Project Report

on

IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM USING AI

Submitted as partial fulfillment for the award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

DEGREE
Session 2022-23

in

Computers and Science Engineering

By
NEHA KUMARI , RADHIKA JHA
1902160100076,1902160100088
Under the guidance of

MIS. NANDINI TOMAR

IIMT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, GREATER NOIDA

AFFILIATED TO
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

i
IIMT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GREATER NOIDA

COMPUTERS & SCIENCE ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
USING AI” is a Bonafide work carried out by Neha Kumari, Radhika Jha the students of
B-Tech (E) of IIMT College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP (India)
during the academic year 2019-23, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Computers & Science Engineering ) and that
the project has not formed the basis for the award previously of any other degree,
diploma, fellowship or any other similar title.

Mis.Nandini Tomar Mr. Prabhat sir

(Assoc. Professor) (Asst. Professor) (Professor)

Project Guide Project Coordinator H.O.D (CSE)

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 Student’s Declaration

We hereby declare that the work being presented in this report entitled
“IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM USING AI” is an
authentic record of our own work carried out under the supervision of
“Mis. Nandini Tomar”.

The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by us for the
award of any other degree.

Dated: ………… Signature of students

Neha Kumari (1902160100076)

Radhika Jha (1902160100088)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the

candidates is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Signature of HOD Signature of Supervisor

(Dr. Prabhat sir) (Mis. Nandini Tomar)

(HOD of CSE Department) (Associate Professor of CSE

Department)

Date............................

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project
undertaken during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special Debt of Mis. Nandini Tomar
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, IIMT College of Engineering,
Greater Noida for their constant support and guidance throughout the course of our
work. We also like to present our sincere gratitude to Mis. Nandini Tomar, Department
of Computers & Science Engineering, IIMT College of Engineering, and Greater Noida
for his constant support and supervision. The sincerity, thoroughness, and
perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only through their
cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen the light of day and were able to turn
into a valuable live project. We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the
contribution of Dr. Prabhat sir, Head, Department of Computers &Science Engineering,
IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida for her full support and assistance during
the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the
development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.

Signature of student
Neha Kumari (1902160100076)
Radhika Jha (1902160100088)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUTION… .......................................................................... 1-6

1.1 Introduction .............................................................................. 1
1.2 Motivation ................................................................................. 2
1.3 Literature Survey… ..................................................................2
1.4 Health Monitoring System Function ......................................... 5

2. PROJECT STAGE 1 ......................................................................... 7

2.1 Interfacing Hardware… ............................................................ 7

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE ............. 8-28

3.1 ESP-32 ...................................................................................... 8
3.2 GY-MAX30102 .......................................................................... 13
3.3 MLX90614… ............................................................................. 18
3.4 OLED Display............................................................................ 24
3.5 Connecting Wires… ...................................................................26
3.6 LED… ........................................................................................27
3.7 Resistors…................................................................................. 27

4. SOFTEWARES AND LIBRARIES .................................................. 29-37

4.1 Arduino IDE ................................................................................ 29
4.2 Arduino Libraries ........................................................................ 35

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 38-41

5.1 Result… ..................................................................................... 38
5.2 Conclusion .................................................................................. 40
5.3 Future Scope............................................................................... 41
5.4 Advantages….............................................................................. 41

6. REFRENCES .................................................................................... 42

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. FIGURE NAME PAGE No.

Fig1.1 - Component of Device.................................................................. 1

Fig2.1 - Block Diagram of Device ............................................................. 7

Fig3.1 - ESP-32........................................................................................ 8

Fig3.2 - ESP-32 Layout ........................................................................... 11

Fig3.3 - ESP-32 Pinout ............................................................................ 12

Fig3.4 - GY-MAX30102 ............................................................................ 13

Fig3.5 - Photo plethysmogram .................................................................. 16

Fig3.6 - Heart Rate Measurement ............................................................. 17

Fig3.7 - Pulse Oximetry ............................................................................. 18

Fig3.8 - MLX90614.................................................................................... 18

Fig3.9 - MLX90614 Pinout ........................................................................ 19

Fig3.10 - MLX90614 Block Diagram ........................................................... 21

Fig3.11 - OLED Display .............................................................................. 24

Fig3.12 - OLED Layer ................................................................................. 25

Fig3.13 - Connecting Wires ......................................................................... 26

Fig3.14 - LED .............................................................................................. 27

Fig3.15 - Resistors ...................................................................................... 28

Fig3.14 - Arduino IDE Interface ................................................................... 30

Fig4.2 - Arduino IDE File Explaination ...................................................... 31

Fig4.3 - Arduino IDE Preference Section Explaination .............................. 31

Fig4.4 - Arduino Hex File Generated......................................................... 32

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Fig4.5 - Arduino IDE Menu tab Explaination ............................................. 32

Fig4.6 - Arduino IDE Serial Monitor Output ............................................... 33

Fig4.7 - Arduino IDE Text Editor Explaination ........................................... 34

Fig4.8 - Arduino IDE Output Window ........................................................ 34

Fig4.9 - Arduino Libraries .......................................................................... 35

Fig4.10 - Arduino IDE Selection Port .......................................................... 36

Fig4.11 - Arduino IDE Bootloader ............................................................... 37

Fig5.1- Showcase and out casing of Project ............................................ 38

Fig5.2 - Charging & Switch On & Off function ........................................... 38

Fig5.3- Top View Of Project ..................................................................... 39

Fig5.4 - Waveform..................................................................................... 39

Fig5.5- Sensor Working Stop After 5 Sec ............................................... 40

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 List of Abbreviations

➢ IVAs Intelligent voice assistants

➢ USB Universal serial bus
➢ OS Operating system
➢ GPS Global positioning system
➢ GIF Graphics Interchange Format
➢ CCD Charge couple device
➢ THD Total harmonic distortion
➢ LED Light emitting diode
➢ CNC Computer numerical control
➢ HCI Human computer interaction
➢ SFM Structure from motion
➢ SVM Support vector machine
➢ ASR Automatic speech recognition
➢ GPIO General purpose input/output

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 Abstract

Wireless smart sensing device is an advanced technology that can provide smart
solutions in various sectors like networking, industries and private or government
organizations etc in the world. Internet of Things (IOT) technology helps to make these
wireless smart sensing devices more powerful.
The main objective of this project is to
reduce the cost of health care by reducing physician Office visits, regular hospital visits
for routine check-ups and diagnostic test procedures. These smart devices can be used
to measure temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, social distance and lung respiratory
information etc. to monitor the patient's health status. This smart device has internet
connection so that we can communicate easily with each other. Artificial Intelligence is
used for analysis of previous data and predict patient health condition in Emergency
case also.

