Criminal Detection On Open CV

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
PROJECT “CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

DETECTION”
Int’l Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS)
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology
Information Technology
Submitted To: - Submitted By:- Samridhi Bhandari

Dr. Isha Singh (00113303119)
HMR INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT
HAMIDPUR, DELHI -110036
Affiliated To
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA

UNIVERSITY
2019-23 1
00113303119-Samridhi Bhandari
DECLARATION
I, Samridhi Bhandari, Student of BTech ( I T) declare that the project titled
“CRIMINAL ACTIVITY DETECTION ” which is submitted by me to Department
of Information and Technology, HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT,HAMIDPUR DELHI affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha
University.
Date: 14TH Dec 2021
Samridhi Bhandari
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project mark the beginning of an ever - going
learning experience of converting ideas and concepts into real life, practical
system. This project was a quite a learning experience for me at each and every
step. At the same time it has given me confidence to work in professional setup.
I feel the experience gained during the project will lead me to gain the bright
prospect in the future. First of all I would like to give thanks to Head,
Education and Training, Mr. Devendra Kumar Mishra, for guiding us to
participate and undergo training and internship program , which not only has
increased our awareness about latest fields but also taught me the importance of
team building. With the deep sense of gratitude, I express my sincere thanks to Dr.
Isha Singh for her active support and continuous guidance without which it would
have been difficult for me to complete this project. I will also like to thank the
other working staff teachers at FOSS CELL,BPIT,Delhi for taking keen interest
in my project and giving valuable suggestions and helping me directly or
indirectly to complete this project.
SAMRIDHI
BHANDARI
00113303119
BTech (IT)
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CERTIFICATE
4
CERTIFICATE FOR INTERNSHIP
5
ABSTRACT
The project “CRIMINAL ACTIVITY DETECTION “focuses on the problem of increasing
violence rate concerning guns and harmful weapons every year, becoming a challenge for
law enforcement agencies to deal with this issue on time. There are many places where the
crime rate caused by guns or knives is very high, especially in places where there are no gun
control laws. The early detection of violent crime is of paramount importance for citizens'
security. One way to prevent these situations is by detecting the presence of dangerous
weapons such as handguns and knives through surveillance videos. Present surveillance and
control systems still require manual monitoring and intervention. Here, we present a system
of automatic detection of weapons in the video, which is appropriate for surveillance and
control purposes. We have used the python code along with OpenCV for the detection of
weapons in real-time video. It focuses on a specific area of the image and trains each
component separately. The dataset is trained for classifying three classes of weapons
Handgun, Knife, and Heavy Guns. Once the weapon is detected, an alert beep will be sent to
authorities who can act accordingly and reduce the violent crimes before they take place.
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CONTENTS
DECLARATION 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
CERTIFICATE 4
ABSTRACT 5
CONTENTS 6
CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
1.1 Organization Profile .........................................................................................8
1.2 Overview of Project .......................................................................................... 11
1.3 Literature Survey… ........................................................................................... 12
1.3.1 Machine Learning
1.3.2 Python Language
1.4 Problem Specification ....................................................................................... 12
1.5 Problem Definition ............................................................................................ 12
1.6 Limitation of Existing System........................................................................... 13
1.7 Scope of Study ....................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 2-SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1 General ................................................................................................................ 14
2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 14

