE) REFERS TO THE
COLLECTION OF LOCAL STATUTES,
REGULATIONS, ORDINANCES AND

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 RULES THAT HAVE BEEN OFFICIALLY
ADOPTED BY COUNTRIES TO GOVERN
THE ORDERLY OPERATION AND
INTERACTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES,
BICYCLES, PEDESTRIANS AND OTHERS
UPON THE PUBLIC (AND SOMETIMES
PRIVATE) WAYS. 

739. TRAFFIC CONGESTION - "TRAFFIC

JAM" - IS A CONDITION ON ROADS,
STREETS OR HIGHWAYS THAT OCCURS
AS USE INCREASES. 
740. TRAFFIC CONTROL — THE CONTROL
OF VEHICLES OR PEDESTRIAN AT A
CERTAIN POINT OR AREA BY
MECHANICAL MEANS, FIXED OBJECTS
OR MANPOWER.

741. TRAFFIC EDUCATION – COMPRISES

ALL MEANS FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION
AND THE SAFETY EDUCATION OF BOTH
DRIVERS AND PEDESTRIANS AS TO
TRAFFIC LAWS AND THE USE OF
TRAFFIC FACILITIES AND AN ADEQUATE

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 TRAINING PROGRAMS IN TRAFFIC
CONTROL THROUGHOUT THE POLICE
UNIT.
742. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING - IS A
BRANCH OF CIVIL ENGINEERING THAT
USES ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES TO
ACHIEVE THE SAFE AND EFFICIENT
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND GOODS ON
ROADWAYS. 

743. TRAFFIC FLOW - THE TOTAL

NUMBER OF VEHICLES PASSING A
GIVEN POINT IN A GIVEN TIME. TRAFFIC
FLOW IS EXPRESSED AS VEHICLE PER
HOUR. 

744. TRAFFIC ISLAND - A SMALL RAISED

AREA IN THE MIDDLE OF A ROAD
WHICH PROVIDES A SAFE PLACE FOR
PEDESTRIANS TO STAND AND MARKS A
DIVISION BETWEEN TWO OPPOSING
STREAMS OF TRAFFIC. 

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 745. TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT –
COMPRISES ALL POLICE ACTIVITIES IN
CONNECTION WITH THE DIRECTION OF
TRAFFIC, REGULATION AND EDUCATION
OF DRIVERS, DETERMINE POTENTIAL
OFFENDERS, CONSTANT PATROL,
GIVING OF ASSISTANCE IN THE
PROSECUTION OF OFFENDERS,
INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS,
FOLLOW-UP COMPLAINTS, REQUESTING
POLICE ACTION, WARNING,
SUMMONING OR ARREST OF
VIOLATORS, REPORTING OF ROAD
HAZARDS AND OBSTRUCTION. 

746. TRAFFIC LAWS - LAWS WHICH

GOVERN TRAFFIC AND REGULATE
VEHICLES.

747. TRAFFIC LIGHT SIGNALS – IS A

POWER OPERATED TRAFFIC CONTROL
DEVICE BY WHICH TRAFFIC IS WARNED
OR DIRECTED TO TAKE SOME SPECIFIC

164
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 ACTIONS. 

748. TRAFFIC LIGHTS - A SET OF

AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED
COLOURED LIGHTS, TYPICALLY RED,
AMBER, AND GREEN, FOR
CONTROLLING TRAFFIC AT ROAD
JUNCTIONS, PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS,
AND ROUNDABOUTS.

749. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT – IT

COMPRISES ALL PUBLIC SURFACES ,
FACILITIES AND AGENCIES HAVING
RESPONSIBILITY FOR LICENSING,
APPROVING, MAINTAINING AND
CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC
AND THE USE OF TRAFFIC FACILITIES.
750. TRAFFIC PATROL – TRAFFIC PATROL
REFERS TO THE OBSERVATION OF ROAD
CONDITIONS, THE BEHAVIOR OF THE
DRIVERS AND OTHER USERS OF
VEHICLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
TRAFFIC SUPERVISION AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT AND PROVIDING

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 AUTHORIZED TRAFFIC-CONNECTED
SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC. 