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 CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

Fig1.1 Block Diagram

Health is one of the global challenges for all human being. Healthcare has
gained a lot of attention in the last decade. The main goal is developed a reliable
patient monitoring system so that healthcare professional can monitor patients who
are hospitalized. Recently, patient monitoring system is one of the major
advancement due to its advanced technology. Today Era we have need Modern.
Healthcare professionals play a major role in the traditional approach. They need to
visit the patient's ward for necessary diagnosis and advice.
There are two basic problems Firstly, Healthcare professionals must be
present at the patient's site at all time and secondly, if patients admit to the hospital,
then biomedical equipment must be present every near the patient bedside. To
address these two problems, patients are given knowledge and information about
disease diagnosis and prevention. Secondly, there is need for a reliable and readily
available patient monitoring system (PMS). To improve the above situation, we can
use technology in a better way.

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 Now a days, health care sensors along with ESP-32 play a vital role.
Wearable sensors are exposed to the human body and monitor it is physiological
parameter. We can use different types of sensors such as ECG sensor, Temperature
sensor, Pulse monitor etc. The cost of sensors varies according to their size, flexibility
and accuracy. ESP-32 which is an inexpensive, flexible, fully customizable, and
programmable small computer board, brings the advantages of PC in the domain of
sensor networks. In our system we are measuring the patient's parameters (ECG,
temperature, heart rate, pulse, etc.) with various available sensors. These sensors can
collect data by ESP-32 and transfer to the server.

1.2 MOTIVATION

Internet of Things-(IOT) based health monitoring systems are potentially

immensely beneficial for COVID-19 patients. This study presents an IoT-based system
that is a real-time health monitoring system utilizing the measured values of body
temperature, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation of the patients, which are the most
important measurements required for critical care. This system has a liquid crystal
display (LCD) that shows the measured temperature, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation
level and can be easily synchronized with a mobile application for instant access. The
proposed IoT-based method uses an Arduino Uno-based system, and it was tested and
verified for five human test subjects. The results obtained from the system were
promising: the data acquired from the system are stored very quickly. The results
obtained from the system were found to be accurate when compared to other
commercially available devices. IoT-based tools may potentially be valuable during the
COVID-19 pandemic for saving people’s lives.

1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY

Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the major global issues faced by
health organizations. As of November 19, 2020, the total number of people worldwide
confirmed to have been infected with SARS-COV-2 is more than 56.4 million, while the
total number of fatalities from the coronavirus is more than 1.35 million, thereby proving
that COVID-19 cases are surging worldwide [1].

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 In Bangladesh, presently, there are a total of 445,281 positive COVID-19
cases, while the coronavirus fatality toll is 6350 as of November 21, 2020 [2]. COVID-19
patients have several symptoms, such as fever, shortness of breath, decrease in oxygen
saturation level, dry cough, diarrhea, vomiting, sore throat, headache, loss of taste and
smell, body pain, and abnormal pulse rate [3]. Among these symptoms, high fever, low
oxygen saturation level, and abnormal pulse rate are considered serious. Low oxygen
saturation level and shortness of breath cause hypoxemia and hypoxia, respectively.
Patients who suffer from hypoxemia and problems with pulse rate have a less chance of
survival. Sometimes, patients do not recognize hypoxemia and an increasing rate of
pulse, and they subsequently die without receiving proper treatment. Therefore, it is
important for COVID-19 patients to be regularly informed about their health conditions,
especially body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) [4, 5].

As a person enters old age, it becomes increasingly vital for them to undergo
standard medical health checkups. Since it may be time-consuming and difficult for most
people to get regular health checkup appointments, IoT-based arrangements can be
beneficial to individuals for routine health checkups [4, 5]. IoT technology has developed
into an imperative innovation with applications in numerous areas. Specifically, it refers
to any system of physical devices that obtain and exchange information over wireless
systems without human mediation [6, 7]. With a significantly large increase in active
COVID-19cases during the second wave, every country (including Bangladesh) faces
issues in providing proper treatment to their patients. Pulse rate and body temperature
are the most basic markers of human health. The pulse rate, also known as the beat
rate, is the number of pulses per minute. The normal pulse rate ranges between 60 and
100 beats per minute for typical individuals. The average resting pulse rate for adult
males and females is approximately 70 and 75 bpm, respectively [8, 9]. Females over the
age of 12 typically have higher pulse rates than men. However, the pulse rate for
COVID-19 patients is abnormal and requires aid from an emergency medical assistant.
The internal heat level of an individual depends on various factors, such as surrounding
temperature, gender, and dietary pattern, and the temperature ranges between 97.8°F
(36.5°C) and 99°F (37.2°C) in healthy adults [9–11]. Various factors, such as influenza,
low-temperature hypothermia, and other diseases, may prompt a fluctuation in body
temperature. In most diseases, including COVID-19, fever is a common symptom;
therefore, it is essential to regularly measure the body temperature. Oxygen saturation is
also an important factor inCOVID-19patients. The normal oxygen saturation (SpO2) of
the human body ranges from 95 to 100%. If the SpO2 (oxygen saturation) level of a

3
COVID-19 patient is below 95%, they require emergency medical care. SARS-COV-2
coronavirus produces silent hypoxia, that is, without shortness of breath. Silent hypoxia
can be diagnosed by monitoring SpO2 using a pulse oximeter [10, 11]. If the oxygen
saturation level of a COVID-19 patient is significantly low, the patient may die. To
manage COVID-19, it is crucial to monitor early symptoms such as fever, cough, heart
rate, and SpO2.

