CONNECTING AFRICA LLC

by

AMBASSADOR DR. ADEPOJU OLUWATOSIN ABIGAIL DIANA

25TH MARCH 2023

 0 SCOPE OF
1 EDUCATION

02

03

CONTENTS
04
PART 01
 WHAT IS EDUCATION: LOOKING INTO
DIFFERENT BASIC DEFINITIONS OF
EDUCATION

Education also refers to the knowledge received through

schooling or instruction and to the institution of teaching as
a whole. Other definition of this concept includes:

*the act or process of imparting or acquiring general

knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and
judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others
intellectually for mature life.
*the act or process of imparting or acquiring particular
knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
a degree, level, or kind of schooling:
a university education.
*the result produced by instruction, training, or study:
to show one's education.
 NON FORMAL EUCATION
Formal Education

(CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES
AND DISADVANTAGES
Characteristics, advantags and
disadvantages

INFORMAL
EDUCATION
(CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES
AND DISADVANTAGES
 FORMAL EDUCATION
• Education goes beyond what takes places within the four walls of the classroom. A child gets the education from
his experiences outside the school as well as from those within on the basis of these factors.

formal education usually takes place in the premises of the school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or
trade skills. Small children often attend a nursery or kindergarten but often formal education begins in elementary
school and continues with secondary school.

Post-secondary education (or higher education) is usually at a college or university which may grant an academic
degree. It is associated with a specific or stage and is provided under a certain set of rules and regulations.

The formal education is given by specially qualified teachers they are supposed to be efficient in the art of
instruction. It also observes strict discipline. The student and the teacher both are aware of the facts and engage
themselves in the process of education.
CHARACTEISTICS OF FORMAL EDUCATION
• Formal education is structured hierarchically.
• It is planned and deliberate.
• Scheduled fees are paid regularly.
• It has a chronological grading system.
• It has a syllabus and subject-oriented. The syllabus has
to be covered within a specific time period.
• The child is taught by the teachers
ADVANTAGES OF FORMAL EDUCATION
• Students acquire knowledge from trained and professional
teachers.
• Structured and systematic learning process.
• Intermediate and final assessments are ensured to
advance students to the next learning phase.
• Institutions are managerially and physically organized.
• Leads to a formally recognized certificate.
• Easy access to jobs
DISADVATAGES OF FORMAL EDUCATION
• Sometimes, brilliant students are bored due to the long wait
for the expiry of the academic session to promote to the next
stage
• Chance of bad habits’ adoption may be alarming due to the
presence of both good and bad students in the classroom
• Wastage of time as some lazy students may fail to learn
properly in spite of motivation by the professional trainers.
• Some unprofessional and non-standard education system may cause
the wastage of time and money of the students which leads to
the disappointment from formal education and argue them to go
for non-formal education.
• Costly and rigid education as compare to other forms of
learning
INFORMAL EDUCATION
• Informal education is when you are not studying in a
school and do not use any particular learning method. In
this type of education, conscious efforts are not
involved. It is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. It
may be learned at some marketplace, hotel or at home.

• Unlike formal education, informal education is not

imparted by an institution such as school or college.
Informal education is not given according to any fixed
timetable. There is no set curriculum required. Informal
education consists of experiences and actually living in
the family or community.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMAL
EDUCATION
• It is independent of boundary walls.
• It has no definite syllabus.
• It is not pre-planned and has no timetable.
• No fees are required as we get informal education
through daily experience and by learning new things.
• It is a lifelong process in a natural way.
• The certificates/degrees are not involved and one has no
stress for learning the new things.
ADVANTAGES OF INFORMAL EDUCATION
• It involves activities like individual and personal research on
a topic of interest for themselves by utilizing books,
libraries, social media, internet or getting assistance from
informal trainers.
• Utilizes a variety of techniques.
• No specific time span.
• Less costly and time-efficient learning process.
• No need to hire experts as most of the professionals may be
willing to share their precious knowledge with students/public
through social media and the internet.
• Learners can be picked up the requisite information from books,
TV, radio or conversations with their friends/family members
DISADVANTAGES OF INFORMAL EDUCATION
• Utilized techniques may not be appropriate.
• No proper schedule/time span.
• Unpredictable results which simply the wastage of time.
• Lack of confidence in the learner.
• Absence of discipline, attitude and good habits.
NON FORMAL EDUCATION
• Non-formal education includes adult basic education, adult literacy education or school
equivalency preparation.

