Table 37 Common laboratory tests for soils (2 of 10)

Category of test Name of test or Where details Remarks

parameter can be found
measured
Classification Particle size Coarse grained - BS 1377-2 Sieving methods give the grading of soil
tests analysis sieving (BS EN ISO particles coarser than silt (<0.063 mm).
(continued) 17892-4) When the sample contains silt or clay the
test is done by wet sieving. The relative
proportions of silt and clay are
determined by means of sedimentation
tests.
Fine-grained - BS 1377-2 Hydrometer or pipette analysis.
sedimentation (BS EN ISO
17892-4)
Automated Equipment Automated methods including x-ray
methods primarily manufacturer sedigraph, laser or granulometer
for fine grade methods methods are only to be used after they
have been shown to give equivalent
results as the standard methods. It is
important to ensure that the sample
sizes used are relevant for the particle
sizes tested.
Chemical tests Chemical tests for civil engineering purposes might be carried out in geotechnical
laboratories. Most of the methods are described in BS 1377-3. These methods do
not generally include modern analytical techniques. Analytical methods may be
used if they are shown to give equivalent results to standard methods. The
sample preparation should follow the methods in BS 1377-3 and the results
reported as specified in this British Standard.
pH value BS 1377-3 Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the
soil or water. Needs to be performed as
soon as possible after sampling. Values
of pH might change during storage
when pyrite oxidizes as the disturbed
materials are exposed to the air. These
materials are generally grey and dark
grey clays and mudstones.
It is often carried out in conjunction
with sulfate tests.
Excessive acidity or alkalinity of the
groundwater in soils can have
detrimental effects on buried concrete,
cause corrosion of metals and use of
resinous materials is unsuitable in
alkaline soils.