LESSON 3

SECURITY SURVEY, SECURITY INSPECTION AND SECURITY INVESTIGATION

Overview
The methods of conducting security survey and security inspection as well as security
investigation will be highlighted in this module. It will also include discussions on survey
and inspection reports preparation.
SECURITY SURVEY
A. RATIONALE- The information pertaining to one of the most important security services
offered to a head of office is the Conduct of security surveys and security inspections.
Security surveys and security inspections are conducted for the establishment of an
effective Security System.
Since there are many security countermeasures to be considered, heads of offices should
utilized specially trained personnel, if the efforts of espionage and sabotage agents and
other criminal elements are to be negated. Security is an extremely complex program and
the objective analysis of an office head's security program by security survey and
inspection personnel can be of great assistance in determining the efficiency of any
established security program.
B. SECURITY SYSTEM -This is the set of policies, procedures and rules and regulations
designed to reduce to an absolute Minimum the possibility of espionage, sabotage and
compromise of classified information of an office or a whole establishment.
C. SECURITY SURVEY – This is also known as security audit which is actually a fact-
finding probe to determine a plant’s Adequacy and deficiency in all aspects of security,
with the Corresponding recommendations.
It is also referring to an estimate of the security standards of a unit, and is conducted to
enable the responsible officer to Recognize and evaluate security hazards and determine
protective Measures necessary to the prevention of sabotage, espionage, Subversive
activities and other criminal acts inimical towards the Interest and/or mission of the unit
and/or command.
In the field of police and military intelligence, Security Survey is defined as a
counterintelligence service to assist heads Of office in determining the security measures
required to protect Key installations from possible sabotage, espionage, subversion, And
unauthorized disclosures of, or access to, classified Information or material contained
therein.
D. RELATED TERMINOLOGIES - For better comprehension, the following terminologies
are hereby defined:
1. Survey- the term applied to the first detailed "look see* conducted by a team.
2. Security Inspections or Follow-up Surveys -This is the term referring to the succeeding
surveys after the initial surveys.
3. Supplements Surveys -It is conducted when there is business reorganization with
corresponding changes in object and physical by-outs of the complex.
4. Special Surveys - This is directed by management, if the initial survey appears to have
left certain portions or aspects involving security due to change in policy or operation that
will greatly affect the total security picture.
5. Entrance Conference- A conference or dialogue between the survey team and
management officials of a plant before security survey is conducted.
6. Exit Conference- A conference similar to entrance conference done after the
completion of the security Survey.
SECURITY SURVEY PROCEDURE- Security surveys are conducted by considering the
following steps:
1. Preliminary Planning - To assure as much as possible the successful completion of
security survey, a chronological plan of action is developed. The first action taken by the
security survey agent is to prepare for and Conduct those preliminary courses of action
that precede the actual conduct of the survey.
A very important consideration during the preliminary Planning stage is the use of a
checklist. This is a list of general considerations or specific points that must be covered
during the survey. Checklists may be either the general type or the specific or detailed
type.
2. Initial Briefing (Entrance Conference) - After completion of the preliminary stage, the
specialist is prepared to visit the office. It is to be recalled as mentioned previously that
contact is made with the security officer of the office for the purpose of establishing a time
and date for the initial briefing of the office head. It would be ideal to have at this
conference not only the office head but his entire staff and other key personnel of the
office.
3. Escort Personnel- It is often desirable for both the specialist and the office that an
escort accompany the specialist during the survey. Preferably, this escort should be the
security office of the office or his representative. In any event he should be a person
conversant with the security practice and procedures employed as the office.
4. Preliminary Exterior and Interior Check - As soon as possible after the initial briefing,
the specialist conducts a tour of the area surrounding the office. The purpose of such an
inspection is to gain a general knowledge of those elements outside the office which do
or could conceivably have either a direct or indirect influence upon the security of the
office.
It is often in the areas adjacent to the office that you find many of the office personnel
congregating for relaxation or entertainment, often under circumstances conductive to
loose talk. The agent also checks geographical features: terrain, road and railroad
networks, bridges and natural or man-made hazards near the office.
History of the unit to be surveyed - When the survey Specialist completes his check of
the surrounding area of the installation end preliminary survey of the interior of the
Installation, he is ready to commence the analysis of the office’s security program.
The specialist first determines the history of the organization to be surveyed and or the
office on which it is located. There may be some information contained in the history of
the organization or office which may directly affect the security situation as it exists during
the current survey.
5. Analyzing Existing Security - Having completed the preliminaries and determined the
level of required security, the specialist must now ascertain the existing level of security
of the installation. This portion of the survey is a minute examination of all factors
regarding the physical security, security of personnel and the security of information. It
includes the collection of all factual data that affects the security of the office. This data
will include all preventive measures as well as hazards and deficiencies any of the
security measures the specialist examine are not based upon existing requirements. The
specialist makes his own conclusions which are reflected in his recommendations.
6. Final briefing (Exit conference) - The final conference is an oral to the chief wherein the
specialist determines whether or not his tentative recommendations can be realistically
implemented. The specialist discusses the recommendations with the command since
information may exist which may negate or change the recommendations. In many
instance the chief may have unsuccessfully attempted to implement Corrective measures
or the recommendations are not feasible for some reason unknown to the agent. If the
chief has unsuccessfully attempted to correct its certain security weakness, a report of
these attempts is included in the specialist's final report.
SECURITY INSPRCTION
A. RATIONALE- Established security measures soon become outdated and ineffective
because of the new demands of the organization or business establishment. Or after
prolonged application of the security measures, the establishment becomes susceptible
to security risks. Therefore, follow-up surveys and inspections are conducted to make the
security system applicable to the present and future
B. SECURITY INSPECTION this is a check of how well existing security measures and
regulations are being carried out within a detachment or establishment. A security
inspection may also include an investigation of alleged or suspected security violations.
Physical security is concerned with forces, entrances and exits, guards, traffic control,
lighting, fire control, and with Such other physical measures, which, if properly established
and maintained, will deny access to unauthorized persons.
In the field of police and military intelligence, security inspection is defined as a
counterintelligence service performed to determine compliance with established security
policies and procedures.
C. CHARACTERISTICS OF SECURITY INSPECTION- The security inspection, although
akin to the security survey, is much more restricted in scope. As observed, the security
survey considers everything pertaining to an office’s security, but the security inspection
is limited to determination of the degree of compliance by unit personnel with established
policies and procedures.
D. SECURNTY INSPECTION PROCEDURES - The preliminary and investigative
procedures involved in the conduct of a security inspection are essentially the same as
those required for a security survey; this is the selection of inspection personnel, the
necessary file checks and other preparation, the duties of the in- charge, the use of
checklists and the coordination with the Security Officer. The actual inspection will closely
parallel the same procedures ‘fallowed during the conduct of a security Survey.
Prior to the actual conduct of the inspection, the agent conducts a preliminary check of
the office or offices to be inspected to determine what security regulations are enforced
at the unit.
E. TYPES OF SECURITY INSPECTIONS – There are three Specific types of security
inspections are:
1. Continuous Inspection