751. TRAFFIC SIGNAL/TRAFFIC LIGHT - A

VISUAL SIGNAL TO CONTROL THE FLOW
OF TRAFFIC AT INTERSECTIONS. 

752. TRAFFIC SIGNS/ROAD SIGNS - ARE

SIGNS ERECTED AT THE SIDE OF THE
ROADS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION TO
ROAD USERS. 
753. TRAFFIC SYSTEM — CONSIST OF THE
ENTIRE ROAD AND VEHICLE COMPLEX.

754. TRAFFIC WAVES - "STOP WAVES"

"TRAFFIC SHOCKS" - ARE TRAVELING
DISTURBANCES IN THE DISTRIBUTION
OF CARS ON A HIGHWAY. 

755. TRAFFICKING IN PERSON (TIP)- A

FORM OF MODERN-DAY SLAVERY

756. TRAILER CAN BE COMPARED WITH

A WEEK THAT MUST CAUSE FIRE NOT

166
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 ONLY IN ONE PLACE BUT CAN
CONCEIVABLY CREATE AN IN
INSTANTANEOUS FIRE THROUGHOUT
AN ENTIRE BUILDING.
757. TRANQUILIZERS - ARE DRUGS
WHICH RELIEVES UNCOMFORTABLE
EMOTIONAL FEELINGS BY REDUCING
ANXIETY AND PROMOTING
RELAXATION.

758. TRANSFER EVIDENCE – IT IS AN

EVIDENCE FOUND AT THE ACCIDENT
SCENE THAT WILL CONNECT TO THE
SUSPECTED VEHICLE AND WITH THE
CRIME SCENE. 
759. TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED
CRIME- IS A CRIME PERPETUATED BY
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP WHICH
THE AIM OF COMMITTING ONE OR
MORE SERIOUS CRIMES OR OFFENSES IN
ORDER TO OBTAIN DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY, A FINANCIAL OR OTHER
MATERIAL BENEFITS COMMITTED
THROUGH CROSSING OF BORDERS OR
JURISDICTIONS

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 760. TREATMENT – IS A MEDICAL
SERVICE RENDERED TO A CLIENT FOR
THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF HIT
TOTAL CONDITIONS RELATED TO DRUG
ABUSE. IT DEALS WITH THE
PHYSIOLOGICAL WITHOUT ABUSING
DRUGS. 

761. TRIANGULATION - IS A METHOD

THAT CAN BE USED WHEN THE SCENE
IS IRREGULARLY SHAPED. TWO
CONTROL POINTS ARE USED FOR THIS
 METHOD.
762. TRIBOMETER - AN INSTRUMENT
THAT MEASURES FRICTION ON A
SURFACE. 
763. TURBULENT FLAME – ARE THOSE
HAVING UNSTEADY, IRREGULAR
FLOWS.
764. UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT ● AN
INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUE IN WHICH
AN AGENT CONCEALS HIS OFFICIAL

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 IDENTITY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION.

765. UNDERCOVER MAN IS A PERSON

TRAINED TO OBSERVE AND PENETRATE
CERTAIN ORGANIZATION SUSPECTED OF
ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES
766. UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
USUALLY IN THE FORM OF BUY-BUST
AND ENTRAPMENT.
767. UNIFORM OF THE INVESTIGATOR —
PRESCRIBED UNIFORM SHOULD BE
WORN BY INVESTIGATORS WHEN
CONDUCTING INVESTIGATION SO AS TO
IDENTIFY THEM AS PNP PERSONNEL.
768. URANIUM IS THE MOST COMMONLY
USED NUCLEAR FUEL, THOUGH
PLUTONIUM ALSO PROVIDES NUCLEAR
ENERGY.
769. USE. — ANY ACT OF INJECTING,
INTRAVENOUSLY OR
INTRAMUSCULARLY, OF CONSUMING,
EITHER BY CHEWING, SMOKING,
SNIFFING, EATING, SWALLOWING,
DRINKING OR OTHERWISE
INTRODUCING INTO THE

