RIZAL - MODULE (34pages)

GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
City Hall Compound, Bayanihan, Gapan City,

Nueva Ecija, Philippines 3105
General Education Department
Week 3 Module in
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Course, Year & Sec.: ___________________________ Date: ____________
Lesson: 3
Childhood Years in Calamba
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a) Describe the underlying messages of stories taught to Rizal.
b) Realize the significance of parents, siblings, and one’s roots.
c) Create a short poem for the generation of youth in our era.
II. CONCEPT NOTES

Jose Rizal, like many Filipino boys, had many beautiful memories of childhood. His has a happy home, filled
with parental affection, impregnated with family joys, and sanctified by prayers. In the midst of such a peaceful,
refined, God-loving family, he spent the early years of his childhood. The beauties of Calamba impressed him as a
growing child and deeply influenced his mind and character. The happiest period of his life was truly his childhood
days in his natal town.
To learn more about the childhood years in Calamba of our national hero, read and write the following
concepts in your Notebook.
Childhood Years in Calamba, Laguna

 Calamba was a hacienda town that belonged to the Dominican Order, which also owned all the
lands around.
 Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) – a poem about Rizal‘s beloved town written by
Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de Manila.
 The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was
three.
 Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother
gathered all the children at the house to pray the Angelus.
 Another memory of Rizal during infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town, especially when
there was a moon.
 The death of Concha was his first sorrow.
 At age of three he began to take part in the family prayers.
 At 5, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family bible, and make sketches with this pencil and
to mold in clay and wax on objects which attracted his fancy.
 The Story of the Moth – made the most profound impression of Rizal.
THE STORY OF MOTH

 Once there was a moth who was fond of the light. It would always go to bright places that attracted
him. One night, it was with its mom. They came across candlelight. The moth, attracted to the
flame of the candle approached it. Amazed, he circled the light round and round. Its mother upon
seeing him circling the candle light warned him. “Don’t go playing near the candlelight. You might
get burned with its flame.” But the moth did not listen. It was happy seeing the brightness of the
flame. It wanted to touch the flame so it kept going nearer and nearer to it. Then the moth got
burned. It was suddenly hit by the flame. It vanished. Totally disappeared.
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 Sa Aking Mga Kabata - the first poem written in the native language at age of 8, he also wrote his
first dramatic work (Tagalog comedy).
Sa Aking Mga Kabata

Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig
Sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit,
Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit
Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid.
Pagka’t ang salita’y isang kahatulan
Sa bayan, sa nayo’t mga kaharian,
At ang isang tao’y katulad, kabagay
Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan.
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita
Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa
Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala.
Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin
Sa Ingles, Kastila at salitang anghel,
Sapagka’t ang Poong maalam tumingin
Ang siyang naggawad, nagbigay sa atin.
Ang salita nati’y huwad din sa iba
Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
Na kaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa
Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

1. Hereditary influence
2. Environmental influence
3. Aid of the Divine Providence
 Tio Jose Alberto – he develops the artistic ability of Rizal.

 Tio Manuel – he guided Rizal on his physical exercises.
 Tio Gregorio – intensified Rizal‘s voracious reading of good books.
 Father Leoncio Lopez – fostered Rizal‘s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character and
fine culture.
 Maestro Celestino – first private tutor.
 Maestro Lucas Padua – science tutor.
 Leon Monroy – a former classmate of his father, instructed in Spanish and Latin. He died five
months later.
 June 1869 – Rizal left Calamba to study in Biñan, accompanied by Paciano.
 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – Rizal‘s first teacher in Biñan.
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 Pedro – his classmate that challenged him to fight.

 Andres Salandanan – challenged Rizal to a wrestling match.
 Juancho – an old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely gave Rizal lessons
in drawing and painting.
 December 17, 1870 – he left Biñan after one year and a half of schooling.
 Arturo Camos – a French friend of Rizal‘s father who took care of him on board.
Sad moments of Rizal during his childhood

 Martyrdom of GomBurZa
 January 20, 1872 – about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the
leadership of Sgt. Lamadrid (he was Filipino, but rose in mutiny because of the abolition of their
usual privileges).
 Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora – were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by
the order of Governor-General Izquierdo.
 The martyrdom of the GomBurZa in 1872 truly Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and
redeem his oppressed people. - Rizal dedicated his second novel El Filibusterismo to GomBurZa.
 Injustice to Rizal’s Mother
 June 1872 – Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother
Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter‘s perfidious wife.
 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – Calamba‘s gobernadorcillo, who helped to arrest Doña Teodora. -
After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to
Santa Cruz, Laguna (50km.)
 Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial prison, where she languished for two years.
 Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan – the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend
Doña Teodora.
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Week 4 Module in
Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/

Lesson 4:
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila and the University of Sto. Tomas
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Differentiate the triumph of our national hero during his academic life in Ateneo and UST.
b. Reminisce the past experiences by writing a paragraph
II. CONCEPT NOTES

The Jesuits were considered the best educators of Spain, and perhaps of Europe, and so, when they were
permitted to return to the Philippines, although their power to administer parishes was restricted except in the remote
regions of Mindanao, the privilege of founding colleges, they had to apply to the City of Manila for subsidies. That is
why the college which began to function in those years was the Ateneo Municipal and the University of Sto. Tomas
where our national hero had his triumphs as a college student.
To learn more about communication, read and write the following concepts in your Notebook.
Scholastic Triumph at Ateneo de Manila

 Ateneo Municipal (formerly name of Ateneo de Manila), a college under the supervision of the Spanish
Jesuits.
 Escuela Pia (Charity School) – formerly the name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila which was
established by the city government in 1817.
 June 10, 1872 – Rizal was accompanied by Paciano on his way to Manila.
 Father Magin Ferrano – he was the college registrar, who refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reasons: a)
he was late for registration b) he was sickly and undersized for his age.
 Manuel Xerez Burgos – because of his intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted
to Ateneo.
 He registered Rizal as his surname since Mercado was suspected by the Spanish authorities.
 Rizal was first board in a house outside Caraballo Street. This was owned by a spinster named Titay who
owed the family the amount of 300 pesos
Jesuits System of Education

 It trained the character of the students by rigid discipline and religious instructions.
 Students were divided into two groups:
 Roman Empire – consisting of internos (boarders); red banner.
 Carthaginian Empire – composed of the externos (non-boarders); blue banner
 Intelligence distribution:
Emperor -1st
Tribune - 2nd
Decurion - 3rd
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Centurion - 4th
Stand - 5th
 The Ateneo students wore a uniform consisting of ―hemp-fabric trousers and striped cotton coat. The coat
material was called ravadillo.
First Year in Ateneo (1872-1973)

 Father Jose Bech – Rizal‘s first professor in Ateneo who he described as - tall thin man, with a body slightly
bend forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired, smell deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that
was almost Greek, and thin lips forming an arc whose fell toward the chin‖.
 A Religious picture – Rizal‘s first prize for being the brightest pupil in the whole class. - To improve his
Spanish, he took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during noon recesses. He paid three pesos for those
extra Spanish lessons.
 At the end of the school year in March, 1873, he returned to Calamba for summer vacation.
 When the summer vacation ended, Rizal returned to Manila for his second year term in Ateneo. This time he
boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street.
 His landlady was an old widow named Doña Pepay.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874)

 At the end of the school year, Rizal received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
 The Count of Monte Cristo –(Alexander Dumas) – the first favourite novel of Rizal which made a deep
impression on him.
 Universal History (Cesar Cantu) - Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of historical work that was a
great aid in his studies.
 Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German scientist-traveller who visited the Philippines 1859-1860 who wrote Travels in
the Philippines. He was impressed in this book because;
1) Jagor’s keen observation of the defects of Spanish colonization, and,
2) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her
as colonizer.
Third and Fourth Year in Ateneo (1874- 1876)

 Rizal's grades remained excellent in all subjects but he won only one medal - Latin.
 At the end of the school year, Rizal returned to Calamba for the vacation. He himself was not impressed by his
scholastic work.
 June 16, 1875 - Rizal became an interno of the Ateneo. - Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez – a great educator
and scholar, one of Rizal‘s professors who inspired him to study harder and to write poetry.
 Rizal described this Jesuit professor as – a model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of
his pupils‖.
 Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term.
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877)

 Rizal‘s studies continued to fare well. As a matter of fact, they excelled in all subjects. The most brilliant
Atenean of his time, he was truly the pride of the Jesuits.
 March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day, Rizal who was 15 years old, received from his Alma Mater; the Degree
of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honour.
 Marian Congeragtion – a religious society wherein Rizal was an active member and later became the
secretary.
 Rizal cultivated his literary talent under the guidance of Father Sanchez.
 Father Jose Vilaclara – advised Rizal to stop communing with the muse and pay more attention to more
practical studies.
 Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agusti Saez, and sculpture under Romualdo de
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Jesus; a noted Filipino sculptor.

 Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his pocket knife.
 Father Lieonart – impressed by Rizal‘s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an image of Sacred
Heart of Jesus
Poems in Ateneo
 It was Doña Teodora who first discovered the poetic genius of her son, and it was also she who first
encouraged him to write poems. However, it was Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal to take full of his God-
given gift in poetry.
 Mi Primera Inspiración (My First Inspiration), 1874, the Rizal probably wrote during days in Ateneo which
was dedicated to his mother on her birthday;
 Rizal wrote when he was 14 years old. 1875 (inspired by Father Sanchez) 1. Felicitacion 2. El Embarque:
Himno a la Flota de Magallanes 3. Y Es Español:Elcano el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo 4. El Combate:
Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo 5. Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) – brief ode.
Life in the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

 After finishing the first year of a course in Philosophy and Letters (1877-1878). He transferred to the medical
course.
 April 1877 – he enrolled in the UST taking Philosophy and Letters because; 1) his father like it, 2) he was “still
uncertain as to what career to pursue”.
 Father Pablo Ramon – Rector of Ateneo, who had been good to him during his students days in that college,
asking for advice on the choice of a career but unfortunately he was in Mindanao.
 During Rizal‘s first school term in the UST, Rizal also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading
to the title of perito agrimensor (expect surveyor).
 Rizal excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture and
topography. He passed all the subjects but the title was not issued to him because he was only 17 years- old,
underage. The title was issued to him on November 25, 1881- the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final
examination in the surveying course.
 Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literay Lyceum of Manila) – society of literary men and artists held a
literary contest in the year 1879. He also served as the President of Spanish Literature in Ateneo.
 While at UST, he fell in love with three women. During his first year, he fell in love with a woman simply
called “Miss L”, a woman with fair, seductive and attractive eyes. The romance died a natural death because
of two reasons: (1) the sweet memory of Segunda Katigbak was still fresh in his memory and, (2) Rizal‘s father
did not like the family of Miss L.
 During his sophomore year, he courted Leonor Valenzuela, a tall girl with regal bearing. Rizal sent her love
notes in invisible ink. But just like Segunda he also stopped visiting her.
 During his junior year, Rizal had a romance with Leonor Rivera, of Camiling, Tarlac. Leonor was a pretty girl
and a student of La Concordia College. Both Rizal and Leonor were engaged, he used the sign name ―Taimis,
to cover their relationship from their parents.
 Rizal studied in UST from 1878-1882. his grade in Medicine consists of 2 excellent, 3 very good, 8 good, and 2
fair (physics and general pathology). His grades in UST College of Medicine were not as impressive as what he
got at Ateneo Philosophy and Letters due to the hostility of the Dominican professors. Accordingly, laboratory
equipment's are just for display and racial discrimination against the Filipino students.
Education in University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

 A La Juventud (To the Filipino Youth) – at 18, submitted this poem, it is an inspiring poem of flawless form.
This poem won as a classic Filipino literature for two reasons: a) it was a great poem in Spanish written by
the Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary authorities, 2) expressed for the first time the
nationalistic concept that the Filipino, and not the foreigners, were the “fair hope of the Fatherland”. The
Board of Judges, composed of Spaniards was impressed by Rizal‘s poem and gave it the first prize which
consisted of a silver pen, feather-shaped and decorated with a gold ribbon.
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 A Filipinas – a sonnet written by Rizal for the album of the Society of Sculptors; in this sonnet, he urged all
Filipino artists to glorify the Philippines.
 Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma – poem honouring the Ateneo Patroness. - Al M.R.P Pablo Ramon – poem dedication to
Father Pablo Ramon (Atenean Rector), who had been so kind and helpful to him.
 Vicenta Ybardolaza – a pretty girl colegiala who skillfully played a harp at the Regalado home, whom Rizal
was infatuated with.
 Compañerismo (Comradeship) – Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in UST 1880. Galicano
Apacible – Rizal‘s cousin from Batangas who is the secretary of the society.
Unhappy Days in UST

 Rizal found the atmosphere at the UST suffocating to his sensitive spirit. He was unhappy at this Dominican
institution of higher learning because 1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him 2) the Filipino students
were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards 3) the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
 In Rizal's novel, El Filibusterismo, he described how the Filipino students were humiliated and insulted by
their Dominican professors and how backward the method of instruction was, especially in the teaching of
the natural sciences. He related in Chapter XIII (The Class in Physics).
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Week 5 Module in
Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 5:
RIZAL’S SECRET MISSION AND HIS STUDY IN SPAIN
I. OBJECTIVES
a. express personal impression of Rizal regarding his studies abroad
b. create a travel brochure from the destinations where Rizal reached going to Spain.
II. CONCEPT NOTES

This mission which Rizal conceived with the approval of his older brother Paciano was to observe
keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and governments and laws of
the European nations in order to prepare himself for the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people
from Spanish tyranny. This was evidenced in his farewell letter which was delivered to his parents shortly
after his departure for Spain.
To learn more about the first departure of Rizal, read and write the following concepts in your
Notebook.
Rizal’s Departure for Spain (1882)

 After finishing his 4th year of medical course in UST, Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain.
 Aside from his studies in Spain, Rizal has his secret mission - to observe keenly the life and culture,
languages and customs, industries and commerce, and the government laws of the European nations in
order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.
 Before the secret departure of Rizal, he wrote a farewell letter to his parents and sweetheart Leonor Rivera
which was delivered to them – after he sailed away.
 May 3, 1882 – the Spanish Steamer (Salvadora), Rizal departed for Spain using Jose Mercado, on his travel
documents. His main reason for leaving the Philippines was to transfer at the Universidad Central de Madrid
in Spain to finish his medicine course.
 May 8, 1882 – they have a two-day stopover in Singapore. He reached the island considered by him as
―Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga
 The following day, May 9, Rizal registered at Hotel de la Paz and spent two-day sightseeing sorties of the city.
He saw the Botanical Garden, the Famous Buddhist Temple and the founder of Singapore, Sir Thomas
Stanford Raffles
 May 11, 1882 – he boarded the steamer Djemnah, a French steamer, much larger and cleaner than the
Salvadora. On board the vessel were British, French, Dutch, Spaniards, Malays, Siamese and Filipinos. French
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was mostly spoken on the board.

 May 17,1882 – he arrived at the Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon. The town is lovely, quiet and
sad at the same time according to him.
 May 18, 1882 – he had a stopover at Colombo. It is more beautiful, smart, elegant than Singapore, Point Galle
and Manila.
 May 28, 1882 – the Djemnah continued its voyage and crossed the Indian Ocean until it reached the Cape of
Guardafin, Africa. Rizal called it an inhospitable land but famous. Then, he reached Aden. According to him it
was a hotter city than in Manila for the first time he saw camels.
 June 2, 1882 – he proceeded to the Suez Canal. It took 5 days to travel to Suez. He disembarked for sightseeing
and he was fascinated to hear the multiracial inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues – Arabic, Egyptians,
Greek, Italian and Spanish.
 June 11, 1882 – the steamer proceeded to Europe and reached Naples City, Italy. Rizal was fascinated by the
Mount of Vesuvius, the Castle of St. Telno, and the historic sights of the city. The city was busy because of its
business activity, lively people, and panoramic beauty.
 June 12, 1882 – the steamer docked at the French harbour of Marseilles. Rizal disembarked to visit the
famous Chateau d'if where Dantes, the hero of The Count of Monte Cristo was jailed. He stayed at Marseilles
for two and a half days at Hotel Noailles for 3 days.
 June 15, 1882 – the steamer left Marseilles on its last trip to Spain. The steamer reached Pyrenees and
stopped for a day at Port Bou. In this place, Rizal saw the indifference accorded to tourists in comparison to
the courtesy accorded by the French immigration officers
 June 16, 1883 - from Port Bou, Rizal continued his trip for the last lap by train for Spain and finally reaching
his destination
Life in Barcelona, Spain
 Barcelona, Spain. Rizal stayed in Hotel de España and in Sitges Street with Tomas Cabangis and boarded a
house in San Severo Street. He visited Ronda de la Universidad of Barcelona – ugly, dirty little inns,
inhospitable people – because he happened to stay upon his arrival in a stingy inn. Later, he changed his
mind and came to like the city – as a great city with an atmosphere of freedom and liberalism and the people
were open-hearted, hospitable and courageous. He enjoyed promenading along Las Rambles, the famous
Barcelona Street.
 Rizal was welcomed by the Filipinos in Barcelona, some of who were his classmates in Ateneo. They gave
him a party at their favourite café
 Plaza de Catalina. They exchanged toast and Rizal of the attractions and customs of the people in Barcelona.
Rizal, in turn, gave news and gossip in the Philippines.
 While in Barcelona, Rizal received two bad news; 1. the cholera outbreak that ravaged Manila and the
provinces, and 2. the chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera, who was getting
thinner due to the absence of a loved one.
Life in Madrid, Spain
 On November 3, 1882 – upon the advice of Paciano to Rizal to finish the medical course in Madrid, Rizal left
Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and went to Madrid.
 He enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid, in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. - In Madrid, he
lodged at Visitacion Street, No. 3, 3rd floor (Room 4) in 1883.
 In October 1884, he transferred to Pizarro Street, No. 13 and later on to Ventura de la Vega Street.
 He also studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, took tutoring lessons in
French, German and English, and practiced fencing and sharpshooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y
Carbonell.
 Rizal lived frugally, rigidly budgeting his money wisely. Although he used to buy tickets in every draw of the
Madrid Lottery, he never wasted his money on gambling, wine and women. Rizal spent his leisure time
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reading books, fencing, and shooting.

