AMONG ALL ORGANISMS,

WHO UNDERGOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

 OVERVIEW OF THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photoautotrophs (light feeders) Heterotrophs (other feeders)

Plants Algae cyanobacteria Animals Fungi Some bacteria

Chemoautotrophs

Nitrogen fixing Sulfur oxidizing

bacteria bacteria
WHAT ARE THE RAW MATERIALS
NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
ELEMENTS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO OCCUR

1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Water
3. Sunlight
4. Pigment
- Chlorophylls
- Carotenoids
- Phycobilins
5. Temperature
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Plants absorb carbon dioxide
from the air and use it in the
photosynthesis process to
feed themselves.
2. Water (H2O)
• Provides the hydrogen
needed to form glucose (a
hydrocarbon).
 SUNLIGHT

❑It produced a tremendous

amount of electromagnetic
energy (solar energy).

❑The visible light section of

the electromagnetic spectrum
depicts a rainbow of hues.
 PIGMENTS
There are three basic
groups of plant pigments:
1.Chlorophyll - are green
pigments
2.Carotenoids- sources of
the yellow, orange, and
red colors of many plants
3.Phycobilins - are water
soluble pigments
TEMPERATURE
Temperature is an important factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.
❑ In low temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. The enzymes
responsible for photosynthesis function best within a specific temperature
range, and when the temperature is too low, the enzymes function more slowly.
❑ The rate of photosynthesis increases as temperature increases until it reaches
an optimum temperature. The optimum temperature is the temperature at
which the rate of photosynthesis is the highest.
❑ However, beyond the optimum temperature, the rate of photosynthesis begins
to decrease. This is because the enzymes involved in the process of
photosynthesis start to denature, or lose their shape and function, at high
temperatures.
❑ For most plants, the optimum temperature for photosynthesis is around 25-
30°C (77-86°F), although this can vary depending on the species of plant. In
general, temperatures above 40°C (104°F) can significantly reduce the rate of
photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND THE LEAF
❖Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves and stems of
plants that allow for gas exchange. They are responsible for the
intake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, which is used
in the process of photosynthesis, and the release of oxygen (O2)
produced during photosynthesis. In addition to gas exchange,
stomata also allow for the release of excess water vapor through a
process known as transpiration.
❖Guard cells are specialized cells that surround each stoma and
control its opening and closing. They are able to change shape in
response to various environmental factors such as light, humidity,
temperature, and the concentration of CO2 in the air. When a plant
requires more CO2 for photosynthesis, the guard cells swell and the
stoma opens, allowing for the exchange of gases. On the other
hand, when the plant needs to conserve water, the guard cells shrink
and the stoma closes, minimizing water loss through transpiration.
The opening and closing of stomata is crucial for maintaining the
balance between photosynthesis and water loss in plants.
PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Light Dependent Reaction
 event that occurs during light dependent
reaction :
Event 1: Photon absorption in Photosystem II (PSII)
Event 2: Photon Absorption and Energy Carrier in Photosystem I (PSI)
Event 3: ATP Production
Light Independent Reaction
Stage 1: Fixation Stage 2: Reduction Stage 3: Regeneration
SUMMARY
Thanks!