T1 16-17 [71 marks]

1. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

2. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

3. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

4. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

5. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

6. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C
7. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

8. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

9. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

10. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

11. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

12. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

13. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B
14. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

15a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
smooth curve passing through all error bars

15b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
x=2.5 cm±0.2cm AND Δ0x=0.5cm±0.1cm
« 0.5
2.5
=»20%

Accept correctly calculated value from interval 15% to 25%.

15c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i) plotted point (0.07, 9.0) as shown

Allow any point within the grey square. The error bar is not required.
(ii) ALTERNATIVE 1
t–1 from 0.025 s –1 to 0.04 s –1
giving t from 25 to 40
ALTERNATIVE 2
the data do not support the hypothesis
any relevant support for the suggestion, eg straight line cannot be fitted through the error
bars and the origin
Do not allow ECF from MP1 to MP2.

16a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(i) refractive index = 1.5
Both correct value and 2SF required for [1].
0.04 0.04
(ii) fractional uncertainty x3 − x1 = 1.15
= 0.035 AND x3 − x2 = 0.76
= 0.053
sum of fractional uncertainty = 0.088
«uncertainty = their RI × 0.088» = 0.1
Accept correct calculation using maximum and minimum values giving the same answer.
16b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i) systematic error
Accept “zero error/offset”.
(ii) calculated refractive index is unchanged
because both numerator and denominator are unchanged
Accept calculation of refractive index with 0.05 subtracted to each x value.

16c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
numerator and denominator will be 10 times larger so refractive index is unchanged
relative/absolute uncertainty will be smaller
“Constant material” is not enough for MP1.

17a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
i
OY always smaller than OX AND uncertainties are the same/0.1
0.1 0.1
« so fraction OY > OX »

ii
0.1
1.3
AND 0.1
1.8
= 0.13 OR 13%
Watch for correct answer even if calculation continues to the absolute uncertainty.
17b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
i
total length of bar = 0.2 cm
Accept correct error bar in one of the points: OX= 1.8 cm OR OY= 5.8 cm (which is not a
measured point but is a point on the interpolated line) OR OX= 5.8 cm.
Ignore error bar of OX.
Allow range from 0.2 to 0.3 cm, by eye.

ii
suitable line drawn extending at least up to 6 cm
OR
gradient calculated using two out of the first three data points
inverse of slope used

value between 1.30 and 1.60

If using one value of OX and OY from the graph for any of the first three data points award
[2 max].
Award [3] for correct value for each of the three data points and average.
If gradient used, award [1 max].

iii
«the equation n= OX
OY
» involves a tan approximation/is true only for small θ «when sinθ =
tanθ»
OR
OX
«the equation n= OY » uses OI instead of the hypotenuse of the ΔIOX or IOY

OWTTE

18a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
kg m –1 s–2 K–1
18b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
i
any straight line that either goes or would go, if extended, through the origin

ii
for ideal gas p is proportional to T / P= nRT/V
gradient is constant /graph is a straight line
line passes through origin / 0,0

19a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
in order to keep the temperature constant
in order to allow the system to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings/OWTTE

Accept answers in terms of pressure or volume changes only if clearly related to reaching
thermal equilibrium with the surroundings.
[1 mark]

19b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
recognizes b as gradient
calculates b in range 4.7 × 10 4 to 5.3 × 10 4
Pa m

Award [2 max] if POT error in b.

Allow any correct SI unit, eg kg
s–2.
[3 marks]

19c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1
V ∝ H thus ideal gas law gives p ∝ H

so graph should be «a straight line through origin,» as observed

[2 marks]
19d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
bA
n= RT
OR correct substitution of one point from the graph
5×104×1.3×10−3
n= 8.31×300
= 0.026 ≈ 0.03

Answer must be to 1 or 2 SF.

Allow ECF from (b).
[2 marks]

19e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1
very large H
means very small volumes / very high pressures

at very small volumes the ideal gas does not apply

OR
at very small volumes some of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases do not hold
[2 marks]

20a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
4π2×1.60
g= = 9.7907
2.5402

Δg = g ( ΔL
L
+2× ΔT
T
) = «9.7907 ( 0.01
1.60
+2× 0.005
2.540
) =» 0.0997

OR
1.0%
hence g = (9.8 ± 0.1) «m s−2» OR Δg = 0.1 «m s−2»

For the first marking point answer must be given to at least 2 dp.
Accept calculations based on
gmax = 9.8908
gmin = 9.6913
gmax−gmin
2
= 0.099 ≈ 0.1
[3 marks]
20b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
T
T0
= 1.01
θmax = 22 «º»

Accept answer from interval 20 to 24.

[2 marks]

21a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
it is not possible to draw a straight line through all the error bars
OR
the line of best-fit is curved/not a straight line

Treat as neutral any reference to the origin.

Allow “linear” for “straight line”.
[1 mark]

21b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
d = 0.35 ± 0.01 AND Δd = 0.05 ± 0.01 «cm»
« Δd
d
= 0.5
0.35
» = 0.14

OR
1
7
or 14% or 0.1

Allow final answers in the range of 0.11 to 0.18.

Allow [1 max] for 0.03 to 0.04 if
λ = 5 × 10 6 m is used.
[2 marks]
21c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
28 to 30%

Allow ECF from (b)(i), but only accept answer as a %

[1 mark]

21d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
a: m 2
b: m

Allow answers in words

[2 marks]

21e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1 – if graph on page 4 is used
d 2 = 0.040 x 10 –4 «m 2»
d = 0.20 x 10 –2 «m»
ALTERNATIVE 2 – if graph on page 2 is used
any evidence that d intercept has been determined
d = 0.20 ± 0.05 «cm»

For MP1 accept answers in range of 0.020 to 0.060 «cm 2» if they fail to use given value of
“a”.
For MP2 accept answers in range 0.14 to 0.25 «cm» .
[2 marks]
22a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
correct labelling of both instruments

[1 mark]

22b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
V = E – Ir
large triangle to find gradient and correct read-offs from the line
OR
use of intercept E = 1.5 V and another correct data point
internal resistance = 0.60 Ω
For MP1 – do not award if only
R = VI is used.
For MP2 points at least 1A apart must be used.
For MP3 accept final answers in the range of 0.55 Ω to 0.65 Ω.
[3 marks]

22c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
a non-zero reading when a zero reading is expected/no current is flowing
OR
a calibration error

OWTTE
Do not accept just “systematic error”.
[1 mark]
 22d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
the error causes «all» measurements to be high/different/incorrect
effect on calculations/gradient will cancel out
OR
effect is that value for r is unchanged
Award [1 max] for statement of “no effect” without valid argument.
OWTTE
[2 marks]

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2019

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

Printed for International School of Zug and Luzern