To keep pace with the constant changes in the Organization, changes in our
security terms of Attitudes, life-style and moral values, and the rapid Advancement
of technological modifications are all around us, the inspection must be an on-
going and never ending activity.
2. Formal or Informal

For the company which has just upgraded the Security function, hired a new
security administrator, or initiated a security department and program. The Formal
approach to inspection is most desirable, primary because it tells the company how
senior Management feels about protection, and thus Establishes the desirable
climate.

Formal Inspection is one which some fanfare is attached. It is usually preceded by

an announcement, and the unit under inspection “prepares for events, including
some extra housekeeping activities that would not otherwise happen at that point
in time.

Informal Inspection is usually the result of a long and firmly entrenched inspection
program, understood by all and accepted as part of the organizational life. The
 inspection has been stripped of all external Functional Trappings of importance,
but their Importance has not been lessen in any manner. They are seriously and
quietly executed in a spirit of Understanding and cooperation.
3. Structured or Unstructured Inspection

Structured Inspection is one that moves systematically from one area to the next
and so on there is a format or logical sequence to the process. For instance, the
audit may start with the first line of defense, then the second line, then the third
line, etc.

Unstructured inspection is conducted in a random manner. There is no format or

logical sequencing. For example, the inspection may start with countermeasures
for proprietary information, then emergency plan, followed by investigation and so
forth.
SECURITY NVESTIGATION
A. RATIONALE - The functions of Investigation are many and multifaceted. From its latin
derivative, vestigare, investigation implies a tracking, a search, an assimilation, or
collection of information and facts, Today, many business firms and other organizations
employ investigators directly as part of their in- house security programs.
B.SECURITY INVESTIGATION this is a planned and organized determination of facts
concerning specific loss or damage of assets due to threats, hazards or unsecured
conditions.
E.TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION- There are four specific types of investigation which may
be applicable to security, these are:
1. Information- knowledge which the investigator gathers From other persons.
a. Acquired from regular sources- conscientious and Public-spirited citizens,
company files, school files or Records file of other agencies.
b. Acquired from cultivated sources-paid informants, Bartenders, cab drivers,
acquaintances, etc.
2. Interrogation- the skillful questioning of a person who is Reluctant to divulge
information concerning the offense under investigation.
3. Interview- the simple questioning of a witness who has no Personal reason to
withhold information.
4. Instrumentation- the application of instruments and Methods of physical sciences
to the detection of crimes. In As Other words, the sum total of the application of all
Otherwise known Sciences in crime detection Criminalistics