Create a graphic organizer out of the

theories discussed.

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Development

Instruction

Level 1: Pre-Conventional
Zone of Proximal Development
Morality
Stage 1: Obedience and
Punishment Orientation Scaffolding
Stage 2: Individualism and
Collaborative Learning
Exchange

Level 2: Conventional Morality More Knowledgeable Other

Stage 3: Interpersonal
Cultural Tools
Relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order Social Interaction
Level 3: Post-Conventional
Guided Participation
Morality
Stage 5: Social Contract and
Apprenticeship
Individual Rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles Community of Practice

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development:

Proposes that individuals progress through six different stages of moral reasoning, divided
into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality.
Pre-conventional morality (stages 1 and 2) is focused on personal gain and avoiding
punishment, while conventional morality (stages 3 and 4) is focused on maintaining social
order and interpersonal relationships. Post-conventional morality (stages 5 and 6) involves an
understanding of universal principles and individual rights.

Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory of Development Instruction:

Suggests that learning and development occur through social interaction and the use of
cultural tools, such as language and technology.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to the gap between what a learner can do
independently and what they can do with guidance and support.
Scaffolding is a teaching method where the teacher provides support to help the student
bridge the gap between their current level of understanding and the desired level.
Collaborative learning involves working with others to achieve a common goal, which can
enhance learning through social interaction and the exchange of ideas.
The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) is someone who has a higher level of knowledge or
expertise than the learner and can provide guidance and support.
Cultural tools are the shared resources and symbols that allow individuals to communicate
and learn from each other, such as language, writing, and technology.
Social interaction is an essential component of learning, as individuals can learn from each
other through collaboration and dialogue.
Guided participation involves working with an expert or mentor to learn new skills or
knowledge.
Apprenticeship involves working closely with a skilled practitioner to learn through
observation, imitation, and practice.
Community of Practice refers to a group of individuals who share a common interest or goal
and collaborate to learn and develop their skills.

Connections between Kohlberg's and Vygotsky's theories:

Both theories emphasize the importance of social interaction and collaboration in learning
and development.
The ZPD and scaffolding can be used to support students' moral development by providing
guidance and support to help them progress through the stages of moral reasoning.
Collaborative learning can help students develop interpersonal relationships and social skills,
which are important components of moral development.
The MKO can provide guidance and support to help students understand different
perspectives and develop a sense of social responsibility.
Cultural tools, such as language and technology, can be used to facilitate learning and
promote understanding of different cultures and perspectives.
Guided participation, apprenticeship, and community of practice can all be used to provide
students with opportunities to learn from experts and develop their skills in a specific area,
which can contribute to their overall moral development