 He also visited his Filipino friends at the house of Paterno brothers. He also fraternized with other students
at the Antigua Café de Cervantes. Every Saturday evening he visited the home of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey.
 During his stay in Barcelona and Madrid, hard times occurred in Calamba such as the harvest of rice and
sugarcane failed due to drought and locusts, increasing land leased to the hacienda cultivated by the Rizal,
and Paciano was forced to sell Rizal’s pony to send him money.
 June 21, 1884 – Rizal was conferred the Licentiate in Medicine with a rating of “Fair” by the Universidad
Central de Madrid after completing 5th and 6th year term. Legal Medicine (excellent) Obstetrical Clinic (fair)
Other subjects (good and very good) - 1884-1885, he passed all the subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine. In his three subjects he got ―a fair in History of Medical Science, ―good in Surgical Analysis, and
―excellent in Normal Histology. However, he didn‘t confer Doctor of Medicine because of the failure to
present a thesis required for graduation and pay for the corresponding fee.
 Obtaining the degree of Licentiate in Medicine, he became a full-fledged physician and qualified to practice
medicine. He was not interested in taking the post-degree of Degree of Medicine because such a degree is
good only for teaching purposes, and he knew that no friar-owned university in the Philippines would accept
him for a position because of his brown complexion.
 June 24, 1884 – Rizal was broken. With an empty stomach, he attended his classes at the University,
participated in a contest in the Greek language, and won the gold medal.
 November 20, 1884 – student demonstrations started to explode at the Universidad Central de Madrid due to
the expulsion of Dr. Miguel Morayta (history). Dr. Morayta was also excommunicated by the Catholic church
because of his liberal idealism. All the professor who fought for his side was forced to resign from the
university.
 June 19, 1885 – on his 24th birthday, Rizal received his degree on Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
(sobresaliente). He was also qualified to be a professor of humanities in any Spanish University.
 June 15, 1885 – Rizal was invited to speak in an banquet to celebrate the double victory of two artists; Juan
Luna (Spolarium) for winning the 1st prize, and Felix Hidalgo (Virgenes Christianas Expuestas el Populacio)
for 2nd prize, in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid. He saluted Luna and Hidalgo for their
artistic achievements.
 October 1885 – Rizal decided to go to Paris. Rizal had a stopover in Barcelona on his way to Paris. He visited
his friend MaximoViola, at lodge in Vergara No. 1, 3rd floor Room 2.
 He also befriended Eusebio Corominas, editor of the newspaper La Publisidad.
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Week 6-7 Module in

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 6-7:
GRAND TOUR OF RIZAL IN EUROPE
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Identify the life lessons you could learn that happened to Rizal in Europe.
b. Differentiate customs from the west that are good/bad and relate such identified items to our
culture.
c. Make a storyboarding of the important experiences of Rizal in this lesson.
II. CONCEPT NOTES

Rizal went to Europe in order to specialize in ophthalmology. He chose this branch because he
wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment. Rizal traveled to France and Germany to attend some lectures at
their local university. After which he went to Berlin to further study ophthalmology and other languages, to
get familiar with scenic Germany, to be part of the scientific community, and to finish his novel, Noli Me
Tangere. Rizal visited European countries to study the people’s way of life and adopt ideas and programs
that would benefit his countrymen.
LIFE IN PARIS, FRANCE

 Life in Paris, France (1885-1886) - November 1885 – Rizal went to Paris and lived there for 4 mos.,
where he worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Wecket (a leading French ophthalmologist). He
rapidly improved his knowledge of ophthalmology. Outside of his working hours, he relaxed by
visiting his friends. He also went to Luna‘s studio. He helped Luna by posing as a model in several
artworks. Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest in Luna‘s canvass ―The Death of Cleopatra‖ and
Sikatuna in ―The Blood Compact. - After 4 months of staying in Paris, he left Paris for Heidelberg,
Germany.
 During his first summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris, the gay capital of France. The
prices of food, drinks, theatre, tickets, laundry, hotel accommodations, and transportation were
too high for Rizal’s slender purse so he commented in a letter to his family: “Paris is the costliest
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capital in Europe.”
 June 17 to August 20, 1883- Rizal sojourn in Paris – He disembarked in Hotel de Paris, located on 37
Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he moved to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de
Rennes in the Latin Quarter.
 Laennec Hospital - where Rizal observed Dr. Nicaise treating his patients
 Lariboisiere Hospital - where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases of women
 Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Mason openly and freely criticized the government
policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done in the Philippines
LIFE IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY (1886)
 He lived for a short time with German law students in a boarding house but later on, he
transferred to a boarding house near the University of Heidelberg. He became a member of the
Chess Player‘s Club. He became a popular friend to the German so that the German students joined
him in beer drinking, saber duel, and chess games.
 He worked at the University Eye Hospital under Dr. Otto Becker (ophthalmologist). He also
attended the lectures of Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne at the university.
 During weekends, he had sightseeing at the scenic spots at Heidelberg (Heidelberg Castle, romantic
Neckar River, and old church).
 He also spent a 3-month summer vacation at Wilhelmsfeld. Here he became a good friend of Dr.
Karl Ullmer (Protestant pastor). On June 25, 1886, he left Wilhelmsfeld and returned to Heidelberg
carrying with him the memories of the Ullmer friendship and hospitality.
 July 3, 1886 – Rizal wrote his first letter in Germany to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian
ethnologist) - he became his best friend of Rizal.
 August 6, 1886 – 5th centenary celebration of Heidelberg.
 August 9, 1886 - Rizal left Heidelberg and boarded a train, visited other cities in Germany, and
arrived at Leipzig.
TOUR IN GERMANY (1886)
 August 14, 1886 – he arrived at Leipzig. He attended some lectures at the University of Leipzig in
history and psychology. He met Prof. Friedrich Ratzel (historian) and Dr. Hans Meyer
anthropologist.
 He translated Scheller’s “William Tell” and Hans Christian Andersen “Fairy Tale” in Tagalog. He
found Leipzig as the cheapest in Europe and so he stayed for two and half months.
 October 29, 1886 – he arrived in Dresden, Germany, and met Dr. Adolf B. Meyer, Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum. He stayed two days in this city.
LIFE IN BERLIN, GERMANY (1886)
 November 1, 1886 – he left Dresden by train and reached Berlin in the evening. Rizal met for the
first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist. He also met famous personalities Dr. Hans Virchow,
Dr. Rudolf Virchow, Dr. W. Joest, and Dr. Ernest Schweigger.
 He also worked in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger and upon the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr.
Meyer he became a member of the Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society, and Geographical
Society.
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 He was impressed with Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and absence of racial race. He
lived in Berlin in a frugal life. At night he attended a lecture in the University of Berlin
 He took private lessons under French professor Madame Lucie Cardale. He observed keenly the
customs, dresses, homes and occupations of the peasants. He made sketches of the things he saw.
 During the winter, he lived in poverty because he was flat broke. Because was unable to pay his
landlord and because he didn‘t have money arrived from Calamba, he pawned the diamond ring
that was given to him by his sister Saturnina. He had to eat only one meal a day, and a daily meal
consisted of bread and water or cheap vegetable soup. He washed his clothes because he could not
afford to pay the laundry. Paciano was delayed in raising the necessary funds, and Rizal's health
broke down. He began to cough and feared that he was going to be sick with tuberculosis.
 After several months, Rizal received Paciano‘s remittance of P1000, which was forwarded by Juan
Luna from Paris. Rizal paid the sum of P300 for the loan granted to Rizal for the printing of Noli
Me Tangere.
 He went to Berlin for the following reasons:
1.To increase his knowledge in ophthalmology
2.To broaden his studies of sciences and languages
3.To observe political and economic conditions of Germany
4.To associate with famous German scientist and scholars
5.To publish his novel.
PUBLISHING OF NOLI ME TANGERE
 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin- inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict
the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants toward the end of 1884, Rizal began
writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one-half of it
 ·When Rizal went to Paris, in 1885, after completing his studies in the Central University of Madrid,
he continued writing the novel, finishing one half of the second half
 When Rizal went to Paris, in 1885, after completing his studies in the Central University of Madrid,
he continued writing the novel, finishing one half of the second half
 Rizal finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of the Noli in
Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, 1886 In Berlin during the winter days of February, 1886, Rizal made
the final revisions on the manuscript of the Noli
 Maximo Viola- Rizal’s friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height of Rizal despondency
and
loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel; savior of Noli After the Christmas season, Rizal
put the finishing touches on his novel. To save printing expenses, he deleted certain passages in his
manuscript, including a whole chapter—“Elias and Salome”
 February 21, 1887- the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing
 Berliner Buchdruckerei-Action-Gesellschaft- a printing shop which charged the lowest rate, that is
300 pesos for 2,00 copies of the novel
 March 21, 1887- the Noli Me Tangere came off the press
 March 29, 1887- Rizal, in token of his appreciation and gratitude, gave Viola the galley proofs of the
Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a complimentary copy, with the
following inscription: “To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work
—Jose Rizal”
 The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not”. It is not originally
conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
 Rizal, writing to Felix Hidalgo in French on March 5, 1887, said: “Noli Me Tangere, words taken
from the Gospel of St. Luke, signify “do not touch me” but Rizal made a mistake, it should be the
Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20 Verses 13 to 17)
 Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines—“To My Fatherland”
GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
 May 11, 1887 – Rizal and Viola left Berlin for Dresden. They visited Dr. Adolf B. Meyer. While
strolling at the scene of the Floral Exposition, they met Dr. Jagor, and suggested they meet
Blumentritt.
 May 13, 1887 –Rizal and Viola reached Leitmeritz, Bohemia. They met Ferdinand Blumentritt. The
two enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumentritt family. - They also met famous scientist Dr.
Carlos Czepelah and another eminent naturalist Robert Klutschak.
 May 17, 1887 – they left Leitmeritz by train on their way to the city of Prague. They carried
recommendation letters of Prof. Blumentritt Dr. Wilhomm, a professor of Natural History in the
University of Prague.
 May 19, 1887 – they reached the city of Brunn.
 May 20, 1887 – they arrived at the city of Vienna, Austria. They visited famous interesting scenic
places like churches, museums, art galleries, theatres, public parks, beautiful buildings, and
religious images. They also met Mr. Norfenfoe (European novelist) and Masner and Nordmenn
(Austrian scholars).
 May 24, 1887 – they left Vienna, via river boat to see the beautiful sights of the Danube river. The
river voyage ended in Lintz, afterwards, they traveled on land to Salzburg and from there Munich.
In Munich, they had a short time savoring the famous Munich beer (best beer in Germany).
 From Munich, they went to Nuremberg (the oldest city in Germany), and were impressed by the
manufacturer of dolls which was the biggest industry in the city. Afterward, they went to Ulm,
particularly the city cathedral. They enjoyed the view upon reaching the top, even though Viola
felt dizzy and tried. All-day they visited Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and Rheinfall.
 June 2-3, 1887 – they continued their trip on a boat and reached Basel, Bern, Laussenne, and they
cross to the lake of Geneva.
 June 6, 1887- they reached Geneve, Switzerland. While in Geneva, Rizal received sad news from his
friends in Madrid about the conditions of Igorots, who were exhibited in the 1887 Madrid
Exposition; some of the natives died.
 June 19, 1887 –it was his 26th birthday, he treated Viola to a blow-out with a sumptuous meal. He
also wrote a letter to Blumentritt regarding the Industrial exhibition.
 June 23, 1887 – Rizal and Viola parted ways. They both spent 15 days in Geneva. Viola returned to
Barcelona and Rizal continued his tour to Italy.
 June 24, 1887 – Rizal went to Italy, and visited Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence.
 June 27, 1887 – he reached Rome and visited famous architectural buildings.
June 29, 1887 – he visited the Vatican City. He has sightseeing and was impressed by the
magnificent edifice like St. Peter‘s Church, the rare works of art, the vast St. Peter‘s Square, and the
colorful Papal Guard. After a week of travel in Rome, he decided to return to the Philippines
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
Week 8-9 Module in

