Research Activities

Utilities for High-

Rise/Complex Hotel
Presented by:
Paraiso, Cedrick Adrian
Bongol, Justin James
Lozada, John Lloyd
Aguilar, Allen Sedrik
ACOUSTIC

Building acoustic refers to the science of preventing

What is acoustics?
noise in structures such as hotels. In this regard, it
encompasses the reduction of noise transmission in the
hotel room and the management of the sound
characteristics inside the room spaces. Hotel acoustics
are vital features in the construction, operation and
sketch because they have a substantial productivity,
verbal exchange and health.
OUTDOOR NOISE INDOOR NOISE
Vehicles (largest noise contributor) People
Congregation area Pet
Neighborhood, Vicinity buildings Machinery
Natural phenomena
 STEPS FOR OBTAINING GOOD ACOUSTICS

Quietest surroundings consistent Noise survey

Selection of the proper

Arrangement of the rooms
sound-insulation construction.

Selection and distribution of the Building manager

absorptive and reflective materials
TYPE OF ACOUSTICS
Outdoor Acoustics
Indoor Acoustics
Reverberation
Reflection
Absorption
Diffusion
Defraction
Isolated acoustics
Flanking paths
Examples

When the reflecting surface is not flat and smooth, the sound may reflect
When sound impacts most objects, at least some of it reflects. Sound
in many directions at the same time. The uneven surface provides several
behaves very much like light in this regard. The angle of incidence
smaller surfaces that have varying angles of incidence, resulting in varying
equals the angle of reflection. A large, flat surface is like a mirror for
angles of reflection. Diffuse surfaces are often used in architectural
sound.
acoustics to eliminate or reduce the presence of distracting echoes

Most materials will absorb some amount of sound. Any sound that is not
Diffraction is the bending of sound waves around objects. It occurs when
reflected has been absorbed in some way. It may have been converted to
the wavelength of the sound wave exceeds the largest dimension of the
heat or some other form of energy, or it may have just passed through
object. Instead of reflecting, some of the sound finds its way around the
the material. Absorption is very frequency dependent, so for a given
object. The lower the frequency of the sound, the more readily it diffracts.
material, the balance between amounts of absorbed and reflected sound
will typically vary quite a bit from low frequency to high frequency.

Refraction is the bending of sound waves when they encounter a change

in the speed of sound. This might be because they move from air to
some other media (such as water), or it might happen entirely in air
when the speed of sound varies when encountering air of changing
temperature.
TECHNIQUES TO OBTAIN GOOD ACOUSTICS
Efficient control of sounds helps to reduce unwanted transmission of sound and enhances sound quality.
The selection of the site in the quietest surroundings consistent with other requirements.
The making of a noise survey to determine how much sound insulation must be incorporated in a building to meet
specified requirements of quietness.
The arrangement of the rooms within the building.
The selection of the proper sound-insulation construction. The control of the noise within the building, including solid-
borne as well as air-borne noise.
The selection and distribution of the absorptive and reflective materials and constructions that will provide the
optimum conditions for the growth, the decay, and the steady-mate distribution of sound in each room.

HOW SOUND IS TRANSMITTED?

Sounds originating in the air which are transmitted
Impulses produced by the dropping of objects on a floor
OUTDOOR ACOUSTICS

Trees

Windows

Walls
FACADE CLADDING
1. Protection
2. Economic
3. Safe and Healthy
4. Aesthetics
5. Availability
6. Sustainability
7. Maintenance
8. Insulation
9. Durability
Acoustic Materials Application
for Exterior Facade

Fins Facade Cladding

Thermal Acoustic Insulator

Insulator

Bricks

Vertical Fins
EXAMPLES

Bricks

Thermal Acoustic Foam Styrofoam Facade

Styrofoam
EXAMPLES

Vinyl siding Metal mesh Modular green wall/ vertical garden

Acoustic Materials Application for
Interior Facade

Porous Absorbers Resonant Absorbers

INDOOR

Panel Absorbers Isolated Acoustics Flanking Noise Paths

INDOOR
WALLS

Lobby

Offices

Units/ hotel rooms

INDOOR
WALLS

Theater

Maintenance

Restaurant
INDOOR
CEILING

Commercial areas

Lobby

Offices
INDOOR
CEILING

Maintenance Recreation Units/ hotel rooms

INDOOR

Doors Windows Glass

Z
O
N
I
N
G

L
A
Y
O
U
T
SUSTAINABLE ACOUSTIC
MATERIALS

Abaca Fiber

Coconut husk panel Coconut husk Mesh

(Thermal Acoustic Insulation)
PLUMBING
UTILITIES
 WHAT IS PLUMBING ?

