Circuit and System Analysis

EHB 232E
Example: Find the node voltages of following circuits in jw domain by using
node voltages method. R1=R2=R3=1Ω, C1=C2=1F, vk(t)=Cos(t).

1- Write KCL for nodes except reference node.

2- Second step, write the current of the circuit elements in terms of their
voltages, then, write these voltages in terms of node voltages, substitute
them into the equations
Additional equations are:
Example: Analyze the following circuits in jw domain

a) by using Chord (link) current method.

b) by using Branch Voltages Method.

Solution:
a) Chose a tree and write fundamental loop equations:
Write the element voltages in terms of current and substitute them in the
equations

Write branch currents in terms of chord (link) currents

substitute them in the equations

b) Write fundamental cut equations

Write the element currents in terms of voltages and substitute them in the
equations

Write link voltages in terms of branch voltages and substitute them in the
equations
Example: At the following circuits obtain the state equations in jw domain
and solve them.
Example: The circuits below is equation in SinusoidaI Steady state. Obtain
the node equations and find v3(t).
Question: How do we solve the circuit in case of multiple sources at
different frequencies?

Solution: We perform phasor analysis separately for each frequency value,

and the obtained time domain solutions are summed.

The principle of superposition says that the output of a linear circuit due
to several inputs working together is equal to the sum of the outputs
working separately:

Example: Find i1(t).

Solution:
Power factor angle:
ϕ is a power factor angle . As closer is the power factor angle to
0°, the greater the active power is, as closer is to 90° the greater
the reactive power is.
capacitance and inductance do not consume active power, resistor
does not consume reactive power.

Complex Power:

units of complex power is volt-amps (VA)

Example: find the apparent power of the impedance z(jw).
Power Factor Correction:
If the ϕ: phase difference between current and voltage
increases, higher amplitude current has to be drawn from
the lines in order to consume the same active power in the
load. Since the lines are not ideal conductors, the increasing
current increases the losses in the lines. Minimum power
loss in the lines is achieved if the phase difference between
the current and the voltage is zero. Trying to make the
phase angle zero ( making cos(ϕ)=1) is called power
compensation or Power Factor Correction .
Example: taking into account the givens, calculate the
power consumed and find the current drawn from the line.

Example:
Example: Calculate the power consumed by R2