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 8-9:
NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Identify the effects of the novels of Rizal on their generation in connection to our times.
b. Discuss the overview of El Fili and Noli Me Tangere and the corresponding reasons and rationale for important
characters mentioned therein.
c. Value the importance of the novels of our national hero through writing reflection papers.
II. CONCEPT NOTES

Noli Me Tangere (Latin for "Do not touch me," with an acute emphasis added for Spanish orthography) is a
novel written by José Rizal in 1887 during the Spanish Empire's colonization of the Philippines to illustrate perceived
injustices between the Spanish Catholic friars and the reigning government. The novel was originally written in
Spanish, but it is now widely published and read in Tagalog and English in the Philippines. Noli is required reading for
all high school students across the country, along with its sequel, El filibusterismo. The two books are widely regarded
as the Philippines' national novel, and they have been turned into operas, musicals, dramas, and other works of art.
The title, which comes from the Bible's John 20:13-17, was a term used by Filipinos for cancer of the eyelids at
the time of Rizal's writing; the novel's dedication, "As an ophthalmologist, Rizal's poem "To My Fatherland" implies that
he was influenced by this reality.. [required citation] Rizal's novel tries to delve into the Filipino society's cancers. An
Eagle Flight (1900) and The Social Cancer (1912) were among the early English translations of the novel, while most
recent English translations stick to the original title.
To learn more about the first novel of our national hero, read and write the following concepts in your
Notebook.
NOLI ME TANGERE
1. Notable Purposes
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1. To picture the past and the realities in the Philippines

2. To reply to insults heaped on the Filipinos and their country
3. To unmask the hypocrisy that has impoverished and brutalized the Filipino people
4. To stir the patriotism of the Filipino people
1. Noli Me Tangere Introduction

When Dr. Jose Rizal was 26, he published his first novel “Noli Me Tangere” in Belgium in the year
1887 . It was the Book that gave a spark in the Philippine Revolutions. It talked about the
Spaniard’s arrogance and despicable use of religion to achieve their own desires and rise to
power. It mostly talked about the life of Crisostomo Ibarra, a member of the Insulares (Creoles)
social class, and a series of unfortunate events that he encountered through the works of a
Franciscan friar, namely Padre Damaso Verdolagas, and by the Spanish conquistadors.
1. Noli Me Tangere, a Latin phrase used by Jose Rizal as a title for his first novel, was actually the
words used by Jesus Christ to Mary Magdalene when she saw him resurrected from the dead. It
roughly translated as “Touch Me Not” in English. These words were said because Jesus, although
risen in body and in spirit, was not the same form as he was before. Being glorified, waiting for
the right time to ascend to Heaven and such, he did not allow himself yet to be known until the
Great Commission.
1. The Cover Symbols

 SILHOUETTE OF A FILIPINA- It was a popular belief that the silhouette of the woman on the cover
of Noli Me Tangere is the unfortunate Maria Clara, Crisostomo Ibarra’s lover. "'Padre Cura! Padre
Cura!' [Padre Salvi] the Spaniards cried to him, but he did not mind them. He ran in the direction
of the Capitan Tiago's house. There he breathed a sigh of relief. He saw through the transparent
gallery an adorable silhouette full of grace and the lovely contours of Maria Clara and that of her
aunt bearing glasses and cups."
 HELMET OF THE GUARDIA CIVIL/CONSTABULARY HELMET- An obvious take on the arrogance of

those in authority.
 A MAN IN A CASSOCK WITH HAIRY FEET- This symbolism at the lower part of the cover is to be a
representation for priests using religion in a dirty way, specifically Padre Damaso.
 FLOGS- another symbolism for cruelties. It is a representation of Jesus Christ’s scourging before
his imminent crucifixion.
 WHIP/CORD- The cruelties present in the novel best explains the symbol Rizal used in the cover.
 BAMBOO STALKS – One thing comes to mind when bamboo stalks are talked about: Resilience.
 A LENGTH OF CHAIN- Rizal’s representation of slavery and imprisonment.
 CROSS- The one that killed Christ Jesus. It was a representation of suffering and death. It also
represents a grave. Magnifies the discrimination towards Filipinos, Chinese Mestizos, and
Spaniards during this time towards a proper burial.
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
 BURNING TORCH- A reference to the Olympic torch, it tells everyone the beginning of the defense
of honors and the start of proving themselves worthy of victory. Rage and passion are most
abundant in this phase. Represents a phrase that could possibly mean everything to every single
suffering Filipino: “The rise of the revolution is now at hand.”
 POMELO BLOSSOMS AND LAUREL LEAVES- They roughly represent faith, honor and fidelity.
Pomelo blossoms are utilized as loose potpourri or a mixture of dried flower petals and spices
used to scent the air. It is commonly used in prayers and cleansing. The laurel leaves, also known
as bay leaves, are used as crowns during the Ancient Greek Olympics wherein the best of the best
are treated as heroes. Filipinos in this time want to embody these three virtues that Rizal
represented as two plants.
 SUNFLOWERS- A unique behavior in sunflowers, known as phototropism, is a motif that has

appeared in many ancient myths and is viewed as a symbol of loyalty and constancy. The
sunflower's petals have been likened to bright yellow rays of sunshine, which evoke feelings of
warmth and happiness. In addition, the sunflower is often associated with adoration and
longevity. Rizal’s observations towards the happiness of the Filipinos are, in the Spanish times,
only fulfilled through their giving in and bowing down to the more powerful entity: Spain.
 Crisóstomo Ibarra- Also known in his full name as Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin, a Filipino
who studied in Europe for 7 years, the love interest of Maria Clara. Son of the deceased Don
Rafael Ibarra, Crisostomo changed his surname from Eibarramendia to Ibarra, from his ancestor's
surname.
 Elías - Ibarra's mysterious friend, a master boater, also a fugitive. He was referred to at one point
as the pilot. He wants to revolutionize his country. Ibarra's grandfather condemned his
grandfather for burning a warehouse, making Elias the fugitive he is.
 María Clara - María Clara de los Santos, Ibarra's sweetheart; the illegitimate daughter of Father
Dámaso and Pía Alba.
 Father Dámaso - Also known in his full name as Dámaso Verdolagas, Franciscan friar and María
Clara's biological father.
 Don Filipo - A close relative of Ibarra, and a Filibuster.
 Linares - A distant nephew of Don Tiburcio de Espadana, the would-be fiance of Maria Clara.
 Captain General - The most powerful official in the Philippines, a hater of secular priests and
corrupt officials, and a friend of Ibarra.
 Captain Pablo - The Leader of the rebels, whose family was destroyed because of the Spanish.
 Tarcilo and Bruno - Brothers, whose father was killed by the Spaniards.
 Sisa - The mother of Basilio and Crispín, who went insane after losing her sons.
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 Basilio - The elder son of Sisa.

 Crispín - The younger son of Sisa who died from the punishment from the soldiers from the false
accusation of stealing an amount of money.
 Padre Sibyla - Hernando de la Sibyla, a Filipino friar. He is described as short and has fair skin.
 Kaptain Tiago - Also known in his full name as Don Santiago de los Santos, the known father of
María Clara but not the real one, lives in Binondo.
 Padri Salví - Also known in his full name as Bernardo Salví, a secret admirer of María Clara.
 Pilosopo Tasyo - Also known as Don Anastasio, portrayed in the novel as a pessimist, cynic, and
mad by his neighbors.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
 EL FILIBUSTERISMO COVER Tagalog Translation: Madaling ipagpalagay na ang isang rebelde

(pilibustero) ay lihim na umaakit sa liga ng mga panatiko ng mga prayle at mga paurong nang sa
gayon, wala man sa loob na sumunod sa mga panunulsol, ay dapat nilang panigan at paigtingin
ang patakarang sumusunod lamang sa iisang layunun; ang maipalaganap ang mga kaisipan ng
rebelyon sa kabuuang haba at lawak ng lupain, at mahikayat ang bawat Pilipino sa paniniwalang
walang katubusan liban sa seperasyon mula sa inang bayan. Ferdinand Blumentritt
 EL FILIBUSTERISMO - It is the second novel written by José Rizal as the sequel to Noli Me Tangere.
Like Noli Me Tangere, it was written in Spanish. “The reign of Greed” in English. It consist of 38
chapters
 Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to the three martyred priests of Cavite mutiny. The execution of
the three priests was significant to the title of the novel.
 The title Rizal had to define the word filibustero to his German friend Ferdinand Blumentritt, who
did not understand his use of the word in Noli MeTangere. In a letter, Rizal explained: "The word
filibustero is little known in the Philippines. The masses do not know it yet. I heard it for the first
time in 1872 when the tragic executions took place.” “I still remember the panic that this word
created. Our father forbade us to utter it, as well as the words Cavite, Burgos, etc. The Manila
newspapers and the Spaniards apply this word to one whom they want to make an evolutionary
suspect.”
 Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel. Rizal began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887
while he was in Calamba. In London (1888), he revised the plot and
some chapters. Rizal continued to work on his manuscript in Paris.
He later moved to Brussels where the cost of living was cheaper and
he would be less likely to be distracted by social events so he could
focus on finishing the book.
 He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz.

