7

MAPEH WEEK 1 - 4

Arts
Fourth Quarter
• Festivals and Theatrical Forms Celebrated in the
Philippines
• History of the Philippine Festivals and Theatrical Composition,
Evolution, Townspeople’s Participation and Contribution to the
Event
• Elements and Principles of Arts in Philippine Festivals
• Philippine Festivals in a Unique Visual Presentation

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 Festivals and Theatrical Forms Celebrated in the Philippines
Do you love fiestas? Do you know that our country is dubbed as the Fiesta Island of the Pacific? It
is a home of rich, colorful and lively festivals. Festivals are delightful events for the Filipinos, since we
are art-loving and fun-loving people.

Festivals are delightful events for the Filipinos, since we are art-loving, and fun-loving people.
Our life is surrounded by festivities and celebrations through it we express our thanksgiving and
celebration of blessings from God.
Philippine festivals are divided into two categories, namely:

A. Religious Festival – is a festival by a certain or specific group of churches or religions.

B. Non-religious Festival -.is a festival with a group of people, community or a region due
to tradition and culture.

RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

Pahiyas Festival
It is an expensive and colorful affair in the quiet town of
Lucban, celebrated every 15th of May in honor of San Isidro Lucban, Quezon
Labrador. It is the Farmers` thanksgiving for a rich and bountiful
harvest. The townspeople prepare many things for this festival,
among them is the all-important Kipling.
• derived from the word payas meaning
• “decoration” or “to decorate”
• celebrated every 15th of May in Lucban, Quezon.
• townspeople decorate their houses with agricultural produce like fruits, vegetables and flowers
and kipling (a leaf-shaped wafer made of rice and color with assorted food coloring)
• practice started when farmers offered foods at the foot of Mount Banahaw
• ritual changed and food offerings were brought to Lucban church- the oldest church in the town
for blessings
• people display the harvest in front of their homes where the parish priest would come to bless
the harvest during the procession of the image of San Isidro Labrador

Obando Fertility Right

It is both a festival and a prayerful request for devotees,
celebrated every May. Locals and travelers dressed in traditional
costumes, dance and sing in the town`s streets to honor and beg
Obando`s three patron saints: San Pascual (Paschal Baylon), Santa
Clara(Clare of Assisi) and NuestraSeñora deSalambao (Our Lady of
Salambao).
• dance ritual and Catholic festival celebrated every 18th of May in
Obando Bulacan, a town in Manila Bay Obando, Bulacan
• fertility dance supposedly originated from a pre-
Christian celebration “kasilonawan"(creator of nature)
• considered Paganistic in belief as women would offer dances to the gods of nature
when Spaniards introduced Catholicism in the country, Franciscan missionaries introduced the
three saints: San Pascual, Santa Clara and Our Lady of Salambao to replace Pagan gods
• one of the highlights of this ritualistic festival is the dancing of couples with no children
• panata (a form of prayer for couples who are hoping to have children)
Moriones Festival
It is held during the Holy week. The Moriones is a costume worn by
Marinduquenos.
Morion means “mask” or “visor” that covers the wearer`s face. This
festival is characterized by colorful and realistic Roman costumes,
painted masks like true to life and brightly colored tunics
(a loose garment, typically sleeveless and reaching to the wearer`s knees).
• lenten rites held annually on holy week of March in the Island of
Marinduque, Marinduque
Philippines.
• the Moriones costume must be worn every day (except during night time).
• Morion means “mask” or “visor,”
• served not only a sacrifice and torture of wearing the costume all day, but to reenact the story
of St. Longhinus.
• Longhinus was a Roman soldier who supposedly stabbed Jesus on the cross and
miraculously gained his eyesight when his eye was hit by Jesus blood whichconverted
Longhinus to Christianity and angered his fellow soldiers. The re-enactment reaches its
climax when Longhinus is caught and beheaded.

Ati-Atihan Festival
It is a festival held on the third week of January in honor of the
Santo Niño and is celebrated by rejoicing and energetic merriment on
the streets. The name means “make-believe
Atis.” The festival is also named after the Ati, the indigenous natives of
the island.
• Ati-Atihan means “Atis” or “Ati”(Aeta people).
• held on the third Sunday of January every year on Kalibo, Aklan
the second Sunday after Epiphany in Kalibo Aklan
Province on the Island of Panay.
• the festivity was originally a pagan (anito god).
• the Ati-Atihan is a two-part celebration: one is to honour the Santo Nino (baby Jesus) and the
other is to remember a peace agreement between two conflict tribes back in 1210.
• the Ati people were struggling with famine (scarcity of food) as the result of a bad harvest.
They were forced to descend ( to pass) from their mountain village down to the settlement
where the Borneans lived and ask for help.
• the Bornean chieftains called ”Datus” were obliged to give them food. In return, the Atis
danced and sang for them, grateful for the gifts they had given.
• Borneans have their bodies painted with coat (cover) to show their gratefulness and kindness
with the Aeta who are dark- skinned.
• the Ati-Atihan is celebrated as a religious festival through lively dances on the streets.

