Question 1

a. Justify the need for having a website in todays’ business

activities.                                                                                      [6 marks]

A website is an online brochure where you can advertise your business offers. It gives
you a platform to reach out to a far-and-wide global customer base. If you are a blogger,
you have the possibility to influence your readers. You can show all your ideas and publish
them on a website. If you have a business idea, then you don’t have to wait. You can
straightaway open an online shop and sell your products or services online. An added
advantage is that the online shop will be open 24/7 for your clients, throughout the year.
You can communicate with your customers, giving them an opportunity to express
themselves. You can provide valuable customer support by having a trouble-ticket
system. If you have an official website with a domain, then you can have your
personalized email. For example, info@trustacademy.com

b. List any four skills that are often required to develop a

website.                                                                                        [4marks]
- Web Researcher
- Graphic Designers
- Website Designer
- Content Experts
Question 2
a. Define URL                                                                                  [2 marks]
Uniform resource locator is a unique identifier used to locate a resource on the Internet. It
is also referred to as a web address.
b. Registering a domain name can be easy because you can select
whatever name you want, but what you choose is crucial for your
business future or your blogging website. List any five rules that we
must consider before we purchase a domain name.                                    
[10 marks]
Rule 1 – Choose a domain name that can be your brand name, if required.
Rule 2 – If you have the financial possibilities, then you can purchase domains with
various extensions such as .com, .net, .info, .biz, etc.
Rule 3 – You must ensure that this domain name is not a trademark or is copyrighted.
Rule 4 – Find a short domain name. The lesser the characters in a domain name, the
easier it is to type, to say, to share and to get shortlisted on social media platforms and in
search results.
Rule 5 – If your domain name is not going by the brand name, then at least you should
use specific keywords which describes your business, for example, trustacademy.com. It
helps improve your rank on search engines and it also makes more sense to your
customers.
 Question 3
The client-server model applies to a lot of things outside of computers.
Imagine going to a bank to withdraw some money? Who is the client and who
is the server? Clearly, you are the client and the bank is the server. One of the
advantages of the client-server model is that one server can handle many
clients. The teller in the bank (server) handles many customers (clients). Also,
you can use lots of different servers to get the service you need; that is there
are a lot of tellers, and for that matter, bank branches and cash machines.
For any website, say the Trustacademy website;
[https://elearning.trustacademy.co.zw/],
 Consider the following questions and write down your answers:
a) Are there multiple clients?                                                           [2 marks]
Yes
b) Who are these clients?                                                                  [3 marks]
Students, lecturers and parents of high school learners
c) Are there multiple servers?                                                          [2 marks]
Yes
d) Why would there be multiple servers?                                        [3 marks]
It can offer a higher level of reliability and availability than a single-server
environment. If one server in a multi-server environment goes down, the other servers can
continue to provide access to the services and applications that users need 
Question 4
List and explain any five characteristics of the HTTP protocol.             [10
marks]
, HTTP has the following characteristics:
• Connection-less; a connection is established only for the period of transfer, and the
connection need not be maintained after thereafter;
• Stateless; the server has no 'history' of client visits (although the implementation of cookies
overcomes this);
• Comprehensive addressing; diverse files on any HTTP server world-wide can be referenced
via URLs;
• Diverse data; using extensible MIME-types, HTTP servers can supply information of every
possible data types; and
• Rapid; allows request-response

 
Question 5

a. Identify and explain the four challenges that are often encountered
when working with hyperlinks.                                                            [8
marks]
i. Navigation Difficulties

Navigation is the main drawback of hypertext. As the document is interlinked and may
loop, readers can easily lose track of where they have been and where they are. The
freedom to choose to follow any of the links may take the reader away from the item
being sought. There are insufficient clues as to where an anchor links to.
 ii. . No Main Catalogues

A catalogue is readily available in a physical library and the user can easily find out
whether the book he requires is available or not. It is difficult to index a hypertext
document due to multiple links within a document, unless the reader is guided to a certain
sequence of links. Therefore, extraction of required information is tedious, especially in
large hypertext documents.

iii. Link Fossilization

Computer names may change and linked documents can be moved to other
host computers. Hypertext requires explicit pointers to the names of the
computers and the files on these computers, or the fragment of information
that is linked to will no longer be accessible.
iv. . Network Overload
Hypertext content assumes universal coverage and infinite transfer capacity.
The capacity of the telecommunications network may not be sufficient to cope
with the usage without penalizing or compromising other network activities.
This happens when the reader is not warned of the document size, or is not
conscious of the network implications. This results in a technical halt or
slowdown in navigating through the hypertext.

b. Define CSS.                                                                              [2 marks]

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the
layout of multiple web pages all at once. External style sheets are stored in CSS files

Question 6

a. HTTP is a network protocol used to retrieve documents from a variety of

machines in a minimum amount of time. Identify the four characteristics
that HTTP has in order to support browsing.                               [8 marks]
It is the protocol that allows web servers and browsers to exchange data over the web. It
is a request response protocol. It uses the reliable TCP connections by default on TCP
port 80. It is stateless means each request is considered as the new request.

b. Define the DOM.                                                                        [2 marks]

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming API for HTML and XML
documents. It defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is
accessed and manipulated.