September 18, 1891- the novel was published in Ghent, partially
funded by Rizal’s friend Valentin Ventura. Rizal immediately sent on
this date two printed copies to Hong Kong, one for Basa and the
other for Sixto Lopez. Rizal gratefully donated the original
manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura.
 Rizal sent complimentary copies to Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce,

GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Juan Luna and other friends. The El
Nuevo Regimen-liberal Madrid newspaper serialized the novel in its issues of October 1891.
Original manuscript of El filibusterismo in Rizal’s own handwriting is now preserved in the
Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public libraries in Manila. Acquired by the Philippine
government from Valentin Ventura for 10,000 pesos. Consists of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.
OBJECTIVES OF DR. JOSE RIZAL IN WRITING THE NOVEL

1. To discuss what religion and belief can really do to everyday lives.
2. To expose the cruelties, graft, and corruption of the false government and honestly show the
wrongdoings of Filipinos that led to further failure.
3. To defend the Filipino people from foreign accusations of foolishness and lack of knowledge.
4. To show how the Filipino people lived during the Spanish colonial period and the cries and woes
of his countrymen against abusive officials.
Week 10 Module in
Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 10:
WOMEN IN RIZAL’S LIFE
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Identify the women in the life of our national hero.
b. Determine the connection of the sense of Nationalism behind his relationship with these women.
c. Write an analysis of the reasons why Rizal cannot be considered a womanizer
II. CONCEPT NOTES

Rizal is a renowned gentleman. From his early years to his trips abroad and his death, he had 10 confirmed
relationships. The two most important women in Rizal's life were Josephine Bracken, his common-law wife, and his
genuine love, Leonor Rivera. Rizal's romantic history demonstrates that in addition to being passionate about his
country, he was also passionate about women. He felt the happiness, pain, and sorrow of love.
Rizal's vibrant love life demonstrates to us that our national hero is also fallible, has made a number of
mistakes in the past, and is susceptible to the vices and temptations of human existence. He had to fight to transcend
human imperfection and weakness; he was not born a hero
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 Julia – a girl in the Pagsanjan River, who used to catch butterflies.
 Segunda Katigbak (teenage crush) - She was a comely 14-year old Batangueña from Lipa City. She
also known as - Paisana, but Rizal referred to her in his diary as - K. She was described by Rizal as
gay, talkative, witty, virginal, attractive, alluring, and beguiling. At 16, Rizal fell in love with his first
romance. Segunda was a boarding student at the Colegio de la Concordia where his sister Olympia
and Leonor Rivera also studied. He found out later that Segunda was engaged to be married to her
town-mate,
 Margarita Almeda Gomez (Miss L) - A young lady from Pakil, Laguna. This young lady was
believed to be Leonor Valenzuela but she was not. She was described by Rizal as fair complexioned,
seductive and with attractive eyes. Their romance died a natural death for two reasons:
1) Rizal’s memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart, and 2) Rizal’s father objected to their love
affair.
 Leonor Valenzuela (Orang) - The daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela of
Pansanjan, Laguna. She was a tall girl with regal bearing. Rizal sends her love notes written in
invisible ink, that could only be deciphered over the warmth of the lamp or candle. He visited her
on the eve of his departure to Spain and bade her last goodbye.
 Vicenta Ybardoza (pretty colegiala) - She was also from Pakil, Laguna who was a high school
student at that time. Rizal got infatuated with her when she played the harp. However, nobody
knew what happened later between the two.
 Leonor Rivera (Taimis) - A lady from Camiling, Tarlac, a daughter of Antonio Rivera (Rizal‘s uncle)
and Silvestre Bauson. Rizal courted her, when she was 13-year old and she got engaged to Rizal
before the age of 15. Their relationship was actually a ―love affair by correspondence‖ wherein
Rizal wrote several letters to Leonor while he was in abroad. However, their relationship ended
when she married her mother, Charles Henry C. Kipping. Their love affair lasted for 10 years.
 Consuelo Ortega y Rey (pretty Manileña) - She was a daughter of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey (a
former civil governor of Manila, under the administration of Carlos Ma. De la Torre). He dedicated
it to her A la Senorita C.O. y R., which became one of his best poems. He probably fell in love with
her and Consuelo apparently asked him for romantic verses. He suddenly backed out before the
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
relationship turned into a serious romance, because he wanted to remain loyal to Leonor Rivera
and he did not want to destroy his friendship with Eduardo de Lete who was madly in love with
Consuelo.
 Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San) - A Japanese samurai‘s daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting
known as su-mie. Rizal was 29 at that time while Seiko was 23. She helped Rizal improve his
knowledge of Japanese language. They spent happy months together visiting old temples and art
galleries. - If Rizal was a man without a patriotic mission, he would have married this lovely and
intelligent woman and lived a stable and happy life with her in Japan because the Spanish legation
there offered him a lucrative job.
 Gertrude Beckett (Gettie‖) - An English girl with brown hair, blue eyes and pink cheeks. When
Rizal was in London, he boarded in the house of the Beckett family. During rainy days when Rizal
stayed at home, Gettie helped him mix his colors for paintings or assisted in preparing the clay for
sculpting. - Then Rizal realized that their friendship was drifting to a serious affair, so he drove to
Paris in 1889 leaving Gertrude behind. He could not return the English girl‘s affection and marry
her because of loyalty to Leonor Rivera.
 Suzanne Jacoby (pretty girl in Brussels, Belgium) - She was a pretty niece of Rizal‘s landlady.
Suzanne fell deeply in love with him; she cried when Rizal left for Madrid towards the end of July,
1890.
 Nellie Boustead (almost wife) - She was a daughter of Eduardo Boustead, they met when Rizal was
a guest in the Boustead family. She was described as gay-hearted, sports-minded, highly intelligent,
vivacious in temperament, and morally upright. Nelly was infatuated with Rizal but Rizal, at first,
loved Adelina. Antonio Luna, who had previously loved and lost Nelly, encouraged Rizal to court
and marry her. Rizal having lost his beloved Leonor Rivera came to entertain considerable
affection for Nelly. - However, their love affair didn‘t have a happy ending because of two reasons:
a) he refused to give up his Catholic faith, and 2) Nelly’s mother did not like Rizal as a son-in-law.
 Pastora Necesario (Totak) - She was a weaver of cloth at Dapitan.as a sign of love, Rizal gave her a
statue of a woman and also sent her letters of love and concern. When Rizal was executed in
Bagumbayan, she married Gonzalo Carreon of Dapitan.
 Josephine Bracken (unhappy wife) - In the last days of February 1895, while still in Dapitan, Rizal
met an 18-year old petite Irish girl, with bold blue eyes, brown hair and a happy disposition. She
was the adopted daughter of George Taufer from Hong Kong, who came to Dapitan to seek Rizal for
eye treatment. Rizal was physically attracted to her. His loneliness and boredom must have taken
the measure of him and what could be a better diversion than to fall in love again. But the Rizal
sisters suspected Josephine as an agent of the friars and they considered her as a threat to Rizal‘s
security.
 Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other, however, Fr. Obach refused to marry them without
the permission of the Bishop of Cebu. When Mr. Taufer heard their projected marriage, he flared
up because he could not endure the thought of losing Josephine. He even tried to commit suicide by
cutting off his throat but Rizal prevented him from killing himself. To avoid further injury,
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
Josephine went with his uncle to Manila. - Eventually, Mr. Taufer returned to Hongkong alone and
Josephine returned to Dapitan. Since no priest would marry them, they lived happily as common
law husband and wife. Their extremely happy marriage had begotten an 8-month old premature
baby boy who lived only for 3 hours. Their son was named ―Francisco, in honor of Don Francisco.
 During the hours of Rizal on December 30, 1896, Josephine, accompanied by Narcisa, arrived at
Fort Santiago. At 5:00 am on the same day, Rizal requested Fr. Balaguer that they be married
canonically. Then Rizal gave his ―wife – a wedding gift, a religious book ―Imitacion de Cristo
which he autographed: “To my dear and unhappy wife, Josephine December 30th, 1896”.
Note: Rizal‘s canonical marriage to Josephine Bracken remains doubtful and questionable.
Since, there was no proof that they were married in court or in church.
Week 11-12 Module in

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 11-12:
RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Discuss the reasons why Rizal plans to go home after his study abroad.
b. Value the importance of family and their safety
c. Write a reflection paper about the homecoming of our national hero in our motherland.
II. CONCEPT NOTES

