M.

Hemanth Kumar

2100080119

AI&DS-02

 DSV CASE STUDY(ALM)

 HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

 Hypothesis testing can be used in data visualization to determine the effectiveness of

different design choices by comparing different visualization designs and
determining whether there is a significant difference in the ability of viewers to
interpret the data.

 Hypothesis testing can also be used in data visualization to determine whether there
is a significant difference in the effectiveness of different visualization designs.

 For example, a company might want to test whether a bar chart or a line chart is
more effective for displaying a particular dataset. They could use hypothesis testing
to determine whether there is a significant difference in the ability of viewers to
correctly interpret the data when presented with the two different chart types.

 A null hypothesis might be that there is no difference in the effectiveness of the two
chart types, and an alternative hypothesis would be that one chart type is more
effective. The company would then collect data on how well viewers are able to
interpret the data when presented with the two different chart types and use
statistical tests to compare the results.

 If the results show a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two chart types,
the company will reject the null hypothesis and conclude that one chart type is more
effective than the other. This evidence could then be used to guide the design of
future visualizations.

 Steps of Hypothesis testing:

For a given business problem,
Start with specifying Null and Alternative Hypotheses about a population parameter.
Set the level of significance (α)

Collect Sample data and calculate the Test Statistic and P-value by running a
Hypothesis test that well suits our data
Make Conclusion: Reject or Fail to Reject Null Hypothesis
P-TEST:
P-testing is a method of statistical hypothesis testing that uses the p-value to
determine the probability that the results of a study occurred by chance. P-value is a
measure of the strength of the evidence against a null hypothesis. A low p-value
(typically less than 0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, and
therefore supports the alternative hypothesis.

 p-value: It is the proportion of samples (assuming the Null Hypothesis

is true) that would be as extreme as the test statistic. It is denoted by
the letter p.
T-TEST:
T-testing, on the other hand, is a type of statistical hypothesis test that is used to
determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two
groups. It is also known as Student's t-test, and it is commonly used to compare
means of two groups. The test statistic is the t-value, and it is used to compute the
probability of getting the observed difference in means if the null hypothesis is true.

CONCLUSION:
Both p-testing and t-testing are widely used in hypothesis testing and they are used to
compare the results of a study with a null hypothesis. The main difference is that p-testing is
used to test for the probability of observing a certain result under the assumption that the
null hypothesis is true, while t-testing is used to compare the means of two groups.