• In nonformal education, someone (who is not in school) can learn literacy, other basic skills
or job skills.

• Home education, individualized instruction (such as programmed learning), distance learning

and computer-assisted instruction are other possibilities.

• Non-formal education is imparted consciously and deliberately and systematically implemented.

It should be organized for a homogeneous group. Non-formal, education should be programmed to
serve the needs of the identified group. This will necessitate flexibility in the design of
the curriculum and the scheme of evaluation.
CHARACTRISTICS OF NON FORMAL
EDUCATION
• The nonformal education is planned and takes place apart
from the school system.
• The timetable and syllabus can be adjustable.
• Unlike theoretical formal education, it is practical and
vocational education.
• Nonformal education has no age limit.
• Fees or certificates may or may not be necessary.
• It may be full time or part-time learning and one can
earn and learn together.
• It involves learning of professional skills.
ADVANTAGES OF NON FORMAL EDCATION
• Flexibility in age, curriculum and time.
• Open-ended educational system in which both the public
and private sector are involved in the process.
• No need to conduct regular exams.
• Diploma, certificates, and award are not essential to be
awarded.
DISADVANTAGES OF NON FORMAL EUCATION
• No professional and trained teachers.
• Students may not enjoy full confidence as the regular
students enjoy.
• Some institutes provide fake certification through
online courses just for the sake of earning.
 STAGES
OF
EDUCA
TION

CHILDHOOD PRIMARY EDUCATION

EDUCATION
ThIS PROCESS OCCURS IN INFACT ,
BETWEEN 1 MONTH _2/3 YESRS. THS
PROCESS PROMOTES PARENT CHILD
BONDING
ThIS POCESS BEGIN THROUGH THE
ADMISSION OF A CHILD INTO THE
FORMAL SETTINGS OF A SCHOOL.
USUALLY STARTS 2 YEARS OF AGE
TO 9/10 YEARS OF AGE

SECONDARY
EDUCATION
ThIS PROCESS BEGINS IMMEDIATELY
AFTER THE COMPLETION O PRIMARY
SCHOOL . STARTS AT THE AGE OF
9/10 YEARS AGE TO 15/16 YEARS OF
AGE
TERTIARY/HIGHER
EDUCATION
TSARTS IMMEDIATELY AFTER
COMPLETION OF SECONDARY SCHOL,
IT IS A HIGHER FORM OF EDUCATION
ANDCAN GO ON FOR LONGER
PERIOD . THIS STAGEIS SUBDIVIDED
INTO VAROUS PLANS e.G. MASTERS,
PHD, PROFESSORIAL AWARD
 BACHELOR
S DEGREE
PROGRAM

MASTERS DEGREE
PROGRAM

DOCTORATE DEGREE
PROGRAM
TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO EDUCATION
• Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary
education, refers to long-established customs that society has traditionally used in schools. Some
forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, and a more
holistic approach which focuses on individual students' needs; academics, mental health, and
social-emotional learning.the opposite of traditional education may be progressive education,
modern education.As beneficiaries of this plan, which educational progressivist John Dewey
described as being "imposed from above and from outside", the students are expected to docilely
and obediently receive and believe these fixed answers. Teachers are the instruments by which this
knowledge is communicated and these standards of behavior are enforced.Traditional education
emphasises:
• Direct instruction and lectures
• Seatwork
• Students learn through listening and observation
CONT.
This tadional model of education is unfortunately still in
much acceptance in Africa today which has led to the
redundacy in our growth,interrative process also limited
access to education and without basic education, major
potential would be left undiscovered and would be a waste

In the next chapter we would discuss on abortive measures

to take to compact this tradional process of education
proposing the model of Digital education
PART 02
 DEFINITION