All the alluring beauties of foreign countries and all the beautiful memories of his sojourn in alien lands could
neither make Rizal for his fatherland nor turn his back to his own nationality, he remained at heart a true Filipino with
an unquenchable love for the Philippines and an unshakable determination to die in the land of his birth.
To learn more about the first homecoming of Rizal, read and write the following concepts in your Notebook.
RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)
 Rizal’s Plans of Homecoming - As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines for the following
reasons:
a. Financial difficulties in Calamba
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b. Dissatisfaction with his studies in Madrid

c. Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home.
d. His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish the innocent.
 Decision to return home - After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to the
Philippines. However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines because his Noli Me
Tangere angered the friars:
1. Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only brother.
2. Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother-in-law; husband of Olympia.
3. Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.
 Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the following reasons:
a. To operate his mother’s eyes
b. To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants.
c. To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards.
d. To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
 Rizal arrives in Manila - Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French port and boarded Djemnah, the same
steamer that brought him to Europe five years ago. There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3
Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40 Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal). When the ship reached Aden, the weather became
rough and some of Rizal’s book got wet. In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred to another
steamer, Haiphong, that brought him to Manila.
Happy Homecoming
 When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a:

a. German spy
b. An agent of Otto Von Bismarck
c. The liberator of Germany.
d. A Protestant
e. A Mason
f. A soul halfway to damnation
 Paciano – did not leave him during the first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy assault. Don
Francisco – did not permit him to go out alone. In Calamba • Rizal established a medical clinic. Doña
Teodora – was Rizal’s first patient. Rizal treated her eyes but could not perform any surgical operation
because her cataracts were not yet ripe.
 He painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba. He translated German poems of Von Wildernath in
Tagalog.
 Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came from Germany. – He earned P900 in a few
months and P5,000 before he left the Philippines.
 Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal for the young people • He introduced European sports fencing and
shooting to discourage them from cockfighting and gambling.
Sad moments while Rizal was in Calamba
 Leonor Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade him to go because Leonor’s mother
did not like him for a son-in- law.
 Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo (one of his sisters) – died because of child birth.
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
Storm over the Noli Me Tangere
 As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his doom.
 Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting to come to Malacañang Palace. Somebody had
whispered to his ear that the Noli contains subversive ideas. Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed
the truth, but did not advocate subversive ideas. He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about
the book, he asked for a copy of the novel. Rizal had no copy that time but promised to send one for him.
 Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel. He was gladly welcomed by the
following friars: –
a. Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
b. Fr. Jose Bech
c. Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in the novel was the truth and warned him that he
may lose his head because of it.
 Governor-General Emilio Terrero – a liberal minded Spaniard who knew that Rizal’s life was in jeopardy
because the friars were powerful. Because of this he gave Rizal a bodyguard to protect him.
Jose Taviel de Andrade - A young Spanish lieutenant who came from a noble family. He was cultured and
knew painting • He could speak French, English and Spanish. They became good friends.
Attackers of the Noli
 Archbishop Pedro Payo – a Dominican Archbishop of Manila sent a copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio
Echevarria, Rector of the University of Santo Tomas to examine the novel.
 UST and Rizal - The committee that examined the Noli Me Tangere were composed of Dominican
professors.The report of the faculty members from UST about the Noli states that the novel was:
– Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious orders, and anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic order,
injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political order.
 Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report so he sent the novel to the Permanent
Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and lawyers.
 Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of the commission. – The group found
that the novel contains subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and recommended that the
importation, reproduction and circulation of the pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.
 The newspaper published Font’s written report - The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to make it
popular. The masses supported the book.
 Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe – Published a series of eight pamphlets under the
heading Questions of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writing. Copies of anti-Rizal
pamphlets were sold after mass. Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease the friars.
Noli Me Tangere in Spain
 The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes. Senators: – General
Jose de Salamanca – General Luis de Pando – Sr. Fernando Vida
 Vicente Barantes – Spanish academician of Madrid who formerly occupied high government position in the
Philippines bitterly criticized the novel in an article published in the Madrid newspaper, La España
Moderna.
Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere
 Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano Ponce
rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli.
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 Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo defended and praised the novel in
public.
 Don Segismundo Moret – former Minister of the Crown.
 Prof. Miguel Morayta- historian and stateman.
 Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Rizal’s best friend.
 Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia – a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Cathedral and a
Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis. Under the pen name Justo Desiderio
Magalang he wrote a defense of the novel published in Singapore.
 Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders especially to Fr. Garcia who defended him unexpectedly.
He attacked Barantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippine affairs and mental dishonesty which is
unworthy of an academician. • Because of the interest of both enemies and protectors of the Noli the price of
the book increased from five pesetas per copy to 50 pesetas per copy.
Agrarian Problem in Calamba
 Influenced by the novel, Governor-General Emilio Terrero ordered a government investigation of the friar
estates to remedy whatever inequities might have been present in connection with land taxes and with
tenant relations.
 One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba hacienda by the Dominican order since 1883. Upon hearing
about the investigation, the people of Calamba asked helped from Rizal to gather facts and list the grievances
so that the government might institute certain agrarian reforms.
Findings submitted by Rizal - The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around
Calamba, but the whole town of Calamba. The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because
of the arbitrary increase of he rentals paid by the tenants.The hacienda owner never contributed a single
centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the improvement of
agriculture.
 Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for flimsy reasons:
a. High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals •
b. When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the work animals, tools, and farm
implements of the tenants.
Friars Reaction
 Rizal’s exposure to the deplorable condition angered the friars. The friars exerted pressure to Malacañang to
eliminate Rizal. They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport Rizal but the latter refused for there is lack of
charges against Rizal in court. Anonymous threats in Rizal’s life alarmed his parents, siblings, Andrade his
bodyguard, friends, and even Terrero, thus they all advised him to leave the country.
Rizal’s reasons for leaving the Philippines
 His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends. He could not
fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
 Himno Al Trabajo - A Poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a friend to write a
poem in commemoration of the town’s cityhood.
 Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) – title of the poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa.
Farewell Philippines
 On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with a heavy heart. But this is for his own good and the safety of
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his family and friends.

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 13-14:
THE SECOND TRAVEL OF RIZAL
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Trace Jose Rizal’s voyage with the help of a world map.
b. List important events of Rizal’s second travel.
c. Write a reflection paper about the second travel of Rizal.
II. CONCEPT NOTES

On his 2nd time of going to other places in the world, he went to Europe again for a while then went to
Hongkong to practice his being a doctor of the eyes and to study Chinese. He also went to Japan and had a Japanese
romance with a girl named Seiko Usui. He also studied Japanese when he was staying there. He started his novel called
El Filibusterismo in Paris and continued it in Brussels. He wanted to go back to the Philippines but his family and
friends did not approve of it. The police at that time saw a copy of the El Filibusterismo, Noli Me Tangere and other
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writings of La Salle which were against the Spanish. In his novels, he made the 2 top characters of the story himself. In
El Filibusterismo he made Simoun which was a revolutionist and the students which were reformist.
To learn more about the second travel of Rizal, read and write the following concepts in your Notebook.
Second Travel of Dr. Jose Rizal (1888-1892)
 February 3, 1888 – after a short stay of six months in Calamba, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a
second time. Rizal left Manila for Hongkong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad to leave Calamba.
 February 7, 1888 – the steamer made a brief stopover at Amoy. But he got off the ship he was not feeling well
and that the city was dirty.
 February 8, 1888 – he arrived in Hongkong. He stayed at Victoria Hotel. Accordingly, it was a small but very
clean city. He was welcomed by Filipino residents like Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio and Manuel
Yriarte. There were other Filipinos in Hongkong but they were generally poor, gentle and timid. He observed
the noisy celebration of the Chinese New Year due to the continuous explosions of firecrackers, the noisy
audience and music in a Chinese theatre.
 February 18, 1888 – Rizal and Basa visited Macao. They boarded the ferry steamer, Ku-Kiang. The city was
small,low and gloomy. There were many junks, sampans, but few steamers. The city looked sad and dead.
They stayed at the house of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros. They also visited the theatre, casino, cathedral,
churches, pagodas, botanical gardens and bazaars.
 February 20, 1888 – after their two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal and Basa returned to Hongkong on board
again on the steamer Ku-Kiang.
 February 21, 1888 – Rizal and Basa went back to Hongkong. Rizal stayed in Hongkong for almost two weeks.
While in Hongkong, Jose Sainz de Varonda, a Spaniard, was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy
on Rizal.
Japan
 February 22, 1888 – Rizal left Hongkong alone on board the Oceanic, American steamer to Japan his next
destination. Rizal liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed but did not like the meals on
board. Other passengers of the ship were two Portuguese, two Chinese, several British and an American
woman Protestant missionary. His cabin mate was a British Protestant missionary who lived in China for 27
years.
 February 28, 1888 – Rizal arrived in Yokohama, Japan and registered at the Grand Hotel.
 February 29, 1888 – he proceeded to Tokyo and took a room at Tokyo Hotel where he stayed for 6 days. Japan
was to him the “Land of the Cherry Blossoms” because of its natural beauty and the charming manners of
the Japanese people.
 He visited by Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish legation. He wrote a letter to Ferdinand
Blumentritt, sharing his observation in Japan. During his first day in Tokyo, Japan, Rizal was embarrassed
because he didn’t know the Japanese language. To avoid further embarrassment, he decided to study the
Japanese language and a few days, he was able to speak the language.
 He also studied Kabuki, visited museum, libraries, art galleries and shrines, and villages. He was impressed
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by the beauty of Tokyo, but he was not impressed with the mode of transportation because the rickshaws
were drawn by men, which made Rizal disgusted because human were working like horses.
 He also met Seiko Usui but Rizal called her as O-Sei-San. They also met daily as they visited interesting spots
of the city, like the Imperial Art Gallery, the Imperial Library, the city parks and picturesque shrines. She
served as his guide, interpreter and tutor.
 April 13, 1888 – Rizal boarded the Belgic, an English steamer bound for the United States. He left Japan very
sad because he would never see again the beautiful land and his beloved O-Sei-San. His sojourn in Japan for
45days was one of the happiest interludes in Rizal’s life. On board the Belgic, he met a passenger, Techo
Suchero, a Japanese newspaperman who was jailed in his country for his articles and principles and was
exiled. The ship carried 643 Chinese people and other nationalities.
Across the Atlantic - USA
 April 28, 1888 – Rizal and Techo arrived in San Francisco Port on Saturday morning of April 28. All
passengers were not allowed to land because the ship was placed on a quarantine on the ground that it came
from the Far East where cholera epidemic was alleged to be raging.
 He soon discovered that placing the ship under quarantine was prompted by politics. After a week of
quarantine, all first-class passengers, including Rizal were permitted to land but the Chinese and Japanese
passengers of the second- and third-class accommodations was remained on board.
 May 4, 1888 – it was the day when Rizal and other passengers were permitted to land. Rizal registered at the
Palace Hotel.
 May 6, 1888 – Rizal left San Francisco to Oakland by ferry boat. In Oakland, he took his supper at Sacramento
for 75 cents and slept in his coach.
 May 7, 1888 – Rizal boarded a train for a trip across the continent.
Reno, Nevada (May 7); Utah, Ogden, Denver (May 8);