Recently, different types of devices have been used to measure these values.
For example, a fingertip pulse oximeter, which is used to measure SpO2 and pulse rate,
is commercially available in most countries [12]. The deluxe handheld pulse oximeter is
also commercially available, which can measure SpO2 and heart rate; although, it is
priced at approximately 299 USD [13]. A wrist-worn pulse oximeter is available across
the counter and can be used to measure SpO2 and heart rate. This device, like the
abovementioned devices, does not include body temperature measurement features.
The wrist-worn pulse oximeter costs 179 USD, rendering it expensive. Analog and digital
thermometers are currently available in the market [14], but most of them are expensive
[12]. The devices mentioned earlier are not based on IoT. Some of them show values,
but it is cumbersome to obtain measurements from different devices. Therefore, in
Bangladesh, it is difficult for a doctor to obtain updates from all patients at once. There is
a demand for rapid monitoring of COVID-19 patients with serious symptoms. With the
help of technology, it is possible for patients to receive COVID-19 treatment from home
using their mobile phones [15]. This system helps patients with fever, low oxygen
saturation, and an increasing or decreasing pulse rate. A person’s pulse rate depends on
their age, body size, heart health, and emotional stability [16]. The oxygen saturation and
pulse rate are related because when a patient’s oxygen level falls, their pulse rate
increases. The IoT-based smart healthcare system is a real-time patient monitoring
system, which has significantly aided the healthcare industry [17]. Recently, IoT-based
smart healthcare devices have gained increased attention from a research perspective.
The development of smart healthcare monitoring systems in an IoT environment is
provided in the reviewed literature [18]. In this study, we used an Android-based pulse-
monitoring system with a temperature sensor, a SpO2 sensor, and a heart rate sensor.
In [19], the SpO2 measurement sensor was not used, and they shared the measured
data on the internet. An IoT-based lung function monitoring system for asthma patients
was proposed in [20], in which the temperature, SpO2, and pulse rate were not involved.
Arduino, Android, and microcontroller-based heart rate monitoring systems have been
proposed in [21, 22]. The system in [23] is based on the Arduino Uno and cloud

4
computing, in which only a hardware prototype was produced. However, there are no
real-world testing data available. In [24], a mobile application-based heart rate monitoring
device was demonstrated. The patient’s pulse rate was measured using a pulse rate
sensor in this system, and the data were analyzed using Arduino. The measured
information was delivered to the Android application. In the investigation, the number of
sensors used was limited [24]. Different authors have presented different IoT-based
wireless health-monitoring systems. However, presumably, IoT-based smart systems for
measuring temperature, heart rate, and SpO2 for COVID-19 patients in one device have
not been presented so far.

The main objective of this research is to develop and implement a novel IoT-
based smart health monitoring system for COVID-19 patients based on human body
temperature, pulse, and SpO2.The system can display measured human body
temperature, oxygen saturation level, and pulse rate through a mobile application, which
has been developed so that the patient can seek medical attention even if the specialist
is physically unavailable. To treat a COVID-19 patient, a doctor requires the patient’s
oxygen saturation level and pulse rate. By using our proposed system, patients can
inform doctors about their health conditions. This device can benefit COVID-19 patients
as well as those suffering from other diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) and asthma. In 2005, COPD caused 5% of total deaths worldwide and
could be a worldwide open health concern in the future [25]. Therefore, this system could
be beneficial for such patients. If a patient’s oxygen saturation and pulse rate is
abnormal, the system immediately produces a buzz to alert the patient. Therefore,
through a mobile application, patients can analyze the measured oxygen saturation level,
pulse rate, and body temperature to avoid critical health conditions. This system was
tested on five human test subjects. The patient and doctor can read the data throughout
the day by using the mobile application. This system also has the ability to measure body
temperature, which has not been included in any other research.

1.4 HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FUNCTION

User Interface: User interface allow the user to inter act with the system by
sensing information to the Sensor by presenting information on OLED & app.
Controlled Devices: Controlled devices include a wide range of
equipment that RaspberryPi and sensor is capable of. List of Material:
i. GY-Max30102

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 ii. MLX30165

iii. Li Po Battery

iv. Micro Controller

v. TP4056

vi. OLED

Programming Computer: ESP32 can perform as a complete

standalone system or as a slave device to a host MCU, reducing communication
stack overhead on the main application processor. ESP32 can interface with other
systems to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality through its SPI / SDIO or I2C /
UART interfaces.

Controllers: General purpose input output pins server as the medium to

establish the controlling function between the microcontroller and the various
sensors.

Sensing Devices: Sensing devices can report values and parameter

that helps the device to understand its surroundings and act according to the user
request.
I/O Interface Devices: These devices provide the logical communication
link between the controllers and the controlled device systems.

6
 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT STAGE1

The desired task is achieved by systematic placing and interfacing of these

various peripherals with our microcontroller (ESP-32). By the means of programming.
The various individual blocks are explained below:

2.1 INTERFACING HARDWARE

These smart devices can be used to measure temperature, blood pressure,

heart rate, social distance and lung respiratory information etc. to monitor the patient's
health status. This smart device has internet connection so that we can communicate
easily with each other. Artificial Intelligence is used for analysis of previous data and
predict patient health condition in Emergency case also.

Body Temperature
Blood Oxygen Level
&
Blood Pressure

ESP-32
Pulse Oximeter
&
Heart Rate Sensor Accelerometer

GSM Module

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 Fig2.1 Block Diagram Of Device

CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED SYSTEM HARDWARE

AND ARCHITECTURE

3.1 ESP32

Fig3.1 ESP32

ESP32 is the SoC (System on Chip) microcontroller which has gained

massive popularity recently. Whether the popularity of ESP32 grew because of the
growth of IoT or whether IoT grew because of the introduction of ESP32 is debatable. If
you know 10 people who have been part of the firmware development for any IoT device,
chances are that 7−8 of them would have worked on ESP32 at some point. So what is
the hype all about? Why has ESP32 become so popular so quickly?

Before we delve into the actual reasons for the popularity of ESP32, let's take a look at
some of its important specifications. The specs listed below belong to the ESP32
WROOM 32 variant.−

• Integrated Crystal− 40 MHz

• Module Interfaces− UART, SPI, I2C, PWM, ADC, DAC, GPIO, pulse counter,
capacitive touch sensor

• Integrated SPI flash− 4 MB

• ROM− 448 KB (for booting and core functions)

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 • SRAM− 520 KB

• Integrated Connectivity Protocols− WiFi, Bluetooth, BLE

• On−chip sensor− Hall sensor

• Operating temperature range− −40 − 85 degrees Celsius

• Operating Voltage− 3.3V

• Operating Current− 80 mA (average)

With the above specifications in front of you, it is very easy to decipher the
reasons for ESP32's popularity. Consider the requirements an IoT device would have
from its microcontroller (μC). If you've gone through the previous chapter, you'd have
realized that the major operational blocks of any IoT device are sensing, processing,
storage, and transmitting. Therefore, to begin with, the μC should be able to interface
with a variety of sensors. It should support all the common communication protocols
required for sensor interface: UART, I2C, SPI. It should have ADC and pulse counting
capabilities. ESP32 fulfills all of these requirements. On top of that, it also can interface
with capacitive touch sensors. Therefore, most common sensors can interface
seamlessly with ESP32.

