Formulae Sheet For Mathematics Mensuration Area of a triangle =ixpen Perimeter ofa triangle = Sum of all the sides Area of a rectangle =LxB Perimeter ofa rectangle = 2(L+B) Area of a square eL Perimeter of a square 24L Area of a trapezium }xhx(a+b) Area of a circle sar Circumference of acircle = = 2ur Area of a semi-circle pur Perimeter ofa semi-circle = wr+D Area of a sector ao Arc-length. gg *2 ur Perimeter of a sector = arclength + 2r Volume of a cuboid =LxBxH Volume ofa cube 2b Surface Area ofa Cuboid = 2(L«B)+2(LxH)+2(BxH) Volume ofa prism = Base Area « H Surface Area ofa prism 2BaseArea + Perimeter of Cross-section « h ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page IVolume of Pyramid = «Base Areaxh x(Ixb)xh [Ifthe base is a rectangle ] xPxh [ If the base is a square ] $C }xbxh) xh [Ifthe base is a triangle ] Surface Area ofa Pyramid = Base Area + Area of 4 Triangles (If the base is rectangle or square] Volume ofa Cylinder =arh Curved Surface Area ofa Cylinder = 2urh Total Surface AreaofaCylinder = = wr?+mre+2arh 1 Volume ofa Cone = jearh Curved Surface Area of a Cone sar ‘Total Surface Area ofa Cone eurlenre Volume ofa Sphere Surface Area of a Sphere Volume ofa Heml-sphere Surface Area ofaHemi-sphere © = 2wr? + mr? Quadratic Formulae Quadratic Formula : ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 2Co-ordinate Geometry Equation of a straight line ysmxtc Equation of a straight line parallel tox-axis_ y=c Equation of a straight line parallel toy-axis. x=a Equation of a straight line which passes through origin = y=mx. Distance between two points Aand B: 14B| = |x. -21)7 +0 yn) Gradient (m) If m; and mp are the gradients of two lines , then they will be perpendicular to each other if m; X m= -1 idepoint = (22222, 1b Mid-point = (722, 2422) Area of a triangle [when the co-ordinates of the vertices are given Le A(x:.y:) , B(x2,y2) ,C(ss.ys) ] i. X23 Ty In ye ys va Trigonometry sineg = = Cos = & Tano== ine 9 = 5 0s 0= an d= 5 Arse auiangs [pn Woo Moca Mchied angle even) = xa wbx sinc ‘ . & a, wa SineRule: 555 = sep see Cosine Rule: a? = BP e?=2be Cos As b? = at +c? 2acCosR 2 = al+b?-2ab Cos ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] PagesPercentage Decrease/increase, Simple Interest Is A=PHI Profit% = =x 100% loss Loss% = Sx 100% Dis% = 32x 100% Original Number + Increase Decreased Number = Original Number — Decrease Angle Properties Of Polygons Sum ofall the interior angles = (n -2)x180 Gor all the polygons) Sum of all the exterior angles = 360 (For ail the polygons) One interior angle = (For the regular polygons only) One exterior angl (For the regular polygons only) Similarity And Congruency For two similar triangles a ee AB _ AC _ BC IfAABC is similar toALMN then = = T= 5 Ae For two dissimilar triangles which have common heights 4 2 ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 4Statistics Same of allthe given data Mean of ungrouped data Teuieraran Mean of grouped data = == Mode = The most repeated number In the given data. Median = The middle number in the organized data. While drawing a cumulative frequency curve cumulative frequency ts taken along y-axis and class intervals(marks, masses, lengths etc ) are taken along x-axis. The value on x-axis corresponding to 25% of cumulative frequency is called the Lower Quartile. Qi The value on x-axis corresponding to 50% of cumulative frequency is called the Median . ‘The value on x-axis correaporiding té 75% of cumulative frequency tecaMeGEO pet Quartile. | Qs The inter Quartile Range = Qs — Qu Frequency density = Frequency “> Clase width Eunctions FQ) =y (under function f image of x is y) Fy) = x (under function f image of y is x) Ina function F(x) = y all thevalues of x are called domain and thevalues of y are range. = AC 4B - AC = CB [AB] = (Fr oR lal = jx +y? ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 5Time Arrival Time = Journey Time + Departure Time Add 12.00 inp.m timeto convert it into 24-hour clock time. Don’tadd 12.00 inam time to convert it into 24 - hour clock time. ‘Add 24.00 in the given time to get next day time. Distance Speed , Time Distance = Speed x Time But in speed time graph : Distance = Area under Graph Pythagoras Theorem Pythagoras Theorem: We = Pt + Be Matrices waz (2 4) , then 1a) = @@)- 0) ab ad -b a = ( a » then AdjA = ‘ee me) Probability Number of favouable Total outcomes Probability (E) = Probability (NotE) = 1 — P(E) Probabilities are multiplied along a branch. Probabilities are added along different branches . ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 6Loci * Forthe locus of moveable point abouta fixed point always draw a circle with fixed point as centre. ‘* Forthe locus ofa moveable point abouta fixed line always draw two parallel lines on both sides ofthe fixed line. For the locus of a moveable point equidistant from two fixed points always draw the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the two fixed points. © Forthe locus ofa moveable point equidistant from two fixed lines always draw the angle bisector ofthe angle made by the two fixed lines. Sequence And Series Ifa sequence is such that by adding or subtracting a constant number the next term can be found , itsnth term can found by the following formula: a, =a+(n—1)d Where a. = nthterm a = 1%term of the sequence d = difference between two consecutive terms Ifa sequence is such that by multiplying bya constant number the next term can be found , its nth term can found by the following formula: ay = arnt Where an = nthterm a = 1sterm of thesequence r = common ratio Example.1 Fora sequence like 23,27,31,35, a= 23 Nid = 2752324 anza+(n — 1)d an=23+(n — 1)4 an=23+4n— 4 an=4n + 19 ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page?Example2 Asequence like 1x3,2x4,3x5,4x6,_,_,_,_. is composed of two sequences 1278 pc and 3,4,5,6 an=a+(n — 1d azat(n — 1d an=1+(n - 1)1 a=3+(n — 11 an=l+n— 1 ao=3+n— 1 an=n an=n+2 So the nth term of the given sequence is : an = nx(n + 2) Example3 Asequence like 3x1,4x4,5x 9, 6x 16,_, two sequences _. is composed of BAS Besse and 13290 %.._._ anza+(n — 1d 12, 2,32, 42, an=3+(n — 1)1 as =n? ag=34n— 1 anen +2 So the nth term of the given sequence is : an = (n+ 2)xn? Example4 Fora sequence like 1,3,9,27,_. a=1 r= 346 an = arvt an = (1)(3)* a, = 3m ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 8Sets If A and Bare two disjoint sets ,then ANB = 6 and a(AnB) n(A.UB) n(A) + n(8) If A and Barenot disjoint sots,then AnB +0 and (AUB) = (A) + n(B) — n(AnB) The formula for the union of three sets n(AUBUC) = n(A) + n(B) +n(C) — n(ANB)~ n(BNC)- a(Ang + n(ANBAC) Transformation —- ee ae Isometric Transformation Non-isometric Transformation Shape and size remain same Shape or size may change Orientation may change Orientation may change 1. Reflection 4, Enlargement 2. Rotation 3. Translation 1. Reflection point (x, y) is mapped onto the point (x, -y) point (x, y) is mapped onto the point (-x, y) point (x, y) is mapped onto the point (y ,x) point (x, y) is mapped onto the point (-y ,-x) How to find mirror line: If point P and its image Q is given ,join the two points find their mid-point M ,draw the line through M perpendicular to the line PQ, this will be the mirror line . ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page2. Rotation Rotation is an isomet transformation (shape and size do not change). In rotation orientation also remains unchanged. 90° Clockwise point bl ismapped onto the point [ ”,] 180° Clockwise point [}] is mapped onto the point Gl 270° Clockwise or 90° anticlockwise point bl is mapped onto the point [—] Centre Of Rotation If the AABC and Its image A 4'BC’ is given, join A with 4’, draw perpendicular bisector of Ad’ . Similarly join B with B’, draw perpendicular bisector of B B’. The point where Aa’ and B B’ join is called the centre of rotation ‘t Angle Of Rotation Join A with O and A’ with 0. The angle between OA and 04 is the angle of rotation. 