Colorado (May 9); Nebraska (May 10);
Chicago (May 11); Canada (May 12);
Albanya (May 13) and travel to New York City.
 May 13, 1888 – Rizal reached New York and stayed for 3 days. Rizal called it as “The Big Town”. He visited
the memorial George Washington, and other scenic and historic places.
 May 16, 1888 – he left New York for Liverpool and board the City of Rome. He also visited the Colossal Statue
of Liberty on Bedloe Island. Rizal’s Impressions of America 1. Progressive nation 2. People were energetic
and hard-working 3. Better opportunities for immigrants 4. Racial prejudice 5. Freedom and democracy
were only in words, not practiced 6. No true liberty.
London, England
 May 25, 1888 – he went to London and stayed there for a short time as a guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor (lawyer). He boarded at Becket family, and being close to Gertrude Becket.
 He spent Sundays in the house of Dr. Reinhold Rost, and played crickets with Dr. Rost son. He also spent
much of his time in the British Museum annotating Morga’s book, Sucesos de los Islas Filipinas (Historical
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Events of the Philippine Islands). For 10 months, he was deeply immense in his historical studies in London.
 He received news: Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the petition addressed to the Queen Regent
of Spain requesting the expulsion of the friars in the Philippines. Attacks on Rizal by Senator Salamanca and
Vida in the Spanish Cortes and Wenceslao Retana. • Persecution of the Rizal’s family and other Calamba
farmers for their courage to petition the government for agrarian. • Exile of Manuel Hidalgo without due
process. Arrest and jailing of Rizal’s friend – Lauriano Viado, for the copies of Noli found in his house.
 September, 1888 – Rizal visited Paris for a week and visited his Juan Luna and his wife Paz Pardo de Tavera
with their son Andres.
 December 11, 1888 – he went again to Spain and visited Madrid and Barcelona. He went to visit his
compatriots Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Marciano Ponce. They exchanged ideas and promised to cooperate in
the fight for reforms.
 December 24, 1888 – he returned to London and spent Christmas and New Year with the Becket family. •
December 31, 1888 – the Associacion de La Solidaridad was inaugurated, Rizal served as the Honorary
President; Galicano Apacible (President); Graciano Lopez-Jaena (VP); Manuel Santa Maria (Secretary);
Mariano Ponce (Treasurer); Jose Ma. Panganiban (Accountant).
 January 14, 1889 – Rizal wrote Blumentritt of his proposal to establish the “Inauguration Association of the
Filipinologist” and have its inauguration in the French capital. Blumentritt gladly supported him. • January
28, 1889 – Rizal a letter addressed to the members of the Associacion de La Solidaridad recognizing his
position as Honorary President. On his letter, he stressed that the individual should give way to the welfare
of society and he should nor expect rewards/honours for what he does.
 February 15, 1889 – Graciano Lopez-Jaena and Mariano Ponce was founded newspaper, called as La
Solidaridad in Barcelona – the official organ of the Propaganda Movement.

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 15-16:
SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LA LIGA FILIPINA
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Discuss the aims and attainment of the aims of La Liga Filipina.

b. Make a timeline of Rizal’s second homecoming.
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II. CONCEPT NOTES

Rizal was then brought back to the Philippines to face charges of rebellion due to his reported
association with the revolutionary movement. On December 26, a trial was conducted by the military court which
declared Rizal guilty of forming secret associations and starting the revolution. The governorGeneral sentenced him to
death.
To learn more about the second homecoming of Rizal, read and write the following concepts in your
Notebook.
Second Homecoming and The Liga Filipina
 June, 1982 • Rizal’s bold return to Manila •His second homecoming August, 1887 •His first
homecoming from abroad. • “The Battlefield is in the Philippines” • - Dr. Jose P. Rizal
 He reiterated this belief in a letter to mentritt. Two months later, on December 31, 1891 “I believe
that La Solidaridad is no longer our battlefield; now is a new struggle. . . the fight Is no longer in
Madrid”.
 June 26, 1892 • At noon Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia (wife of the late Mariano Herbosa)
arrived in Manila ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH SISTER
 RIZAL DESCRIBED HIS SECOND HOMECOMING AS FOLLOWS: ϖ I arrived at Manila on 26 June

(1892), Sunday, at 12:00 noon. I was met by many carabineers headed by a major. There were in
addition one captain and one sergeant of the Veteran Civil Guard. I came Down with my luggage
and they inspected Me at the customhouse. From there I went The Hotel de Oriente where
occupied room No.22, facing the church of Binondo.
 RIZAL DESCRIBED HIS SECOND HOMECOMING AS FOLLOWS: ϖ In afternoon, at 4:00 o’clock, he

went to Malacanan Palace to seek audience with the Spanish governor general, General Eulogio
Despujol, Conde de Caspe. He was told to come back at the night at 7:00 o’clock. Promptly at 7:00
pm he returned to Malacañang and was able to confer with Governor General Despujol, who
agreed to pardon his father but not the rest of the family and told him to return on Wednesday
(June 29).
 After his brief interview with governor-general, he visited his sisters in the city----- first Narcisa
and later Saturnina. RIZAL DESCRIBED HIS SECOND HOMECOMING AS FOLLOWS:
 VISITING FRIENDS IN LUZON CENTRAL 6:00 P.M of June 27 Rizal boarded a train In Tutuban
Station and visited his friends in the following places: Malolos, Bulacan, San Fernando, Pampanga
Tarlac, Tarlac Bacoor, Pampanga
 VISITING FRIENDS IN LUZON CENTRAL 5:00 P.M of June 28 - Rizal returned by train to Manila
whether he knew it or not, he was shadowed by government spies who were carefully watch his
every movement. ¬ The homes he had visited were raided by the Guardia Civil which seized some
copies of the Noli and Fili and some “subversive” pamphlets.
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 OTHER INTERVIEWS WITH DESPUJOL Wednesday (June 29 –Z) at 7:30-9:15 I saw his Excellency. I
did not succeed to have the penalty of exile lifted, but he gave me hope with regard to my sisters.
As it was the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul. Thursday (June 30) We talked about the question of
Borneo. The general opposed to it, very much opposed. He told me to come back Sunday.
 OTHER INTERVIEWS WITH DESPUJOL Sunday (July 3-Z) We talked about sundry things and I
thanked him for having lifted the exile of my sisters. I told him that my father and brother would
arrive on the first boat. He asked me if I would like to go abroad to Hong Kong. I told him Yes. He
told me to return on Wednesday.
 FOUNDING OF THE LIGA FILIPINA July 3, 1892 -(Sunday evening) ¬ Rizal attended a meeting of
the patriots at the home of the Chinese- Filipino mestizo on Ylaya Street, Tondo,Manila . Rizal
explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic league of the Filipinos. He presented the
Constitution of the Liga which he had written in Hong Kong. The patriots were impressed and
approved the establishment of The Liga.
 Objectives of the Liga Filipina- a civic league of Filipinos, which he desired to established and its
role on the socio- economic life of the people. OFFICERS OF THE NEW LEAGUE: The cover page of
the constitution of La Liga Filipina Directors: Jose Rizal, Founder Ambrosio Salvador, President
Agustin dela Rosa, Fiscal Bonifacio Arevalo, Treasurer Deodato Arellano, Secretary and first
Supreme leader of Katipunan
 Exile of Rizal Domingo Franco, President and Supreme leader Deodato Arellano,
Secretary/Treasurer Isidro Francisco, Fiscal Apolinario Mabini
 To unite the archipelago into one compact and homogenous body 2. Mutual protection in every
want and necessity 3. Defense against all violence and injustice. 4. Encourage of Education,
agriculture and commerce. 5. Study of application and reforms. CONSTITUTION OF THE LIGA
FILIPINA Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (one like all)
 Duties of the Liga Filipina Members 1. Obey the orders of the Supreme Court; 2. To help in
recruiting new members; 3. To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities; 4. To
have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of the council; 5. To
report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the Liga; 6. To behave well and
benefits a good Filipino; 7. To help fellow members in all ways.
 Rizal went to Malacañang to resume his series of interviews with governor general. The governor
general showed some printed leaflets were entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars). Rizal denied
having those leaflets. Despite his denial and insistent demand for investigation. He was placed
under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol the nephew and aide of Governor
General. July 6 -(Wednesday) RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO
 July 7 (Thursday) RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO Gaceta de Manila published
the story of Rizal's arrest the same issue the gubernatorial decree gave him the reasons for Rizal's
deportation as follows: 1. Rizal published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to
Spain which were “frankly anti Catholic and “prudently anti-friar.
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 RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO 2. A few hours after his arrival “there was
found in his packages… a bundle of handbills entitled “Pobres Frailes”. 3. His novel “El
Filibusterismo” was dedicated to the memory of the three traitors. 4. The end to which he pursues
in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino breats the treasures of our “catholic
faith”.
 July 15, 1892 (12:30 a.m.) Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the streamer Cebu which was
sailing to Dapitan (1:00 a.m.) the streamer under Captain Delgras departed sailing south, passing
Mindoro and Panay July 17, 1892 Reached Dapitan at 7:00 in the evening. Captain Delgras handed
Rizal over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Spanish commandant of Dapitan the same night, Rizal
began his exile in Dapitan which would last until July 31, 1896, a period of four years.