Secondly, the μC should be able to perform basic processing of the incoming

sensor data, sometimes at high speeds, and have sufficient memory to store the data.
ESP32 has a max operating frequency of 40 MHz, which is sufficiently high. It has two
cores, allowing parallel processing, which is a further add-on. Finally, its 520 KB SRAM
is sufficiently large for processing a large array of data onboard. Many popular
processes and transforms, like FFT, peak detection, RMS calculation, etc. can be
performed onboard ESP32. On the storage front, ESP32 goes a step ahead of the
conventional microcontrollers and provides a file system within the flash. Out of the 4
MB of onboard flash, by default, 1.5 MB is reserved as SPIFFS (SPI Flash File System).
Think of it as a mini−SD Card that lies within the chip itself. You can not only store data,
but also text files, images, HTML and CSS files, and a lot more within SPIFFS. People
have displayed beautiful Webpages on WiFi servers created using ESP32, by storing
HTML files within SPIFFS.

Finally, for transmitting data, ESP32 has integrated WiFi and Bluetooth
stacks, which have proven to be a game-changer. No need to connect a separate
module (like a GSM module or an LTE module) for testing cloud communication. Just

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have the ESP32 board and a running WiFi, and you can get started. ESP32 allows you
to use WiFi in Access Point as well as Station Mode. While it supports TCP/IP, HTTP,
MQTT, and other traditional communication protocols, it also supports HTTPS. Yep, you
heard that right. It has a crypto−core or a crypto-accelerator, a dedicated piece of
hardware whose job is to accelerate the encryption process. So you cannot only
communicate with your web server, you can do so securely. BLE support is also critical
for several applications. Of course, you can interface LTE or GSM or LoRa modules
with ESP32. Therefore, on the 'transmitting data' front as well, ESP32 exceeds
expectations.

With so many features, ESP32 would be costing a fortune, right? That's the
best part. ESP32 dev modules cost in the ballpark of ₹ 500. Not only that, the chip
dimensions are quite small (25 mm x 18 mm, including the antenna area), allowing its
use in devices requiring a very small form factor.

3.1.1. ESP32 Dev Kit – The ESP32 Development Board

Espressif Systems released several modules based on ESP32 and one of the popular
options is the ESP-WROOM-32 Module. It consists of ESP32 SoC, a 40 MHz crystal
oscillator, 4 MB Flash IC and some passive components.

3.1.2. Layout

We will see what a typical ESP32 Development Board consists of by taking a look at the
layout of one of the popular low-cost ESP Boards available in the market called the
ESP32 DevKit Board.

The following image shows the layout of an ESP32 Development Board which I have.

IMPORTANT NOTE: There are many ESP32 Boards based on ESP-WROOM-32

Module available in the market. The layout, pinout and features vary from board to board.

The board which I have has 30 Pins (15 pins on each side). There are some board with
36 Pins and some with slightly less Pins. So, double check the pins before making
connections or even powering up the board

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 Fig3.2 ESP32 Layout

As you can see from the image, the ESP32 Board consists of the following:

• ESP-WROOM-32 Module
• Two rows of IO Pins (with 15 pins on each side)
• CP2012 USB – UART Bridge IC
• micro–USB Connector (for power and programming)
• AMS1117 3.3V Regulator IC
• Enable Button (for Reset)
• Boot Button (for flashing)
• Power LED (Red)
• User LED (Blue – connected to GPIO2)
• Some passive components
An interesting point about the USB-to-UART IC is that its DTR and RTS pins are used to
automatically set the ESP32 in to programming mode (whenever required) and also rest
the board after programming.

3.1.3. Pin out of ESP32 Board

I will make a separate dedicated tutorial on ESP32 Pin out. But for the time being, take a
look the pin out diagram of the ESP32 Development Board.

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 Fig3.3 ESP32 Pinout

This pin out is for the 30 – pin version of the ESP Board. In the pin out tutorial, I will
explain the pin out of both the 30 – pin as well as the 36 – pin version of the ESP Boards.

12
 3.2. GY-MAX30102
MAX30102 is a non invasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen
saturation. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings are typically within 2%
accuracy (within 4% accuracy in 95% of cases) of the more accurate (and invasive)
reading of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) from arterial blood gas analysis.[1] But the
two are correlated well enough that the safe, convenient, non-invasive, inexpensive
MAX30102method is valuable for measuring oxygen saturation in clinical use.

Fig3.4 GY-MAX30102

The most common approach is transmissive pulse oximetry. In this approach,

a sensor device is placed on a thin part of the patient's body, usually
a fingertip or earlobe, or an infant's foot. Fingertips and earlobes have higher blood flow
rates than other tissues, which facilitates heat transfer.[1] The device passes two
wavelengths of light through the body part to a photodetector. It measures the changing
absorbance at each of the wavelengths, allowing it to determine the absorbances due to
the pulsing arterial blood alone, excluding venous blood, skin, bone, muscle, fat, and (in
most cases) nail polish.[2]

This oximeter lets you sense blood oxygen level and heart BPM pulse
readings. Just clip it on your fingertip and you can start getting the health readings. It is
a very popular sensor which means numerous libraries and sample codes are available
for most microcontrollers - Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, etc. There were minor issues
with previous models of the MAX30102 sensors with poor voltage regulators and pull up
resistors. This model solves those issues and is plug and play with no hardware
modification required to be done on the board. Compared to the previous version of the
max30102 sensor, this latest version of MAX30102 the latest version has only the

13
sensor(and no other component) on one side of the PCB. This ensures the sensors
mounts with uniform pressure on the fingertip for accurate and consistent readings.