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of

installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to
convey and supply water in buildings and to
dispose and discharge waste, water and other
liquids, gases and other substances out of
buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary
way to ensure the health and sanitation of life
and property.
LAWS AND STANDARDS
(RA 1378) REVISED NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1096 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF

THE PHILIPPINES

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 856 PROMULGATING THE CODE ON

SANITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Domestic wastewater : shall mean wastewater discharges from water closets, bathtubs,
showers, sinks, wash basins, and similar sanitary conveniences in a building. It is
synonymous to "domestic sewage".

Effluent : shall mean the liquid outflow of any facility designed to treat, convey or retain
wastewater.

Industrial wastewaters : "industrial wastes" shall mean all wastewaters from any producing,
manufacturing, processing, commercial, agricultural or other operations where the
wastewater discharged .includes significant quantities of wastes of non-fecal origin.

Lateral sewer : "Collecting sewer" shall mean the public sewer usually 200 mm. or larger in
diameter and used to collect wastewater from house connection and industrial connection
sewers and transport it to main or trunk sewers. It is also called " common sewer".
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Septic tank : shall mean a single-story settling tank in which the settled sludge is in
immediate contact with the sewage flowing through the tank, while the organic solids are
decomposed by anaerobic bacterial action.

Septic tank system : shall mean the combination of a house sewer, septic tank and soil
absorptionfield for use as a domestic wastewater treatment and disposal system whenever
and wherever a sanitary sewerage system is not available.

Sedimentation tank : shall mean a tank or basin in which sewage or other liquid containing
settleable solids is retained for a sufficient time, and in which the velocity of flow is
sufficiently low to remove by gravity a part of the suspended matter. The detention period
should be short enough to avoid anaerobic decomposition. It is also called settling tank.
PLUMBING GUIDELINES
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES

Minimum Plumbing Facilities ( R1-Hotels )

Water closets ( Fixtures per person )

1 per sleeping room

Lavatories ( Fixtures per person )

1 per sleeping room

Bathtub or showers ( Fixtures per person )

1 per sleeping room

Other
1 service sink or laundry tray
PLUMBING GUIDELINES
SEPTIC TANK

Sec. 75. Septic Tanks

Where a public sewerage system is not available, sewer outfalls from residences,
schools, and other buildings shall be discharged into a septic tank to be
constructed in accordance with the following minimum requirements:

a. It shall be generally rectangular in shape. When a number of compartments

are used, the first compartment shall have a capacity from one-half to two-
thirds of the total volume of the tank.

b. It shall be built of concrete, whether precast or poured in place. Brick,

concrete blocks or adobe may be used.

c. It shall not be constructed under any building and within 25 meters from any
source of water supply.
 PLUMBING GUIDELINES
SEPTIC TANK ( Area and volume computation )
2 units : 1200 gallons
V = 1.125 + 0.75 (1200 galls)
V = 2250 gallons

1cu.m. = 264gallons

V = 2250 gallons ( 1 / 264 )

2250/ 264

8.52 CU.M.

Length = Total Volume / Width x 1.20m depth

1.2 depth for the anaerobic bacteria
.3 aerobic bacteria
Length = 8.52 / 1.5 x 1.20m depth
Width = 1.5 m
Length= 4.73 m

Hotel (no kitchen waste) - 227.1L. per bed (2 person)

PLUMBING GUIDELINES
Water Heater System

A vast majority of hotels have conventional tank-storage

water heaters, which are powered by gas.

At its most basic level, a water heater is designed to heat

the supply of water within your hotel.
PLUMBING GUIDELINES
What are Your Options?

There are four basic types of commercial water heaters:

tank-storage, hybrid, tank-less, and point-of-use.

Tank-storage heaters are by far the most popular kind,

but tankless water heaters are growing exponentially
each year.

Hybrid models are relatively new but worth considering

if you’re seeking maximum energy efficiency.

Tankless water heaters, also known as demand-type or

instantaneous water heaters, provide hot water only as
it is needed. They don't produce the standby energy
losses associated with storage water heaters, which can
save money.