Sinulog Festival
This festival is held every third Sunday of January to honor the
Santo Niṅo (Child Jesus). The native dance of Sinulog celebrates the
acceptance of the Filipino people of Christianity, more specifically,
Catholicism, to replace their belief of animalism. The word “sulog”
means river current, which pertains to the dance steps being similar to
a river`s push and pull current.
• the native dance of sinulog memorializes the acceptance of the
Cebu City
Filipino people of
 Christianity more specifically, Catholicism, to replace their belief of animalism long before
the arrival of Magellan.
• another expedition arrived on April 28, 1565 led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. Juan
Camus (one of Legazpi's men), discovered the image of the Santo Niño inside a wooden box
beside other animist idols.
• the word “Sinulog” means “graceful dance”, wherein it all started in 1980 with a simple dance
that represents the “sulog” or current of a river in Cebu.
• the festival is an annual cultural and religious festival held on the third Sunday of January in
Cebu City, which is the Centre of the Santo Niño Catholic celebrations in the Philippines.
• “Pit Senyor!” phrase is often yelled during the Sinulog festivities. The phrase is short for
“Sangpit sa senyor,” which literally means “A plea to Sir.” The Holy Child is also referred as
“Senyor Santo Niño.”
Iloilo City

Dinagyang festival
This festival traces its roots as a thanksgiving celebration in
honor of Senyor Santo Niño, the child Jesus. It also showcases the
rich heritage, colorful history, passionate devotion, and fun-loving
spirit of the Ilonggo people.
• Dinagyang Festival is held annually every fourth weekend of
January. The root word “dagyang means “to make happy”.
• Dinagyang began after Rev. Fr. Ambrosio Galindez, the first
Filipino Rector of the Agustinian Community and Parish Priest of the San Jose Parish,
introduced the devotion to Santo Niño in November 1967 after observing the Ati-Atihan
Festival in the province of Aklan.
• In 1968, a replica of the original image of the Santo Niño de Cebu was brought to Iloilo by Fr.
Sulpicio Enderez of Cebu as a gift to the Parish of San Jose.
• The faithful, led by members of Confradia del Santo Niño de Cebu, Iloilo Chapter, worked
to give the image a fitting reception starting at the Iloilo Airport and parading down the
streets of Iloilo.

Santacruzan
It is popularly known as Flores de Mayo which means “Flowers
in May”. It is celebrated with flower offerings for the blessed Virgin Mary
in Catholic churches. Santacruzan (from the Spanish santacruz, “holy
cross”) is a ritual pageant held on the last day of the Flores de Mayo.

NON-RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL
Panagbenga Festival
Its English name is The blooming
Flowers Festival, which means, “season of blooming”. It is a month-long
annual celebration of a tribute to the city`s beautifully grown flowers,
and is celebrated in the month of February.
• held in Baguio, the summer capital of the Baguio City
Philippines.

• In 1997 the festival was named “Panagbenga” a Kankanaey (native language in the province
of Benguet and Mountain Province).
 • It’s English name is “The blooming flowers Festival”, which means, “Season of blooming”,
founded by the late lawyer Damaso Bangaoet.
• the festival is celebrated in the month of February 29-March 1.
• created as a tribute to the city's flowers and as a way to rise up from the tragic event of the
1990 Luzon earthquake.
• the most crowd-generating events were in the last week of the festival where there is a Street
Dance and a Float Parade. Closing ceremonies were at the night of the last day of the fest.

Masskara Festival
Masskara is a combination of the English word “mass” and the
Spanish word “kara” (which means face). This festival is celebrated every
third weekend of October, or on the closest weekend to October 19. It
dramatizes the steadfast character of the Negrenses and
symbolizes what the City of Smiles, Bacolod City, do best, putting on a
smiling face even when faced with challenges.
‘

Kaamulan Festival
This festival is celebrated from the second half of February to March
10. It shows the unique indigenous culture through integrating different
activities of several sectors and fusing them into one, creating a unique and
wonderful celebration in ethnic fashion.
• an ethnic cultural festival held annually in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
from the second half of February to March 10, the anniversary date of
the foundation of Bukidnon as a province in 1917.
• Kaamulan started as a festival on May 15, 1974.
• held to celebrate the culture and tradition of the seven ethnic tribal groups— Bukidnon,
Higaonon, Talaandig, Manobo, Matigsalug, Tigwahanon and Umayamnon. - different
activites of several sectors fused them into one, creating a unique and wonderful celebration
in ethnic fashion.
• Kaamulan comes from the Binukid word “amul” meaning “to gather”.
• Kaamulan is gathering for purposes— a datuship ritual, wedding ceremony, thanksgiving
festival during harvest time, peace agreement, and all of these together.