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/
Lesson 17-18:
RIZAL’S TRIAL AND EXECUTION
I. OBJECTIVES
a. Identify the accusations that led to Rizal’s trial and execution.
b. Describe the trial and execution of Rizal through reflection paper.
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
II. CONCEPT NOTES
To learn more about Rizal’s Trial and Execution, read and write the following concepts in your Notebook.
The First Trial of Jose Rizal
 On 20th December, 1896, Rizal together with his counsel, Lt. Taviel de Andrade of the Spanish
Artillery, prepared for his defense.
 Five days later, on 25th December, Christmas Day, Rizal was informed that on the following day,
at 10:00 am, the Council of War would convene. Rizal wrote his counsel Taviel, asking for a
conference prior to appearing before the Council. However, it was not known whether such pre-
trial conference between Rizal and his counsel took place.
 On 26th December, at the Cuartel General de Espana, a soldier’s dormitory was converted into an
improvised courtroom.
 The trial proceeded with the reading of the accusations against Rizal “as principal organizer” and
“moving spirit of the Philippine insurrection, founder of societies, of newspapers and [who] has
written books designed to foment and propagate ideas of rebellion and sedition among the
people, as well as the principal leader of the anti-government in the country.”
 Taviel de Andrade, Rizal’s defense counsel, argued that in the law applying the Penal Code of
Spain in the Philippines, none exists to establish the guilt of the accused; he likewise challenged
the veracity and impartiality of those who had given statements incriminating Rizal; he closed his
defense requesting the court to reject the images of war, for they could only provoke ideas of
vengeance, and that judges should not be vengeful but fair and just.
 After giving Rizal an opportunity to speak in his defense, the Court after deliberations rendered
its decision finding Rizal the author of rebellion and sentenced him to death.
 On 28th December, Governor General Polavieja approved the sentence of the Council of War after
knowing that none of the members of the Council of Authorities recommended the commutation
of the sentence against Rizal.
 On 29th December, Judge Dominguez went to Fort Santiago to notify Rizal officially of the
sentence. Rizal read the report or verdict but refused to sign it, stating that he was innocent. He
also alleged that he was not a Chinese mestizo as stated by the auditor in the report but a pure
Indio. Rizal was informed that no modifications were allowed in the text of the judgment.
 In the morning of 30 December, 1896, Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan field by musketry.
The Execution of Rizal

GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
 At 6:30 a.m. on 30 December 1896, Jose Rizal, bound elbow-to-elbow, left Fort Santiago by foot for
Bagumbayan field, accompanied by a bugler, a drummer and two Jesuit priests, Fr. Estanislao
March and Fr. Jose Villaclara. They took the Paseo de Maria Cristina, now called Bonifacio Drive.
Behind Rizal was his defense counsel Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade.
 A squad of soldiers surrounded them as they walked slowly. Upon reaching Bagumbayan field,
Rizal placed himself in the middle of the square, filled with 400 men, with a band playing.
 Eight native soldiers composed the firing squad. Behind them were eight Spanish soldiers with
Mauser rifles, ready to shoot the native soldiers if they refused to shoot Rizal.
 Rizal refused to be shot in the back, saying he had not been a traitor to the country or to
Spain. But the Spanish captain in charge of the execution told him that he had orders to shoot him
in the back. Rizal reluctantly agreed, but he firmly refused to kneel or be blindfolded. \
 One last request of Rizal was that the soldiers spare his head and instead shoot him in the back
near the heart. The captain agreed. Rizal then shook hands with his defense counsel, Lt. Taviel de
Andrade and thanked him for his efforts in defending him.
 A military doctor came to take his pulse; it was normal. The Jesuits raised a crucifix for him to
kiss, but Rizal had already turned away silently and prepared himself for death.
 The order to fire was given. Before the shots rang out, Rizal shouted, “Consumatum est!” (It is
finished!). When the bullets hit their mark, Rizal made a last effort to turn around, thus, falling
lifeless with his back on the ground, his face to the sky.
 Another soldier gave the body a “tiro de gracia” -- one last shot to make sure Rizal was dead.
Shouts of “Viva Espana!” rent the air. The band of the regiment struck the first chords of “Marcha
de Cadiz.”
 By 7:03 a.m. the execution was over.
 It is said that a dog (mascot) ran around the lifeless body, whining. Whose mascot was it?
Nobody knows, or nothing was written about it except that it was captured by the camera’s eye as
being among the crowd that witnessed the execution that morning.
Rizal Buried Without A Coffin
 After the execution of Rizal his body was placed in a van and with utmost secrecy buried in the
old Paco Cemetery.
 Sra. Teodora, the mother of Rizal, wanted to comply with the last wish of her son, that the family
takes charge of his remains. After several objections on the part of some Spanish officials, Civil
Governor Manuel Luengo agreed to her petition. However, when the funeral coach left, they had
GAPAN CITY COLLEGE
already secretly taken the body away, and Rizal's sister, Narcisa, went to all the cemeteries of
Manila looking for the remains in vain.
 On the way back, she saw, through the open gate of the Paco Cemetery, some guardia civiles. This
gave her a hint. She entered the cemetery and after much searching found a freshly dug grave
covered with earth. She gave the gravedigger some money and placed a plaque with the initials of
her brother in reverse, R.P.J., which means Rizal, Protacio Jose. (Jose Rizal, Filipino Doctor and
Patriot, by Jose Baron Fernandez, Paragon Printing Corporation, Manila, 1992, pp 370-371).
 A few days after the Americans occupied Manila in August 1898, Rizal's sister Narcisa asked
permission from the new authorities to exhume the remains of Rizal. Permission was granted.
When the body was exhumed, it was discovered that Rizal's body had not even been placed in a
coffin. The shoes were identified, but whatever had been hidden inside them had already
disintegrated (Fernandez, p. 393).
 In 1911, Rizal’s remains were transferred from the Paco Cemetery to the base of the monument
which had earlier been erected at the Luneta (now Rizal Park). His aged, beloved mother was still
able to attend the ceremonies of the transfer. A few weeks later Sra. Teodora Alonso Quintos
died. It appears she made the effort to survive her son, to go on living until such time that her
son’s memory would be officially vindicated.
Rizal's tomb, December 30, 1907 (Source: joserizal.ph)

RIZAL - MODULE (34pages)

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GAPAN CITY COLLEGE

City Hall Compound, Bayanihan, Gapan City,

II. CONCEPT NOTES

Childhood Years in Calamba, Laguna

THE STORY OF MOTH

Sa Aking Mga Kabata

Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

 Tio Jose Alberto – he develops the artistic ability of Rizal.

Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

 Pedro – his classmate that challenged him to fight.

Sad moments of Rizal during his childhood

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________/

II. CONCEPT NOTES

Scholastic Triumph at Ateneo de Manila

Jesuits System of Education

First Year in Ateneo (1872-1973)

Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874)

Third and Fourth Year in Ateneo (1874- 1876)

Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877)

Jesus; a noted Filipino sculptor.

Life in the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

Education in University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

Unhappy Days in UST

II. CONCEPT NOTES

Rizal’s Departure for Spain (1882)

was mostly spoken on the board.

Life in Barcelona, Spain

Life in Madrid, Spain

reading books, fencing, and shooting.

Week 6-7 Module in

II. CONCEPT NOTES

LIFE IN PARIS, FRANCE

LIFE IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY (1886)

LIFE IN BERLIN, GERMANY (1886)

GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE

Week 8-9 Module in

II. CONCEPT NOTES

1. To picture the past and the realities in the Philippines

1. Noli Me Tangere Introduction

1. The Cover Symbols

 HELMET OF THE GUARDIA CIVIL/CONSTABULARY HELMET- An obvious take on the arrogance of

 A LENGTH OF CHAIN- Rizal’s representation of slavery and imprisonment.

 SUNFLOWERS- A unique behavior in sunflowers, known as phototropism, is a motif that has

 Basilio - The elder son of Sisa.

 EL FILIBUSTERISMO COVER Tagalog Translation: Madaling ipagpalagay na ang isang rebelde

 He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz.

 Rizal sent complimentary copies to Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce,

OBJECTIVES OF DR. JOSE RIZAL IN WRITING THE NOVEL

II. CONCEPT NOTES

 Julia – a girl in the Pagsanjan River, who used to catch butterflies.

Week 11-12 Module in

II. CONCEPT NOTES

RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)

b. Dissatisfaction with his studies in Madrid

 When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a:

Sad moments while Rizal was in Calamba

Storm over the Noli Me Tangere

Attackers of the Noli

Noli Me Tangere in Spain

Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere

Agrarian Problem in Calamba

Rizal’s reasons for leaving the Philippines

Name: ____________________________ Score: _/