Point-of-use heaters are ideal for quickly delivering hot

water to faucets and appliances located far from the
hotel’s main water heater.
PLANNING AND LAYOUT
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS
(SBR)
What is Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR)?

Sequencing Batch Reactor Processes that are occur in the

presence of oxygen. Sequential Batch Reactor process is a
type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage
or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological
floc composed of bacteria and protozoa, Ultimately it is a
single input, single output process,

The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a fill-anddraw

activated sludge system for wastewater treatment. In
this system, wastewater is added to a single “batch”
reactor, treated to remove undesirable components,
and then discharged. Equalization, aeration, and
clarification can all be achieved using a single batch
reactor.
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS
(SBR)
Advantages
Equalization, primary clarification (in most
cases), biological treatment, and secondary
clarification can be achieved in a single reactor
vessel.
Operating flexibility and control.
Minimal footprint.
Potential capital cost savings by eliminating
clarifiers and other equipment.
Disadvantages
A higher level of sophistication is required
(compared to conventional systems), especially
for larger systems, of timing units and controls.
Higher level of maintenance (compared to
conventional systems) associated with more
sophisticated controls, automated switches,
and automated valves.
Potential of discharging floating or settled
sludge during the DRAW or decant phase with
some SBR configurations.
Potential requirement for equalization after
the SBR, depending on the downstream
processes.
WATER TANK

LOCATION

All water tanks are not the same. It might sound strange, but water storage tanks differ in nature and
implications in Vastu. Underground water tanks, which we primarily use as reservoirs, are considered
as a water element. On the other hand, overhead tanks act like earth elements. So, according to Vastu,
even if both types store water, their position and direction must be different.

Experts strictly prohibited placing water tanks in the South direction.

Tanks can be built in rooftop

Tanks can be built beneath parking lots .
Tanks could be placed discreetly behind garden walls.

CONSUMPTION

The tourism industry—specifically hotels, restaurants and some residential establishments—consumes

approximately 84–2,000 litres per person per day and up to 3,500 litres per bedroom per day. Suffice
to say hotels and restaurants are dependent on water, second only to air, for their day-to-day
operations.

FIRE RESERVE TANK

The tanks are used to store water used by the fire

sprinkler systems when the municipal water supply is
insufficient for the fire suppression.

Fire Water Storage tanks from 2.18 meters up to 3.23 metres high with gross capacities ranging from 12,000
litres to 370,000 litres.
Large range of outlets/inlets and valves to suit specific requirements (up to a 150mm diameter)
Various sizes and heights to fit most available spaces.
Use of the exclusive 5 layer Aqualiner approved to Australian, American and British Standards for potable
water.
Can be installed on a sand pad or a concrete ring beam (site application and Standard specific).
Fast and easy to install at any stage of a project.
Compliant with the current standard AS2419.1-2005 and the new standard AS2304
ELECTRICAL
UTILITIES
WHAT IS ELECTRICAL
UTILITIES?
Electrical utility means the City’s electrical distribution
system and includes all the structures, switchgear,
transformers, poles, wires, cables, meters and related
apparatus and facilities used in the receiving, distribution and
measuring of electrical power and energy and which comprise
the electrical distribution system. It also includes all land,
easements, rights-of-way, buildings, vehicles,

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL UTILITIES IN BUILDINGS

light the building (day and night)

Operation of security
Operation of mechanical systems
Operation of heaters and fans
Operation of Hvac systems
LAWS AND STANDARDS

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7920 Regulating the Practice of Electrical

Engineering in the Philippines

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11361 Ensuring the continuous and

uninterrupted transmission and distribution of electricity and the
protection of the integrity and reliability of power lines, and
providing penalties for violations thereof.

HOUSE BILL NO. 515 The Philippine Electrical Code serves as the
basis in the installation of electrical system designs in the country
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Branch Circuit- The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device
protecting the circuit and the outlet(s).

Circuit Breaker- A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic

means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent
without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.

Composite Optical Fiber Cable- A cable containing optical fibers and

current-carrying electrical conductors.

Control Circuit- The circuit of a control apparatus or system that carries

the electric signals directing the performance of the controller but does
not carry the main power current.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Generator- a machine that converts one form of energy into another, especially
mechanical energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo, or electrical energy into
sound, as an acoustic generator.