Kadayawan Festival
It is a festival of thanksgiving in the month of August for the
gifts of nature, the wealth of culture and the bounties of harvest, and
peaceful living that is derived from the
Dabawenyong word, “madayaw” or good, valuable and superior in
English.
• an annual festival in the city of Davao.
• held in the third week of August every year.
• this festival is derived from the Dabawenyong word, “madayaw” which
means “valuable”.
• Long time ago, Davao’s ethnic tribes were residing at the foot of Mount Apo during a bountiful
harvest.
• this ritual serves as their thanksgiving to the gods particularly to the “Manama” (the Supreme
Being).
 • times have changed, this practice of thanksgiving or “pahinungod” is still very much practiced by
modern day Dabawenyos.
• the festival is honored by exposing various farming fruits, flowers, vegetables, rice, corn grains,
as a tribute to the gods. Singing, dancing and giving offerings to their Devine protectors are the
highlights of these thanksgiving rituals.

Philippine theater comes in a variety of forms. These include religious and non-religious
acts or productions, usually shown or performed during festivals, covering a wide range of
resources and origins.
Now, let us identify the Philippine theatrical forms.

THEATRICAL FORMS
Shadow Play
It is an ancient art form that uses flat, expressed figures to
produce cut-out figures which are held together by sticks and
sometimes, thread, to create movement, which are shown behind a
thin layer of cloth or screen and a light source to create the shadows.

Dance Drama
It is a drama performed through dance movements,
frequently with dialogue or sometimes, even singing and is
popular for retelling of famous, national literatures. Actors act out
scenes through a complex gesture language, which imitates actions in
real life and are required rhythmic body movements as an expressive
public performance.

Comedia or Moro-Moro
It is the earliest known form of organized theater created by
Spanish priests. It is unique to the Philippines because there are no
other countries that thought of or created the said drama. This form of
theater is usually performed during festivals or fiestas throughout the
Philippines. All Moro- Moro plays follow the pattern of a love affair
between a Muslim-Filipino princeand a Christian princess.

Sarswela or Zarzuela
It is a play with songs and dances usually written in prose,
depicting the unusual feature of a romantic love among idealized
Filipino characters that are often accompanied by topics of
contemporary, social, political, economical or cultural issues for
relevance and added interest.
Senakulo

It is one of the most famous events during the Lent season

usually showing stories and events from the Old and New
Testaments related to the life, sufferings and death of Jesus Christ.
It takes at least eight days to be performed, from Palm Sunday to
Easter Sunday, in different places: on the streets, on stage, in a
chapel or church.

Elements and Principles of Arts in Philippine Festivals

The Philippine festivals are accompanied with different elements of art and culture.

ELEMENTS OF ART
1. Line- is the path of a moving point. Lines define the edges of ______________________
shapes and forms.

2. Shape- is an area enclosed by line. It is 2 dimensional and

can be geometric or organic.

3. Forms- are 3-Dimesional. They occupy space or give the

illusion that they occupy the space.

4. Color- is the most expressive element of art and is seen

by the way light reflects of a surface and also adds interest
and reality to an artwork.

5. Value- is the lightness and darkness of a surface. It is

often referred to when shading.
Value is also important in the study of color.

6. Texture- is the actual surface feel or the simulated

appearance of roughness, smoothness and
many others.

7. Space- is the distance around, between, above, below, and

within an object.

PRINCIPLES OF ART
1. Balance- refers to the visual of the elements of the
composition. It is a sense that the painting “feels stable
and feels right”.

2. Contrast- is the difference between elements of art in the

composition, such that each element is made stronger in
relation to the other.
3. Emphasis- is when the artist creates an area of the
composition that is visually dominant and commands the
viewer’s attention.

4. Pattern- is the uniform repetition of any of the elements

of art or any combination thereof.

5. Movement- is the result of using the elements of art such

that they move the viewer’s eye around and within the
image.

6. Rhythm- is created by movement complied through

the repetition of elements of art in a non-
uniform but organized way.

7. Unity/Variety- is visually pleasing agreement among

the elements in a design; it is the feeling that everything
in the work of art works together and looks like it fits.