It integrates two LEDs (IR and Red), a photo detector (Red), optimized optics, and low-
noise analog signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and heart-rate signals. It is fully
configurable through software registers and the digital output data is stored in a 16-deep
FIFO within the device. It has an I2C digital interface to communicate with a host
microcontroller. The pulse oximeter subsystem in MAX30102 consists of ambient light
cancellation (ALC), 16-bit sigma-delta ADC, and proprietary discrete-time filter. It has an
ultra-low-power operation which makes it ideal for battery-operated systems.MAX30102
operates on a supply in the range of 1.8 to 3.3V.It can be used in wearable devices,
fitness assistant devices, medical monitoring devices, etc. The MAX30102 operates
from 1.8V and 3.3V power supplies and can be powered down through software with
negligible standby current, permitting the power supply to remain connected at all times.

Behind the window on one side, the MAX30102 has two LEDs – a RED and
an IR LED. On the other side is a very sensitive photo detector. The idea is that you
shine a single LED at a time, detecting the amount of light shining back at the detector,
and, based on the signature, you can measure blood oxygen level and heart rate.

3.2.1. Power Requirement

The MAX30102 chip requires two different supply voltages: 1.8V for the IC
and 3.3V for the RED and IR LEDs. So the module comes with 3.3V and 1.8V regulators.
On the back of the PCB you’ll find a solder jumper that can be used to select between
3.3V and 1.8V logic level. By default 3.3V logic level is selected which is compatible with
logic levels for Arduino. But you can also select 1.8V logic level as per your requirement.
This allows you to connect the module to any microcontroller with 5V, 3.3V, even 1.8V
level I/O.

3.2.2. On-Chip Temperature Sensor

The MAX30102 has an on-chip temperature sensor that can be used to

compensate for the changes in the environment and to calibrate the measurements.This
is a reasonably precise temperature sensor that measures the ‘die temperature’ in the
range of -40˚C to +85˚C with an accuracy of ±1˚C.

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 3.2.3. I2C Interface

The module uses a simple two-wire I2C interface for communication with the
microcontroller. It has a fixed I2C address: 0xAEHEX (for write operation) and
0xAFHEX (for read operation).

3.2.4. FIFO Buffer

The MAX30102 embeds a FIFO buffer for storing data samples. The FIFO has
a 32-sample memory bank, which means it can hold up to 32 SpO2 and heart rate
samples. The FIFO buffer can offload the microcontroller from reading each new data
sample from the sensor, thereby saving system power.

3.2.5. Interrupts

The MAX30102 can be programmed to generate an interrupt, allowing the

host microcontroller to perform other tasks while the data is collected by the sensor. The
interrupt can be enabled for 5 different sources:

• Power Ready: triggers on power-up or after a brownout condition.

• New Data Ready: triggers after every SpO2 and HR data sample is collected.

• Ambient Light Cancellation: triggers when the ambient light cancellation function of the
SpO2/HR photodiode reaches its maximum limit, affecting the output of the ADC.

• Temperature Ready: triggers when an internal die temperature conversion is finished.

• FIFO Almost Full: triggers when the FIFO becomes full and future data is about to be
lost.

3.2.6. Technical Specifications

Here are the technical specifications:

Power supply 3.3V to 5.5V

Current draw ~600μA (during measurements)

15
 ~0.7μA (during standby mode)

Red LED Wavelength 660nm

IR LED Wavelength 880nm

Temperature Range -40˚C to +85˚C

Temperature Accuracy ±1˚C

You can find extensive information for the MAX30102 sensor from the datasheet.

3.2.7. How MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Works?

The MAX30102, or any optical pulse oximeter and heart-rate sensor for that
matter, consists of a pair of high-intensity LEDs (RED and IR, both of different
wavelengths) and a photodetector. The wavelengths of these LEDs are 660nm and
880nm, respectively.

Fig 3.5 Photo plethysmogram

The MAX30102 works by shining both lights onto the finger or earlobe (or
essentially anywhere where the skin isn’t too thick, so both lights can easily penetrate the
tissue) and measuring the amount of reflected light using a photodetector. This method
of pulse detection through light is called Photo plethysmogram.The working of
MAX30102 can be divided into two parts: Heart Rate Measurement and Pulse Oximetry
(measuring the oxygen level of the blood).

16
 3.2.8. Heart Rate Measurement

The oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the arterial blood has the characteristic
of absorbing IR light. The redder the blood (the higher the hemoglobin), the more IR light
is absorbed. As the blood is pumped through the finger with each heartbeat, the amount
of reflected light changes, creating a changing waveform at the output of the
photodetector. As you continue to shine light and take photodetector readings, you
quickly start to get a heart-beat (HR) pulse reading.

Fig 3.6 Heart Rate Measurement

3.2.9. Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry is based on the principle that the amount of RED and IR light
absorbed varies depending on the amount of oxygen in your blood. The following graph
is the absorption-spectrum of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated
hemoglobin (Hb).

17
 Fig 3.7 Pulse Oximetry

As you can see from the graph, deoxygenated blood absorbs more RED light
(660nm), while oxygenated blood absorbs more IR light (880nm). By measuring the ratio
of IR and RED light received by the photodetector, the oxygen level (SpO2) in the blood
is calculated.

3.3. MLX90614

The MLX90614 is built from 2 chips developed and manufactured by

Melexis:The Infra Red thermopile detector MLX81101.The signal conditioning ASSP
MLX90302, specially designed to process the output of IR sensor.The device is available
in an industry standard TO-39 package.

Fig 3.8 Heart Rate Measurement

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 The low noise amplifier, high resolution 17-bit ADC and powerful DSP unit of
MLX90302 high accuracy and resolution of the thermometer is achieved. The calculated
object and ambient temperatures are available in RAM of MLX90302 with resolution of
0.01˚C. They are accessible by 2 wire serial SM Bus compatible protocol (0.02°C
resolution) or via 10-bit PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) output of the device.

The MLX90614 is factory calibrated in wide temperature ranges: -40 to 125 ˚C

for the ambient temperature and -70 to 382.2 ˚C for the object temperature. The 10-bit
PWM is as a standard configured to transmit continuously the measured object
temperature for an object temperature range of -20 to 120 ˚C with an output resolution of
0.14 ˚C. The PWM can be easily customized for virtually any range desired by customer
by changing the content of 2 EEPROM cells. This has no effect on the factory calibration
of the device.

3.3.1. MLX90614 Pinout

Fig 3.9 MLX90614 Pinout

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 Pin Name Function

VSS Ground. The metal can is also connected to

this pin

SCL/Vz Serial clock input for 2 wire communications

protocol. 5.7V zeneris available at this pin for
connection of external bipolar transistorto
MLX90614A to supply the device from external
8 -16V source.