169
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 PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF THE BODY,
ANY OF THE DANGEROUS DRUGS.
770. VAPOR DENSITY – THE WEIGHT OF A
VOLUME OF PURE GAS COMPOSED TO
THE VOLUME OF DRY AIR AT THE SAME
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.
771. VAPOR PRESSURE – THE FORCE
EXERTED BY THE MOLECULES ON THE
SURFACE OF A LIQUID.
772. VERTICAL SHAFT - A ENCLOSED
VERTICAL SPACE OF PASSAGE THAT
EXTENDS FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR AS
WELL AS FROM THE BASE TO THE TOP
OF THE BUILDING. 

773. VESTIBULE - A PASSAGE HALL OR

ANTE CHAMBER BETWEEN THE OUTER
DOORS AND THE INTERIOR PARTS OF A
HOUSE OR BUILDING. 

774. VESTIBULE - A PASSAGE HALL OR

ANTECHAMBER BETWEEN THE OUTER

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 DOORS AND THE INTERIOR PARTS OF A
HOUSE OR BUILDING
775. VESTIGIUM, ANOTHER LATIN WORD
WHICH MEANS FOOTPRINT.
776. "VICTIM" - ANY INDIVIDUAL WHO
HAS SUFFERED HARM AS A RESULT OF
ANY ACT(S) OF TORTURE, OR OTHER
CRUEL, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING
TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT.

777. VICTIMOLOGY/VICTIM PROFILING -

A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE VICTIMS
LIFESTYLE AND PERSONALITY, ASSIST
IN DETERMINING THE NATURE OF THE
DISAPPEARANCE, THE RISK LEVEL OF
THE VICTIM AND THE TYPE OF PERSON
WHO COULD HAVE COMMITTED THE
CRIME.
778. VISIBLE OBSERVATION –
STATIONARY OBSERVATION IN WHICH
OBSERVER  IS FULL VIEW BUT SO
LOCATED, FOR EXAMPLE, AT SIDE
STREET, SO  AS TO REQUIRE EFFORT ON
THE PART OF TRAFFIC USERS TO
DISCOVER  THE OBSERVER. 

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 779. WALK-THROUGH ● SUSPECT IS
EASILY DETERMINED AND LOCATED.
780. WARMING UP - THIS IS BEING DONE
BY PRELIMINARY OR EXPLORATORY
QUESTIONS TO CLEAR THE
ATMOSPHERE, PROMOTE A CONDUCIVE
GROUND FOR CORDIALITY, RESPECT,
AND TRUST FOR EACH OTHER.
781. WATERBOARDING - REFERS TO THE
PRACTICE OF STRAPPING A SUSPECT TO
A BOARD WITH HIS OR HER HEAD
LOWERED, THEN THE FACE IS COVERED
AND WATER IS POURED OVER IT
CAUSING THE SUSPECT TO GAG AND
EXPERIENCE THE SENSATION OF
DROWNING.
782. WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER –
EXTINGUISHER FILLED WITH WATER
USE OF FIGHT CLASS A AND CLASS B
FIRES EXCEPT CLASS C FIRES.
783. WEAKEST LINK – AMONG THE
SUSPECTS, THERE MUST BE A CAREFUL
SELECTION AS TO WHO AMONG THEM
IS THE WEAKEST LINK WHERE THE
INTERROGATION WILL BEGIN

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 784. WHAT QUESTIONS: THE PURPOSE OF
THESE TYPES OF QUESTIONS IS TO FIND
OUT WHAT HAPPENED OR WHAT TOOK
PLACE BEFORE, DURING AND
IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMISSION
OF THE OFFENSE.
785. WHEEL SEARCH METHOD- THIS
METHOD IS ONLY APPLICABLE TO THE
LAGER OUTDOOR SCENES LIKE FIELDS,
DESERT, OR OTHER SUCH OPEN AREAS. 

