I.

INTRODUCTION

Language is arguably the most obvious distinction between humans and all other species.
Linguistics is the study of the communication system that underpins everyday life.
Many people in this world are familiar with linguists and linguistics. But they only know
that Linguists are people who speak multiple languages. For example, language teachers or tour
guides. Or they'll tell us that Linguistics is the study of languages. They had no idea what the
correct answer was or what linguistics was.
Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language. Linguistics is concerned with
describing and explaining the nature of human language. Its primary goal is to learn about the
'natural' language that humans use every day and how it works.
Linguistics is concerned with fundamental questions such as what language is and how it is
related to other human faculties. Linguists consider language as a cultural, social, and psychological
phenomenon and seek to determine what is unique in languages, what is universal, how language is
acquired, and how it changes in order to answer these questions. Linguistics is thus one of the
cognitive sciences; it connects the humanities and social sciences, as well as education and the
hearing and speech sciences.
There are various types of language systems in linguistics. They are sound systems
(phonology and phonetics), sentence structure (syntax), meaning systems (semantics, pragmatics,
and language functions), and language and social factors (sociolinguistics).
Saussure defines linguistics as the study of language, and as the study of the manifestations
of human speech. He says that linguistics is also concerned with the history of languages, and with
the social or cultural influences that shape the development of language.
Descriptive linguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies the structure of languages.
Research is conducted in a wide range of languages. A graduate program in Hispanic linguistics is
also available. This long-running program encompasses a wide range of research and training in this
expanding and dynamic field.
Descriptive linguistics is the scientific endeavor of systematically describing the world's
languages in their diversity, based on empirical observation of regular patterns in natural speech.