Panelboard- A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the
form of a single panel, including buses and automatic overcurrent devices, and
equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits;
designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall,
partition, or other support; and accessible only from the front.

Solar Photovoltaic System- The total components and subsystems that, in

combination, convert solar energy into electrical energy suitable for connection to
a utilization load.
WHAT IS GENERATORS?
Generators are any machine that converts mechanical energy to electricity
for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic,
commercial, and industrial customers.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE
INSTALLING A GENERATOR
POWER OUTPUT RATING

FUEL TYPE & OVERALL COSTS

AUTONOMY
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

SIZE

INSTALLATION

MAINTENANCE
TYPES OF GENERATORS
A popular and common choice for a backup power system is a
commercial generator. DIESEL and NATURAL GAS are the two most
common fuel types for commercial generators.

DIESEL GENERATOR PORTABLE RENTAL GENERATOR NATURAL GAS

GENERATOR
WHAT IS SWITCHGEAR (MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARD) ?

Electrical switchgear refers to a centralized

collection of circuit breakers, fuses and
switches (circuit protection devices) that
function to protect, control and isolate
electrical equipment. The circuit
protection devices are mounted in metal
structures. A collection of one or more of
these structures is called a switchgear
line-up or assembly.

Location

Inside or outside
Accessible location nearest the point of
entrance of service conductor
SIGNIFICANT AREAS TO BE
POWERED BY GENERATORS
According to National Electrical Code (NEC), a generator typically supplies power to three
main areas.

1. Emergency Circuits: 2. Code Required Standby Circuits

* Egress path lights * Elevators

* Exit lights * Building emergency lighting
* Fire pumps * Data & communication system
* Fire alarms * Ventilation and smoke removal
* Card readers * Front desk outlets
* Magnetic door holds
* Other critical and life safety circuits
3. Optional Standby Circuits:

* Food storage & processing

* HVAC units
* Electric sockets
CONSIDERATION ON PLACING
GENERATORS ON SITE

Flooding – Generators should be elevated, especially in coastal areas.

Sound Considerations – Generators are loud, so designing sound barriers is advised.
Guest Site Lines – Generators are large, bulky pieces of equipment that require
strategic placement to remain out of sight.
Access – Technicians must be able to access and service generators, requiring
proper clearances around the units.

TYPICAL SIZE OF A GENERATOR:

.A typical 150 kW generator is approximately 10’ long by 5’ wide by 6’ tall and weighs
7,000 lbs. This is a very large piece of equipment that must be accounted for during the
early design phase.
WHAT ARE GENSETS USED FOR?
Provide power and backup electricity.
Refrigerated loads cold during road transport
Depend on the operations and location of a business.
.
DATA CENTERS
Require constant power.
Power outages can impact server availability.
Gensets prevent lost business and productivity.

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
In healthcare, keeping power running could become a matter of life or
death.
These generators may connect to a natural gas supply to ensure an
unending supply of fuel from the local gas lines.
Automatically turn on when the main power shuts off.
EMERGENCY POWER OPERATIONS

Emergency departments or news stations that need to keep operating in critical

situations to keep the population informed may require backup generators

POWER IN REMOTE LOCATIONS

In remote locations not connected to the power grid, gensets can offer a way of
getting electrical power.
Include rural mountainous regions or even remote island locations.
Military operations in locations without access to a power grid can also use a
genset to run necessary equipment.

POWER FOR COOLING OR HEATING UNITS ON REEFER

CONTAINERS
Gensets provide a backup means of powering the heating or cooling units on the
reefer.
FIRE PUMP
Article 6.95 Philippine Electrical Code

A fire pump is an equipment that is designed to provide the

required water pressure and flow to sustain a fire protection
system as part of the emergency life safety system.

The Fire Code of the Philippines requires all buildings higher

than 15 meters (measured from the road) to be provided with
sprinkler system.