PWM/SDA Digital input / output. In normal mode the

measured objecttemperature is available at this
pin Pulse Width Modulated.

VDD External supply voltage.

3.3.2. MLX90614 Block Diagram

Internally, the MLX90614 is a pairing of two devices: an infrared thermopile detector and
a signal-conditioning application processor.Per the Stefan-Boltzman law, any object that
isn't below absolute zero (0°K) emits (non-human-eye-visible) light in the infrared
spectrum that is directly proportional to its temperature. The special infrared thermopile
inside the MLX90614 senses how much infrared energy is being emitted by materials in
its field of view, and produces an electrical signal proportional to that.

20
 Fig 3.10 MLX90614 Block Diagram

3.3.3. MLX90614 Specifications

• Operating Voltage: 3.6V to 5V (available in 3V and 5V version)

• Supply Current: 1.5mA
• Object Temperature Range: -70° C to 382.2°C
• Ambient Temperature Range: -40° C to 125°C
• Accuracy: 0.02°C
• Field of View: 80°
• Distance between object and sensor: 2cm-5cm (approx.)

3.3.4. MLX90614 Features

• Small size, low cost

• Easy to integrate
• Factory calibrated in wide temperature range: -40 to 125 ˚C for sensor
temperature and -70 to 380 ˚C for object temperature
• High accuracy of 0.5°C over wide temperature range .
• High (medical) accuracy calibration optional
• Measurement resolution of 0.02°C

21
• Single and dual zone versions
• SMBus compatible digital interface
• Customizable PWM output for continuous reading
• Available in 3V and 5V versions
• Simple adaptation for 8 to 16V applications
• Power saving mode
• Different package options for applications and measurements versatility
Automotive grade

3.3.5. Where to Use MLX90614 Temperature Sensor

The key feature of the MLX90614 is that it is a high-precision,

contactless IR temperature sensor. It can therefore be used in industries to
measure the temperature of moving objects, such as a rotating motor shaft.
Due to its high accuracy and precision, it is also used in a wide range of
commercial, health and household applications such as room temperature
monitoring, body temperature measurement, etc.

3.3.6. MLX90614 Working Principle

As mentioned above, the MLX90614 sensor can measure the

temperature of an object without any physical contact with it. This is made
possible by a law called the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, which states that all
objects and living beings emit IR Energy and that the intensity of that emitted
IR energy is directly proportional to the temperature of that object or living
being. The MLX90614 sensor therefore calculates the temperature of the
object by measuring the amount of IR energy emitted from it.

22
 3.3.7. How to Use MLX90614 Temperature Sensor

The temperature sensor MLX90614 is manufactured by a company called

Melexis. The sensor is factory calibrated and therefore acts as a plug and play sensor
module to speed up the development process.

The MLX90614 consists of two devices integrated as a single sensor, one of

which acts as a sensing unit and the other as a processing unit. The sensing unit and the
Infrared Thermopile Detector called MLX81101 which senses the temperature and the
processing unit is a single conditioning ASSP called MLX90302 which converts the
signal from the sensor to the digital value and communicates using the I2C protocol. The
MLX90302 has a low-noise amplifier, 17-bit ADC and a powerful DSP that helps the
sensor achieve high accuracy and resolution.The sensor does not require any external
components and can be directly interfaced with a microcontroller such as Arduino. As
you can see above the power pins (Vdd and Gnd) can be used directly to power the
sensor, typically 5V can be used, but there are other versions of this sensor that can
operate on 3.3V and 7V as well. The C1 capacitor is optional and is used to filter noise
and provide optimum EMC capability. Signal pins (SCL and SDA) for use in I2C
communication and can be connected directly to a 5V logic microcontroller.

The sensor is also sold as a module, as you can see in the image pinout. But
the sensor module is very similar to the sensor itself and has no additional components
other than the sensor itself.

3.3.8. MLX90614 Applications

• High precision non-contact temperature measurements

• Thermal Comfort sensor for Mobile Air Conditioning control system
• Temperature sensing element for residential, commercial and industrial building air
conditioning
• Windshield defogging
• Automotive blind angle detection
• Industrial temperature control of moving parts
• Temperature control in printers and copiers
• Home appliances with temperature control

23
• Healthcare
• Livestock monitoring
• Movement detection
• Multiple zone temperature control – up to 100 sensors can be read via common 2 wires
• Thermal relay/alert
• Body temperature measurement

3.4. OLED Display

OLED displays are electronic visual panels that harness organic light-emitting
diodes (which, of course, is what the acronym OLED stands for) for their core illumination
power. OLED is a type of electroluminescent display technology, in which an organic
material layer generates light when molecules in the diode are agitated by an electric
current.As with many other display types, an OLED array can be used to present images,
text, video and more on a screen or panel of almost any size, and the technology has
been especially prevalent on the high-end home entertainment market over the past few
years. Thanks to the unique strengths they deliver in terms of power and performance,
OLED screens are also in increasingly widespread use as performance display tools
across all industries and sectors today.

Fig 3.11 OLED Display

In this guide, we’ll look more closely at exactly how OLED panels function,
what the main strengths of the technology are when compared with more entry-level

24
 alternatives, and some of the brands whose products are currently excelling in a range of
professional and industrial display settings.
Organic light emitting diodes (devices) or OLEDs are monolithic, solid-state
devices that typically consist of a series of organic thin films sandwiched between two
thin-film conductive electrodes. When electricity is applied to an OLED, under the
influence of an electrical field, charge carriers (holes and electrons) migrate from the
electrodes into the organic thin films until they recombine in the emissive zone forming
excitons. Once formed, these excitons, or excited states, relax to a lower energy level by
giving off light (electroluminescence) and/or unwanted heat.
The basic OLED cell structure consists of a stack of thin organic layers sandwiched
between a conducting anode and a conducting cathode. Breakdown of an OLED
structure:

• Substrate (can be plastic, glass, or metal foil) – Foundation of the OLED

• Anode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) – Positively
charged to injects holes (absence of electrons) into the organic layers that make up the
OLED device

• Hole Injection Layer (HIL) – Deposited on top of the anode this layer receives holes from
the anode and injects them deeper into the device

Fig 3.12 OLED Layer

25
• Hole Transport Layer (HTL) – This layer supports the transport of holes across it so they
can reach the emissive layer

• Emissive Layer – The heart of the device and where light is made, the emissive layer
consists of a color defining emitter doped into a host. This is the layer where the
electrical energy is directly converted into light.
• Blocking layer (BL) – Commonly used to improve OLED technology by confining
electrons (charge carriers) to the emissive layer

• Electron Transport Layer (ETL) – Supports the transport of electrons across it so they
can reach the emissive layer.

• Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) – Negatively
charged to inject electrons into the organic layers that make up the OLED device.

3.5. CONNECTING WIRES

A wire is a single usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are
used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is
commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire
gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number. The
term 'wire' is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in
"multistranded wire", which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable
in electricity.Wire comes in solid core, stranded, or braided forms

Fig 3.13 Connecting Wires

. Although usually circular in cross-section, wire can be made in square,

hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative
purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in
loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special
flattened wire.

26
 3.6. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a pn junction

diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads,
electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in
the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2 ) and integrated optical
components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.

Fig3.13: LED

3.7. RESISTORS

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to
reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High- power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators.
Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature,
time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements
(such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light,
humidity, force, or chemical activity.

27
 Fig3.14: Resistors

A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is an advanced battery technology that uses

lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry. During a discharge cycle,
lithium atoms in the anode are ionized and separated from their electrons. The lithium
ions move from the anode and pass through the electrolyte until they reach the
cathode, where they recombine with their electrons and electrically neutralize. The
lithium ions are small enough to be able to move through a micro-permeable
separator between the anode and cathode. In part because of lithium’s small size
(third only to hydrogen and helium), Li-ion batteries are capable of having a very high
voltage and charge storage per unit mass and unit volume.

Li-ion batteries can use a number of different materials as electrodes. The

most common combination is that of lithium cobalt oxide (cathode) and graphite
(anode), which is most commonly found in portable electronic devices such as
cellphones and laptops. Other cathode materials include lithium manganese oxide
(used in hybrid electric and electric automobiles) and lithium iron phosphate. Li -ion
batteries typically use ether (a class of organic compounds) as an electrolyte.

28
 CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE & LIBRARIES

4.1 Arduino IDE

• Arduino IDE is an open-source software, designed by Arduino.cc and mainly used

for writing, compiling & uploading code to almost all Arduino Modules.

• It is an official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that even a
common person with no prior technical knowledge can get their feet wet with the
learning process.

• It is available for all operating systems i.e. MAC, Windows, Linux and runs on the
Java Platform that comes with inbuilt functions and commands that play a vital role in
debugging, editing and compiling the code.

• A range of Arduino modules available including Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino
Leonardo, Arduino Micro and many more.

• Each of them contains a microcontroller on the board that is actually programmed

and accepts the information in the form of code.

• The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will ultimately
generate a Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the
board.

• The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and Compiler where
former is used for writing the required code and later is used for compiling and
uploading the code into the given Arduino Module.

• This environment supports both C and C++ languages.

The IDE environment is mainly distributed into three sections

1. Menu Bar
2. Text Editor
3. Output Pane

As you download and open the IDE software, it will appear like an image below:

29
 Fig4.1: Arduino IDE

The bar appearing on the top is called Menu Bar that comes with five different
options as follow
• File – You can open a new window for writing the code or open an existing one. The
following table shows the number of further subdivisions the file option is categorized
into.

30
 Fig4.2: Arduino IDE File Explaination

• As you go to the preference section and check the compilation section, the Output
Pane will show the code compilation as you click the upload button.

Fig4.3: Arduino IDE Preference Section Explaination

31
• And at the end of the compilation, it will show you the hex file it has generated for the
recent sketch that will send to the Arduino Board for the specific task you aim to
achieve.

Fig4.4: Arduino Hex File Generated

• Edit – Used for copying and pasting the code with further modification for font
• Sketch – For compiling and programming
• Tools – Mainly used for testing projects. The Programmer section in this panel is
used for burning a bootloader to the new microcontroller.
• Help – In case you are feeling skeptical about software, complete help is available
from getting started to troubleshooting.
The Six Buttons appearing under the Menu tab are connected with the running program
as follows.

Fig4.5: Arduino IDE Menu tab Explaination

• The checkmark appearing in the circular button is used to verify the code. Click this
once you have written your code.

• The arrow key will upload and transfer the required code to the Arduino board.

• The dotted paper is used for creating a new file.

• The upward arrow is reserved for opening an existing Arduino project.

• The downward arrow is used to save the current running code.

32
• The button appearing on the top right corner is a Serial Monitor – A separate pop-up
window that acts as an independent terminal and plays a vital role in sending and
receiving the Serial Data. You can also go to the Tools panel and select Serial
Monitor, or pressing Ctrl+Shift+M all at once will open it instantly. The Serial Monitor
will actually help to debug the written Sketches where you can get a hold of how your
program is operating. Your Arduino Module should be connected to your computer by
USB cable in order to activate the Serial Monitor.

• You need to select the baud rate of the Arduino Board you are using right now. For
my Arduino Uno Baud Rate is 9600, as you write the following code and click the
Serial Monitor, the output will show as the image below.

Fig4.6: Arduino IDE Serial Monitor Output

• The main screen below the Menu bard is known as a simple text editor used for
writing the required code.

33
 Fig4.7: Arduino IDE Text Editor Explaination

• The bottom of the main screen is described as an Output Pane that mainly highlights
the compilation status of the running code: the memory used by the code, and errors
that occurred in the program. You need to fix those errors before you intend to upload
the hex file into your Arduino Module.

Fig4.8: Arduino IDE Output Window

• More or less, Arduino C language works similar to the regular C language used for
any embedded system microcontroller, however, there are some dedicated libraries
used for calling and executing specific functions on the board.

34
 4.2 ARDUINO LIBRARIES
• Libraries are very useful for adding extra functionality into the Arduino Module.

• There is a list of libraries you can check by clicking the Sketch button in the menu bar
and going to Include Library.

Fig 4.9: Arduino Libraries

4.2.1 Making Pins Input or Output

The digitalRead and digitalWrite commands are used for addressing and making the
Arduino pins as an input and output respectively.
These commands are text sensitive i.e. you need to write them down the exact way they
are given like digitalWrite starting with small “d” and write with capital “W”. Writing it down
with Digitalwrite or digitalwrite won’t be calling or addressing any function.