786. WHEN QUESTIONS: THESE ARE

QUESTIONS NEEDED TO DETERMINE
AND FIX THE TIME, DAY, MONTH AND
YEAR WHEN THE CRIME WAS
COMMITTED. WHEN QUESTIONS
SHOULD BE SPECIFIED AND AS
ACCURATE AS POSSIBLE.
787. WHERE-ARE-THEY ● SUSPECT HAS
BEEN TENTATIVELY IDENTIFIED BUT
HAS NOT BEEN LOCATED.
788. WHERE QUESTIONS: THESE ARE
QUESTIONS THAT LOCALIZE THE PLACE
OF THE INCIDENT- THE CITY OR TOWN,
THE DISTRICT OR BARANGAY, THE

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 STREET OR ROAD, THE NUMBER OF THE
HOUSE OR BUILDING.
789. WHO QUESTIONS: THESE ARE
QUESTIONS USED TO INQUIRE ON THE
IDENTITY OF THE VICTIMS OR
OFFENDED PARTY, NAME OF SUSPECT,
ACCOMPLICES, ACCESSORIES AND
WITNESSES OF THE CRIME.
790. WHODUNIT ● THIS IS A CASE IN
WHICH NO SUSPECTS ARE INITIALLY
IDENTIFIED.
791. WHY QUESTIONS: THESE ARE
QUESTIONS THAT ENDEAVOR TO
ASCERTAIN THE MOTIVES, CAUSES,
ANTECEDENTS, PREVIOUS, INCIDENTS,
RELATED FACTS, BACKGROUND
OCCURRENCES THAT MIGHT HELP
EXPLAIN THE COMMISSION OF THE
OFFENSE.
792. WIRETAPPING - IS THE PRACTICE OF
CONNECTING A LISTENING DEVICE TO A
TELEPHONE LINE TO MONITOR
CONVERSATIONS SECRETLY.
793. WITHDRAWAL PERIOD - FROM THE
POINT OF HABITUATION OR DRUG

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 DEPENDENCE UP TO THE TIME A DRUG
DEPENDENT IS TOTALLY OR
GRADUALLY DEPRIVED OF THE DRUG. 

794. WITNESS REFERS TO ANY PERSON

WHO HAS DIRECTS KNOWLEDGE OF
FACTS CONCERNING AN EVENT OR
ACTIVITY.
795. YAW MARKS - IF THE TIRE SLIDE
SIDEWAYS. 
796. YES AND NO ANSWERS - DO NOT
ASK QUESTIONS WHICH COULD BE
ANSWERED BY YES OR NO. IT WILL
CURTAIL THE COMPLETE FLOW OF
INFORMATION AND WILL LEAD TO
INACCURACY.
797. ZONE METHOD - THIS METHOD
DIVIDES THE SCENE INTO EQUAL ZONE.
ONE SEARCHER IS NORMALLY
ASSIGNED TO EACH SECTOR WITH
RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL THAT OCCUR
IN THE SCENE.
798. ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT IS A
KIND OF DOCUMENT THAT STATES THE

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 SUMMARY OR THE UPDATE OF A
PROJECT OR WORK.
799. AFTER SOCO REPORT - IT IS A
REPORT RENDERED BY THE TEAM
LEADER OF THE SOCO THAT
CONDUCTED THE SCENE OF THE CRIME
OPERATIONS, PROCESSING OR
INVESTIGATION.
800. AGENTS REPORT - IT IS A REPORT
RENDERED BY A DOCUMENTED AGENT
WHO ANSWERS AN INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENT.

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