Philippine Festival Element Principle

Ati-Atihan – Kalibo, Aklan •

• color • Pattern
• form • rhythm
• shape • unity
• line • balance
• texture • contrast

Moriones – Marinduque
• form
• balance
• texture • contrast
• shape • pattern
• line • emphasis
• rhythm

Dinagyang – Ilo-ilo City

• color • pattern
• line • balance
• shape
• rhythm
• form
• unity
• value
• texture • contrast
 Kaamulan – Bukidnon
• TexturE • balance
• color • pattern
• line • rhythm
•
• shape • contrast
• form • unity
• value • movement

Pahiyas – Lucban, Quezon

• Color
• rhythm
• texture
• • unity
• space
• balance
• shape

Sinulog – Cebu City

• texture
• color • Balance
• line • pattern
• shape • rhythm
• form • movement
• value

Panagbenga – Baguio City

• color • balance
• line • pattern
• shape • rhythm
• form • contrast
• value • unity
• texture • movement

Kadayawan – Davao

• color • balance
• line • pattern
• shape • rhythm
• form • contrast
• value • unity
• texture • movement

Masskara – Bacolod
• color • balance
• line • pattern
• shape • rhythm
•
• form • contrast
• value t • unity
• exture • movement
 Philippine Festivals in a Unique Visual Presentation
Philippines is the Fiesta Island of the Pacific since it is the home of rich, colourful and lively
religious and non-religious festivals.
Religious Festivals

Sinulog festival

• shows the acceptance of Filipino people to Christianity.

• shows a variety of colorful and well-made costumes of the dancers.
• Dancers are wearing dressed like angels with different kinds of accessories.
• Music is brought by the drums, trumpets, and the native gongs.

Ati-Atihan festival

• consists of religious processions and street-parades, showcasing theme floats, dancing

groups while wearing colorful costumes, marching bands, and people sporting (athlete) face and
body paints.
• known as "Sadsad" (way of dancing)
• wear costumes that usually made up of broom, hair, or tiger grass, and other indigenous
materials.

Pahiyas festival
• houses are decorated with fruits, vegetables, and colorful Kiping (shaped, multi-
colored rice- paste,) during the celebration.
• They brought their farm produce at the church in honor of the town’s patron St. Isidro the
Laborer
• The face of each participating house also put commercial products such as hats, abaniko or
hand-held fans, mats, bags, the famous Lucban longganisa (Filipino-style sausages) to
showcase their products.

Moriones festival
• classified by colorful and realistic Roman customs, painted masks, and brightly colored history.
• The festival is dedicated to Longinus, a half-blind Roman soldier that supposedly pierced (pointed
object) Christ in his side.
• used indigenous materials for the making of armor

Dinagyang festival
• comes from “dagyang”, an Ilonggo term for revelry or merrymaking - a point of
Iloilo’s Dinagyang Festival.
• a showcase of the rich heritage, colorful history, passionate devotion, and funloving spirit of the
Ilonggo people.
• has colorful costumes, booming drum beats, and energetic dances of the performers while the
tribes perform a street dance routine

Non-Religious Festivals
Panagbenga festival
• a word from the local Kankanaey language, which means “blooming.”
• Most featured in the celebration is the beautifully arranged flowers atop (on the top) floats and
are showcased in a parade.
• includes street dancing, presented by dancers dressed in flower-inspired costume
Kadayawan festival
• celebrate abundant crops, performing rituals that paid tribute to the nature gods
• comes alive every year in August when the festival begins, showcasing different dances, floats,
tribal costumes, and jewelry
• decorated streets with local fruits, vegetables, and other harvests while people dance with
Kadayawan abundance for several days

Kaamulan festival
• from Binukid word “Amul” which means “to gather”.
• celebrates the customs and traditions of the seven tribal groups that originally inhabited the
Bukidnon region, namely, the Bukidnon, Higaonon, Talaandig, Manobo, Matigsalug, Tigwahanon,
and Umayamnon. celebrate a festival by telling legendary stories, relieving ancient rituals, playing
and listening to ethnic music, and doing traditional dances.

What I Can Do

FEMALE MALE
Activity 5: Miniature Costume Designing
Directions: Read and follow the step-by-step process in
designing your own costume.
Materials Needed:
- pair of scissors
- - glue gun
- - tweezers
- coloring materials like: pens, water colors,
crayons
- recycled materials like: beads, sequins, other
available
- indigenous materials like: broom hair,
sawdust, other available
- other needed materials: paste or glue, the figures
below Steps to follow:

1. Trace or copy the figures in a short bond paper. Choose either

male or female.
2. Start designing by pasting the needed materials.
3. Use different kinds of materials, indigenous or recycled
materials like broom hair for wigs to create different textures.
 Assessment

PART I. IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Identify the following festivals whether Religious or Non-Religious.

1. Kadayawan 6. Santacruzan
2. Pahiyas 7. Dinagyang
3. Kaamulan 8. Sinulog
4. Moriones 9. Ati-Atihan
5. Masskara 10. Obando fertility right

PART II. TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

1. Dance drama is a drama that is performed through dance movements.

2. Moro-Moro is also known as Comedia.
3. Shadow play is an ancient art form that uses flat, cut-out figures which are held together
by sticks or thread to create movement.
4. Senakulo is one of the most famous events that is shown during Christmas.
5. Zarzuela is a play with song and dances usually written in prose.