Digital Education can be Today‟s power is

defined as the use of a Knowledge. Hence a
combination of technology, person who has more
digital content and knowledge has more
instruction in the education power
system. Such a use makes
teaching learning process
more effective and
efficient than the traditional
education system.
CONT. SCOPE OF DIGITAL EDUCATION
• Digital Education has flourished over the period of time.
Just by sitting at home, you can get degrees from
international universities. digital education can be a
strong step to the students who are devoid of
educational facilities and to the students, who are
already in universities, it can be a great way to
enhance their knowledge and have some great
extracurricular activity.
EFFECT OF DIGITAL LERNING IN THE
SOCIETY
Digital literacy is important to establishing your presence in
the modern world. Lacking the ability to use digital technologies
means that there are many things you simply cannot do or access.
Possessing digital literacy allows you to improve the efficiency,
access to things, fulfillment, and happiness in your life. The
world today has become a global village where no man can shy away
from techology, its impact in problem solving being an effective
mechanism than the manual process to achieve accuracy and result
timely . imlementing this model into the educational system.EIGHT
{8} countries leading the way in online education · United
States · India · China · South Korea · Malaysia · United
Kingdom · Australia · South Africa.
 ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL EDUCATION
No Geographical Limitations
Now – a- days, online and distance education have become more important due to lack of being present physically in the
classroom. Various foreign universities have begun online degree courses what may be joined by the students from India also.
Therefore digitalization of education has no boundaries for the thirsted students for knowledge.
Smarter Students
In digital learning, students are able to develop effective and self directed learning skills with the help of various available
tools and technologies. They are being able to use online resources and apply the information with their problems. It certainly
increases the efficiency as well as the productivity of the student. Digital learning also sharpen the critical thinking and
learning skills of a students through analytical reasoning, open end questions with imagination and logic instead of just
memorizing notes or textbooks temporarily. Students are also learning the cooperation and team work by group work.
Self Motivated and More Accountable
With the help of digital learning tools and techniques, students are being more engaged andinterested in growing their
knowledge. They are learning and memorizing through engaging methods e.g.teamwork, reverse teaching, peer education,
concept maps, role playing, gamification, and storytelling,but they are not feeling the same as they feel in traditional education
system.
PROMOTING DIGITAL EDUCATION
As the world continues to deal with the disruptive impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on every sector of the economy and the
wellbeing of its people. The path to recovery from the pandemic
presents a unique opportunity for systems redesign or better
still, a reset.Many school children across Africa received no
education after several governments shut down schools as part of
the strategy to quell the spread of the virus. Parents,
especially in remote and rural areas looked on as nothing could
be done about their children’s education.Countries in sub-
Saharan Africa constitute 87% of the countries in the world where
more than 30% of primary school age girls remain out of school.
Young girls and many other vulnerable groups of children
continued to experience unique challenges detrimental to their
access to education, especially distance learning
• Education should be a basic human right. Technology is
increasingly playing a role in the quality of education
and more importantly how learning is done. The online
education market is expected to reach $350 billion by
2025 as flexible learning technologies scale-up. Online
education enables learners to access resources from any
location, at any time, at their own pace, and can be
tailored to their individual interests
PROBLEMS DIGITAL EDUCATION SEEK TO
ADDRESS IN AFRICA
• SOLVES THE ISSUE OF UNEMPLOYEMENT BY 25%
• GIVES EVENLY ACCESS TO EQUAL EDUCATION WITHOUT PREJUDICE
TO INCOME
• GIVES MORE ROOM FOR INTERRACTION AND GROUP ACTIVITIES
• It will encourage digital literacy as what is prsently
in course in africa which is affecting te pace of
development
 SOME AFRICAN COUNTRIES EMBRACING
DIGITAL EDUATION AS A MODEL FOR
PROGRESSIVE LEARNING IN AFRICA
• In Niger, access to higher education is limited because of the
health and security situation. The Agence Universitaire de la
Francophonie (AUF), collaborating with Niger’s Ministry of
Higher Education and Research, aims to strengthen the higher
education system’s resilience. The project will deploy a
digital distance learning platform for all departments of the
Abdou Moumouni University, the country’s largest university.
In Uganda, only three children out of ten who start in their
first year of primary school actually complete primary school.
And there are reasons for that, such as the difficulty of
implementing education policies and the lack of resources and
interest given to the voices defending the sector. Edukans aims
to use the online EDU Q-card tool allowing schools to (self-
)assess their performance via 40 quality indicators.
CONT.
• Many young Tanzanians hope that vocational training will provide them
with an income and improve their living conditions. But this is without
taking account of the difficulties associated with distance and high
costs, which are even greater obstacles for the more disadvantaged rural
populations. This issue can be resolved with the free online vocational
training application VSOMO, which was developed by the Vocational
Education and Training Authority and the telephone operator Airtel.
The University of Rwanda set up a multimedia studio on its Rukara
campus. There, academic staff are trained in designing digital knowledge
deliverables for students. The University of Rwanda aims to set up this
type of multimedia studios in six more of its campuses. These studios
allow making online learning resources more interactive and to better
engage students, particularly the most vulnerable.
PART 03
Having education in an area helps people think, feel, and behave in a way that contributes to their success that imrpoves nt only their
personal satisfaction but also their community .In addition, education develops human personality, thoughts,dealing with others and
prepares people for life experiences.The highly educated we are the better chance we get. Moreover, education polishes our mind,
reinforces our thoughts, and strengthens our character and behaviors toward others. It equips us with information in various fields
in general and our specialization in particular; especially what we need to master in our job career.
Being educated is an advantage to help our people and build a good society. Besides, it is very well-known that having self-confidence
is always generated from education. It is a great blessing for us to have self-confidence which leads to many advantages and success in
life. For example, it helps us manage specific tasks, tackle life’s challenges and maintain positive stands. Additionally, having
self-confidence is typically based on proper education; paving the path for us to success. Accordingly, self-confidence makes us aware
of how well we perform a task or a range of actions. In short, being educated is undoubtedly being self-confident and successful in life.
As discussed above, there are a lot of positive traits of having education; such as having a good career, having a good status in society,
and having self-confidence. Education makes us view obstacles as challenges to overcome with no fear; facing new things. It is the
main factor behind successful people and the merit of developed countries. Therefore, education is deemed a real success behind any
future success.
PROMOTING EDUCATION AS A MODEL FOR
NATION BUILDING
• Promoting quality education worldwide is an important
goal that has the potential to transform the lives of
individuals and communities. Quality education can
provide individuals with the knowledge and skills they
need to succeed in the workforce and contribute to their
communities.
• Quality education is a human right, and it should be
accessible to all. So how can we promote quality
education on a global scale? Which countries are
currently doing well in this regard? We have to be
involved to get these questions answered.
CONT.
• Make sure quality education is available to all students,
regardless of their race, gender, or socioeconomic
status. This includes both rural areas as well as urban
areas.
• Establish a system for tracking and evaluating each
student's progress. The tracking will allow easier
assessments of how well they are doing in school
• Ensure teachers are well-trained and equipped with the
knowledge necessary to provide quality education in
their classroom
CONT.
• Volunteer at your local library or book exchange. Run a
book drive for children who don't have access to books
at home. Collect gently used books and donate them.
• Share information about quality education with others
in your community. Speak out against injustice and
oppression in schools around the world. Stay informed
about the latest educational trends
WAYS PEACE CAN BE PROMOTED TRROUGH
EDUCATION
Education has been touted as one of the most powerful tools we can implement in
our global efforts to promote world peace.There are{5} major ways education can
aid in peace promotion:

