Basic Life Support CPR

BY

Dr. Dalal Soud

Professor of Anesthesia & Intensive Care

Objectives:
• Definition of the1st aid.
• Definition of cardiac arrest.
• Causes of cardiac arrest.
• BLS sequences.
Definition of the 1st aid:
It is the immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person.

Definition of cardiac arrest:

Sudden cessation of heart beat and cardiac function.

… No pulse , No breathing in unconscious patient.

Basic life support:

Sequences of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood
after pulmonary and/ or cardiac arrest.

Chest compression and pulmonary ventilation performed by anyone who knows

how to do it anywhere, immediately without any other equipment.

Causes of cardiac arrest:

 Airway obstruction.
 Breathing inadequacy.
 Cardiac abnormalities.
1ry causes:
Ischemia, myocardial infarction, valve disease, drug, acidosis, hypertension,
hypothermia, electrolyte disturbance.

2ry causes:

Severe hypoxemia, anemia, hypothermia, hypovolemia, septic shock.

 BLS sequence

Kneel by the side of the victim.

Shake shoulders and shout. Ask

“Are you all right?”

If he responds:
• Leave as you find him.
• Find out what is wrong.
• Reassess regularly.

Unresponsive

Shout for help

 Unresponsive

Shout for help

Open airway

Open airway:

Basic techniques :
either
Head tilt chin left or jaw thrust.

Unresponsive

Shout for help

Open airway

Check breathing
 Confirm cardiac arrest

Open Airway
Look for signs of life

ABC
< 10 sec.

Check breathing:

 Look, listen and feel

for NORMAL
breathing.
 breathing – apnea.
 Gasps (agonal
breathing).
 Unresponsive

Shout for help

Open airway

Check breathing

Call123

 Confirm cardiac arrest cardiac

arrest.
 Call resuscitation team.
 Compress (CPR).
 Unresponsive

Shout for help

Open airway

Check breathing

Call 112

30 chest compressions
 Chest compression

 Place the heel of one

hand in the cebntre of the
chest.
 Place other hand on top.
 Interlock the fingers.
 Compress the chest.
 Rate 100 min-1.
 Depth 5-6 cm.
 Equal compression and
relaxation.
 When possible (2 or more
rescuers) change CPR
operator every 2 min. to
prevent fatigue.
 Unresponsive

Shout for help

Open airway

Check breathing

Call 112

30 chest
compressions

2 rescue breaths

2 Rescue breaths

By mouth to mouth breathing:

1-open airway by head tilt chin left.

2-pinsh the patient nose.

4-give the patient deep breath over 1 to 2 sec.

5-observe inflation of the chest and repeat the same steps for the 2nd breath.
Continue CPR

30 : 2
Continue resuscitation until:
Qualified help arrives and take over.
The victim starts breathing normally.
Rescuer becomes exhausted.

If victim starts to breathe normally place him in recovery position.

Summary