3. Translation Translation isan isometric transformation (shape and size do not change). Translation retains orientation A translation canbe represented bya column vector (j}) , where a and b is the number of units moves along the x-axis and y- axis respectively . If apointP. () has an image () under translation ()}) then we can write: O-O+@ T(P) = P+ T TAP) = T(P)+T ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 104, Enlargement Enlargement is a non- isometric transformation (size changes). Enlargement retains orientation . Centre Of Enlargement If we join all the points of a figure with their images and produce them , they will join at a point, this points called the centre of enlargement . Enlargement Factor(k) Distance of image from the centre of enlargement Enlargement Factor = === oe Distance of object from the centre of enlargement OR If A'B" is the image of AB, then a Enlargement Factor = [= Enlargement factor is positive if the object and the image are on the same side of the centre of enlargement . Enlargement factor is negative ifthe object and the image are on the opposite sides ofthe centre of enlargement . Area of Enlarged Figure Area of tmage ‘Area of object Enlargement with enlargement factor 3 and enlargement centre O (origin) yoaxis ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 11Enlargement with enlargement factor -2 and enlargement centre (9,7) yeaxis c /s ° 2 . | 1 waxis Transformation Matrices The co-ordinates of the image of a point can be achieved by pre-multiplying the point with a matrix . Reflection Matrices: 1. x-axis as mirror line: i ict(? 8) be idtemiredtatin the imgeot (} 9) os Can be found when reflected in x-axis as follow ohh O che G8) ae 56 2) . by (2 0 C @ -G = ) 2. y-axis a mirror line: tet(* 2) be the required matrix, the imageof (5?) a < Can be found when reflected in y-axis as follow CoG d-G “eo ae eaas os ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 123, y=X as mirror line: ab 10 Let ¢ ) be the required matrix, the image of Ge D Can be found when reflected in the line y= x as follow CG PC 3 Cre) 4, y=-x as mirror line: oa ‘ab . if 3) oa tet(2 4) bethe required matrix, theimageot (j Q) 0 ¥# \ Can be found when reflected in the line y =-xas follow € ao v= 0) Ea Bw Translation Matrix: Atwanlationcanberepresented by acolumavector (8). 1¢ put? (5) hasan tmoge (8) under vesocaton (2) then we ca write: @)-Q+Q TR= Pe ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 13Rotation Matrices: 1. 90°- clockwise : use (* ®) vetneroqured macte,thetmageot (1° ‘can be found when rotated 90- clockwise about the origin 2s follows C aC ots o) «*) Ca-G 0) = oa DO 2. 90°- anticlockwise : fo ~ ab cc heir ext —__ > tet (2 4) be the required matrix, the image of ( ) “cay Be can be found when rotated 90- clockwise about the origin as follow (0,4 él DG 9) Cae) |. 180°- clockwise : i (? 2) nga Mize Peiroct (2 8) » can be found when rotated 90- clockwise about the origin as follow C a6 Ds Ce) ee © canis CWC) wd Enlargement Matrix: (ee Op) Arenlargement with centre (0,0) and enlargement factor kc. ‘Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 14Summary of the translation matrices Sr# | Matrix Description 1 G 0 ) Areflection about x-axis ( x-axis as mirror line) oO -1 2 Ca 0) | Areflection about y-axis (y-axis as mirror line) 0 1 3 G al Areflection about the line y = x (the line y =x 1 O/ as mirror line) 4 ( 0 ai Areflection about the line y =- x ( the line y =- -1 07) x as mirror line) 5 0 a} A rotation of 90° clockwise about the origin. -—1 0 6 ( ) A rotation of 90° anti-clockwise about the 1 O07 | origin. 7 Ss 0 ) A rotation of 180° clockwise or anti-clockwise 0 -1/) about the origin. 8 k 2) An enlargement with centre (0,0) and 0k enlargement factor k. Sir Shoaib Aslam (03326565989 / YouTube letslearn with Shoaib ] Page 15