Education Reduces Poverty

Imagine always being uncomfortable, malnourished, and fearful, not knowing where
your next meal will come from if it comes at all. This fear can often lead to
anger, and anger to violence. Education, especially when it’s combined with
technical training has been proven as an effective tools in reducing poverty
Education Builds Empathy & Tolerance
Therefore with quality education, a child can learn the quality of empathy and
understanding towards those who are different from them. And they may be more
accepting of others
CONT
EDUCATION CULTIVATES RESPECT
In the classroom, students learn to respect their teachers and their peers. They are
taught to let others speak and express opinions, not to interrupt, how to deal with stress,
and how to conduct themselves within a group setting.
Education Reduces Support of Terrorism & Militancy
According to a University of Maryland School of Public Policy survey, uneducated women are
more likely to support militancy and terrorism.
Education Opens Doors
There’s no doubt that education for peace leads to career enhancement, employment
opportunities, and chances of higher earnings.
CONCLUSION
As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Distance learning has
become standard. As teachers have little time and limited
financial resources, providing access to this new way of teaching
to teachers is not easy.
The introduction of technology to the classroom offers vast
opportunities to enhance learning and improve data collection to
drive down costs for programs. However, to fully harness its
capabilities, investments in digital infrastructure and measures
to expand teacher competencies must accompany the introduction of
this model.
To fully tap into the wealth of peace, we must work on our
educational model to discover potentials which would be useful
for the continent growth,while promoting capacity building.