4.2.2 How to Select the Board

• In order to upload the sketch, you need to select the relevant board you are using
and the ports for that operating system.

35
• As you click the Tools on the menu, it will open like the figure below:

• Just go to the “Board” section and select the board you aim to work on. Similarly,
COM1, COM2, COM4, COM5, COM7 or higher are reserved for the serial and USB
board. You can look for the USB serial device in the ports section of the Windows
Device Manager.

• The following figure shows the COM4 that I have used for my project, indicating the
Arduino Uno with the COM4 port at the right bottom corner of the screen.

Fig 4.10: Arduino IDE Selection Port

• After correct selection of both Board and Serial Port, click the verify and then upload
button appearing in the upper left corner of the six-button section or you can go to the
Sketch section and press verify/compile and then upload.

• The sketch is written in the text editor and is then saved with the file extension .ino.

It is important to note that the recent Arduino Modules will reset automatically
as you compile and press the upload button the IDE software, however, the older
versions may require the physical reset on the board.

36
• Once you upload the code, TX and RX LEDs will blink on the board, indicating the
desired program is running successfully.

4.3 ARDUINO BOOTLOADER

• As you go to the Tools section, you will find a bootloader at the end.

• It is very helpful to burn the code directly into the controller, setting you free from
buying the external burner to burn the required code.

Fig 4.11: Arduino IDE Bootloader

When you buy the new Arduino Module, the bootloader is already installed
inside the controller. However, if you intend to buy a controller and put it in the Arduino
module, you need to burn the bootloader again inside the controller by going to the Tools
section and selecting the burn bootloader.

37
 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS & DISCUSSION

5.1 RESULT
The Result and Discussion of the project was to plan a system which can collect
readings of various important Patients’ indication and then evaluation on the cloud.
Then alert the doctor or concerned person Health Conditions. This construction was
completed by implanted system that relies on sensors to transmit Reading of Vital Signs
for Cloud Administration Delivered by AWS IoT Step by Step. These readings are
chronological and can be accessed either by web interface give pictorial representation
of the information or by Information Analysis Module to decide the severity of patient.

Fig 5.1: Showcase and Out casing of Project

Fig 5.2: Charging & Switch ON & OFF Function

38
 Fig 5.3: Top View Of Project

Fig 5.4: Waveform and Showing Pulse rate & oxygen Saturation
With Temperature

39
 Fig5.5: Sensor Working Stop After 5 Sec.

5.2 CONCLUSION

We can monitor Patient monitoring system using wireless technology. Doctors

and medical Officers can track patient health condition and determine their health
status. Patient monitors are the most critical diagnostic tools in hospitals' critical care
units, providing consistent performance and Interpretation of vital parameters of the
patient. Patient monitoring system measures physical condition by either continuously
or at regular intervals over time. Patient has need to monitor Regular transmission of
critical parameters and alert signals when critical parameters indicate if any danger
situation. Patient monitoring system is more powerful device for bedside patient
monitor capable of complex bio-signals processing and interpretation and it is usually
equipped with special communication interfaces.

40
 5.3 FUTURE SCOPE

• Add more features like Emergency remainder in hospital.

• prediction of Heart attack by in Real time.
• Growth plans through publicity via following:
- Personalized emails:
- Sending emails to the people using mail merge.
• Developing websites:
- Creating websites to Easily access data..
•
5.4 ADVANTAGES

1. Real time
2. Temperature monitoring of human body
3. Oxygen level
4. Accurate Measure Result
5. Heart rate & pulse oximeter
6. Show Timing
6 Low Cost
7 Identify Your Health Test.

41
 CHAPTER 6 REFRENCES
1. Marci Meingast, Tanya Roosta, Shankar Sastry. Security and Privacy Issues with Health Care
Information Technology, 2006.
2. Upkar Varshney, Patient monitoring using infrastructure- oriented wireless LANs.
3. Charles V. Trappey, Amy J.C. Trappey, Develop Patient Monitoring and Support System Using
Mobile Communication and Intelligent Reasoning, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International
Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.
4. Shubhangi M. Verulkar, Maruti Limkar, Real Time Health Monitoring Using GPRS Technology,
International Journal of Computer Science and Network (IJCSN) ,Volume 1, Issue 3, June 2012
5. G. Dhiman and A. Kaur, “Spotted hyena optimizer for solving engineering design problems,” in
2017 International Conference onMachine Learning and DataScience (MLDS), pp. 114–119,
6. V. M. Figueredo, J. S. Dias, Mobile Telemedicine System for Home Care and Patient
Monitoring, Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS San
Francisco, CA, USA • September 1-5, 2004.
7. J Chen, K. Kwong, D. Chang,” Wearable Sensors for Reliable Fall Detection”, Publisher: IEEE,
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8. Alexandros Pantelopoulos, Nikolaos G. Bourbakis,” A Survey on Wearable Sensor-Based

Systems for Health Monitoring and Prognosis”, Publisher: IEEE DOI:
10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2032660.
9. Mrs. M. V. Patil, Mrs. M. S. Chavan, Gsm Based Remote Patient Monitoring System,
Department of Electronics Bharati Vidyapeeth University College ofEngg. Pune.
10. M. M. Islam, A. Rahaman, and M.R. Islam, “Development of smart healthcare monitoring system
in IoT environment,” SN Computer Science, vol. 1, no. 3, 2020.
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Denoising ECG Signal on FPGA”, International Conference on Information Management &
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12. Sande S.B. et.al (2019) “Study of structural complexity of optimal order digital filters for de-noising
ECG signal”, International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 29, Issue. 2,
PP:101-133.
13. Nayak S.et al (2020) “A Review on FPGA-Based Digital Filters for De-Noising ECG Signal”,
Sensor Network Methodologies for Smart Applications, IGI Global publisher, PP:1-24.
14. Nayak S. and Rai A. (2018) “A Review on Implementation of Digital Filters on FPGA”,
International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue. 2, PP:137-
143.
15. Gupta S. et al. (2021) “Wearable Healthcare Device for Elderly Person”, Proceedings of the
Second International Conference on Information Management and Machine Intelligence,
Springer, Singapore, PP: 457-462.
16. Bhogeshwar S.S et al (2014) “To verify and compare denoising of ECG signal using various
denoising algorithms of IIR and FIR filters”, International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology”, Vol.16, Issue.3, PP: 244-267.

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43