Multiple fire pumps are required as dictated by the largeness

and height of the building.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
AND SECURITY CONTROL
 HOTEL SAFETY AND SECURITY CHECKLIST [12 VITAL PROTECTIONS]

Access Control Security Staffing

Vehicle Security Evacuation Procedures
Key Management Phone and Mobile Device Security
Video Surveillance Guest Asset Security
Building Identification and Accessibility High-Security Safes
Duress Alert Systems (Panic Buttons) Cash Handling Procedures
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS

A building management system (BMS),

otherwise known as a building
automation system (BAS), is a
computer-based control system
installed in buildings that controls
and monitors the building's
mechanical and electrical equipment
such as ventilation, lighting, power
systems, fire systems, and security
systems.
 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM?
DIAGRAM OF INFORMATION

A communications system
is a collection of individual
telecommunications
networks, transmission
systems, relay stations,
tributary stations, and
terminal equipment usually
capable of interconnection
and interoperation to form
an integrated whole.
 HOTEL SECURITY SYSTEM
Hotel security systems are the development, implementation and maintenance
of a complex of organizational and technical measures to prevent
unacceptable financial damage to the hotel due to the implementing of
accidental or deliberate threats.

THREE TYPES OF SECURITY MEASURES IN THE HOTEL

PREVENTIVE MEASURES - providing information that warns of a possible

hazard.
OPERATIONAL and LIQUIDATION MEASURES, which are most firmly entrenched
in the mass consciousness, imply a certain reaction on the part of the
security service to a situation containing a threat to the safety of customers
in a hotel.
DIFFERENT HOTEL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Two-Way Radio or also Known as Radio Walkie-Talkie
DECT Phones
Mobile Device-Based Walkie Talkie
Sip Audio Intercom
THREATS ON HOTEL CUSTOMERS

PHYSICAL THREATS- are the result of physical actions. They threaten the
health of people, their property, hotel property; indirectly affect the amount
of profits and losses.
FINANCIAL THREATS- cause direct financial losses to both the hotel and
customers. Clients' property may be endangered not only by external
factors, but also by the fault of the clients themselves.
INFORMATION THREATS- are a consequence of interaction in the field of data
security. They lead to indirect financial and moral losses.
 SECURITY/CCTV/FCC
The CCTV control and monitoring room means the secure area of a building
where CCTV is monitored and where data is retrieved, analysed and processed.
It is also the location where calls may be received from ‘Help Points’ and from
where warning can be made via public address systems, associated with the
cameras.

LOCATION:
The security control room should be centrally located near the main public
entrance, or it may be located near or in the central holding area close to
secure circulation. In larger courthouses, additional security stations should be
located on the court floors, near the public circulation areas.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
It is very important for each and every
hotel to install PBX system during initial
stage only. PBX is a system of
telecommunication that offers multi
attendants to answer the call and allow
multiple users to make calls. With the help
of this system of telecommunication,
guests can easily communicate with the
hotel staff for various requirements
without moving out from their rooms. Just
by making a call, they can order food stuff
and other things.
Why to choose PBX system?

Centralization
Communication
Reliability
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF)
A Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is a signal distribution frame
or cable rack used in telephony to interconnect and manage
telecommunication wiring between itself and any number of
intermediate distribution frames and cabling from the
telephony network it supports.

The MDF connects equipment inside a telecommunications

facility to cables and subscriber carrier equipment.

LOCATION:
The MDF room for each building is typically in the basement
and must be located on a bearing wall, which reduces the
possibility of relocating the room if the building is expanded or
altered.
 INTERMEDIATE DISTRIBUTION FRAME (IDF)
ROOM
IDF rooms house intra-building backbone cables and serve as
a distribution point for horizontal cabling. The physical size of
a building determines the need for communications rooms.
The length of the horizontal standard cabling for voice, data
and video is limited to 295 linear feet or 90 linear meters from
the room to the communications outlet.

LOCATION:
IDF rooms shall be vertically stacked with relation to one
another. The room shall be located off a corridor or an area
not associated with business offices or high activity areas.
Restrooms and all other water, soil, and steam sources shall
not be designed on any side of or above the IDF rooms.

IDF might be located on each floor of a multifloor building, routing the

cabling through the walls to an MDF on the first floor.
 OFFICE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
OIT is responsible for supplying all voice, data and video backbone and
horizontal cable. OIT will hire a telecommunication contractor to pull,
terminate, label and test all cable. OIT will provide voice and data equipment
and materials to up fit the telecommunications rooms.

LOCATION : HOTEL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Scope of maintenance areas:

Such scope is very comprehensive and includes several activities like inspections adjustments,
replacements, repairs, keeping records etc., the broad areas of hotel engineering maintenance
work include civil, mechanical, electrical, safety & security, energy and waste management, fire
protection etc.