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2.3 Preliminary Investigation..................................................................................15
2.4 Summary and Constraint… .............................................................................. 15
2.5 Feasible Study… ................................................................................................16
2.6 Types of Feasible Study ..................................................................................... 16
2.6.1 Technical Feasibility….......................................................... 17
2.6.2 Economic Feasibility… ............................................................... 17
2.6.3 Operational Feasibility… ....................................................... 18
2.7 Hardware and Software Specifications…........................................................ 18
2.8 Data Flow Diagram .......................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 3-DEVELPOMENT ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction to Python ...................................................................................... 18
3.1.1 Uses of Python ............................................................................... 19
3.1.2 Facts about Python ............................................................. 20
3.2 Introduction to Microsoft Virtual Studio Code ..............................................23
3.2.1 Language Support… ........................................................................... 23
3.2.2 Data Collection............................................................................23
3.2.3 Version Control… ....................................................................... 24
3.3 CodeSnack IDE… ............................................................................................... 24
3.4 PyCharm ......................................................................................................... 24
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CHAPTER 4-SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Modular Description ........................................................................................ 31
4.2 User Interface Design ....................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 5-TESTING
5.1 Testing Technique & Testing Strategies ......................................................... 33
5.2 Debugging & Code Improvement… ...............................................................35
CHAPTER 6-CODES
CHAPTER 7-IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 System Implementation .............................................................................. 37
7.2 Screenshots ....................................................................... 38
7.3 Software Installation............................................................................... 39
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE… .................................................................. 44
BIBLIOGRAPHY… .......................................................................................................... 47
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ORGANISATION PROFILE:
1.1.1 ABOUT
ICFOSS (International Centre for Free and Open Source Software)
International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS) is an autonomous
organization set up by the Government of Kerala, India and having the combined mandate of
popularizing Free and Open Source Software for universal use; consolidating the early FOSS
work done in Kerala; and networking with different nations, communities and governments
to collaboratively promote FOSS. ICFOSS is the outcome of a decade of work by Free
Software enthusiasts, advocates, developers and supporters in the state of Kerala and outside.
Recognizing the strides made by the FOSS community in Kerala, and sensing a need to do
more, the Government of Kerala, in 2008, had set up a Committee headed by Prof Rahul De
of IIM Bangalore to recommend what further could be done to support the cause of FOSS.
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The FOSS Cell Programme of ICFOSS aims to provide promotional services of FOSS to
educational institutions by promoting the formation of a group of interested students and
teachers in the institution, called the FOSS Cell, on a voluntary basis.
1.1.2 Vision
The vision of the FOSS Cell is to encourage and promote the use of Free and Open
Source Software and related areas such as Open Hardware, amongst the students and
teachers of the institution for every possible kind of use.
1.1.3 Mission
The FOSS Cell shall carry this out through associating with ICFOSS and its programmes, as
well as with other FOSS community, industry and research organizations, and taking up
programmes including training & capacity building, student projects, lectures & seminars,
conferences and exhibitions, by participating at the institutional level as well as inter-
institutional, state, national and international levels.
The Student Ambassadors of ICFOSS will support this mission. Where student 11
ambassadors are not available for a particular institution, ICFOSS will directly assist to the
extent possible.
1.1.4 Objectives
• Identify and quantify the political, cultural and economic benefits for India as a result of
FOSS. This would not just be restricted to software but also to issues like patents,
copyright, digital content, scientific publishing etc.
• Develop an action plan aimed at making India a global leader in the open source
community Leverage the open source development model based on community,
collaboration and shared ownership of intellectual resources to bridge the digital divide
• Create a road-map for open source software development for India's software export
industry
• Take the lead role in identifying technologies for different applications for the
government, public enterprises, educational institutions, small business, individuals and
other key sectors.
Organisation website https://icfoss.in/home
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1.1.6 FOSS Training
ICFOSS trainings and workshops are mainly aimed at the development and promotion of
FOSS initiatives among the students, Faculty, professionals and Government employees to
make them competent and aware of the benefits of using FOSS applications and tools in tune
with the e-policy of Governments. It also popularize and familiarise the concept and use of
Open Source Operating Systems and softwares to improve operational skills of people.
ICFOSS has started trainings on the above concepts and currently within emphasis to FOSS
based support services to public as well as private sector employees, innovators, young
graduates and students. We are also providing capacity building programmes for
Government employees (Secretariat and Line Departments in State Government ),
Researchers, Students, Professionals, Academicians etc. We have trained around 6,000
people from the year 2017. We are also engage in conducting various FDPs (Faculty
Development Programmes) to academic community.
1.1.7 FOSS Cell
To promote the use of FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) technologies and
applications among students and faculties and to encore them in contributing towards the
community development in FOSS, ICFOSS has initiated setting up of FOSS Cells in
educational institutions, in the year 2015. The Cell’s activities are bound in participation
with the members of the institutions and ICFOSS. These deeds of the Cell aim in promoting
FOSS activities through a group of interested students and teachers (Faculty Development
Programmes) of the institution, on a voluntary basis.
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1.2 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
1.2.1 INTRODUCTION
During my course duration I had built a project based on Machine Learning in python language.
Below is a gist of the project along with running code and attached output. In brief the project lets
a user detect the number of time gun I detected in a frame during the whole duration of video.
1.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
Latest Research papers and articles based on Criminal Activity Detection project were
deeply studied and in this section a brief summary about the same is provided.
Major Technologies used for making this project are Machine learning and python
programming.
Giving a brief introduction about both of them below:
1.1.1 Machine Learning

Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that can improve
automatically through experience and by the use of data.[1] It is seen as a part of
artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a model based on sample
data, known as training data, in order to make predictions or decisions without
being explicitly programmed to do so.[2] Machine learning algorithms are used in
a wide variety of applications, such as in medicine, email filtering, speech
recognition, and computer vision, where it is difficult or unfeasible to develop
conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks.[3]
A subset of machine learning is closely related to computational statistics,
which focuses on making predictions using computers; but not all machine
learning is statistical learning. The study of mathematical 14

optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field of
machine learning.
Why is machine learning important?
Machine learning is important because it gives enterprises a view of trends in
customer behavior and business operational patterns, as well as supports the
development of new products. Many of today's leading companies, such as
Facebook, Google and Uber, make machine learning a central part of their
operations. Machine learning has become a significant competitive differentiator
for many companies.
What are the different types of machine learning?
Classical machine learning is often categorized by how an algorithm learns to
become more accurate in its predictions. There are four basic approaches:
supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning and
reinforcement learning. The type of algorithm data scientists choose to use
depends on what type of data they want to predict.
 Supervised learning: In this type of machine learning, data scientists supply
algorithms with labeled training data and define the variables they want the
algorithm to assess for correlations. Both the input and the output of the algorithm
is specified.
 Unsupervised learning: This type of machine learning involves algorithms
that train on unlabeled data. The algorithm scans through data sets looking for
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any meaningful connection. The data that algorithms train on as well as the
predictions or recommendations they output are predetermined.
 Semi-supervised learning: This approach to machine learning involves a
mix of the two preceding types. Data scientists may feed an algorithm mostly
labeled training data, but the model is free to explore the data on its own and
develop its own understanding of the data set.
 Reinforcement learning: Data scientists typically use reinforcement
learning to teach a machine to complete a multi-step process for which there
are clearly defined rules. Data scientists program an algorithm to complete a
task and give it positive or negative cues as it works out how to complete a
task. But for the most part, the algorithm decides on its own what steps to
take along the way.
How does supervised machine learning work?
Supervised machine learning requires the data scientist to train the algorithm with
both labeled inputs and desired outputs. Supervised learning algorithms are good
for the following tasks:
 Binary classification: Dividing data into two categories.
 Multi-class classification: Choosing between more than two types of
answers.
 Regression modeling: Predicting continuous values.
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 Ensembling: Combining the predictions of multiple machine learning models
to produce an accurate prediction.
How does unsupervised machine learning work?
Unsupervised machine learning algorithms do not require data to be labeled. They
sift through unlabeled data to look for patterns that can be used to group data
points into subsets. Most types of deep learning, including neural networks, are
unsupervised algorithms. Unsupervised learning algorithms are good for the
following tasks:
 Clustering: Splitting the dataset into groups based on similarity.
 Anomaly detection: Identifying unusual data points in a data set.
 Association mining: Identifying sets of items in a data set that frequently
occur together.
 Dimensionality reduction: Reducing the number of variables in a data set.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of machine learning?
Machine learning has seen use cases ranging from predicting customer
behavior to forming the operating system for self-driving cars.
When it comes to advantages, machine learning can help enterprises
understand their customers at a deeper level. By collecting customer data and
correlating it with behaviors over time, machine learning algorithms can
learn associations and help teams tailor product development and marketing
initiatives to customer demand.

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1.1.2 Python Language
Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its
design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant
indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to
help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.
Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports
multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly, procedural),

object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries
included" language due to its comprehensive standard library.
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s, as a successor to
the ABC programming language, and first released it in 1991 as
Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000 and introduced new features, such
as list comprehensions and a cycle-detecting garbage collection system (in
addition to reference counting). Python 3.0 was released in 2008 and was a major
revision of the language that is not completely backward-compatible. Python 2
was discontinued with version 2.7.18 in 2020.
Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages.
Python Documentation by Version
Python 3.10.1, documentation released on 6 December 2021.
Python 3.10.0, documentation released on 4 October 2021.
Python 3.9.9, documentation released on 15 November 2021.
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Python 3.9.8, documentation released on 05 November 2021.
Python 3.9.7, documentation released on 30 August 2021.
Python 3.9.6, documentation released on 28 June 2021.
Python 3.9.5, documentation released on 3 May 20
Python 3.9.4, documentation released on 4 April 2021.
Python 3.9.3, documentation released on 2 April 2021.
Python 3.9.2, documentation released on 19 February 2021.
Python 3.9.1, documentation released on 8 December 202
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1.2 PROBLEM SPECIFICATION:
This problem is assigned to me during my Machine Learning/AI training to create a project on
“Criminal Activity Detection” using Python3.6 and OpenCV applying Machine learning
techniques.
1.3 PROBLEM DEFINITION:
A folder is made in which python code of project is stored along with libraries and sample
video/videos in which the gun detection operation is to be performed. Along with these files a
.rar file is been stored to hear audio/beep whenever a gun is detected in the frame during the
running video.
This project works by giving the specific path i.e. name of the video provided in that folder,
then after saving the file we run the python code on python3.6 IDE. For the output part, the
whole video runs on our screen and the algorithm set by us detects the guns in frame by
indicating green color box around the gun in each frame. At left bottom of the video we
could see the exact date and time when the gun was detected in video. With every gun
detection we hear a beep. After the whole video gets over we observe the total number of
times the gun was detected on python shell.
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1.4 LIMITATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
1.4.1 Correct path of video entered during input
During the compilation we are supposed to provide the path of video(the file
must be in same folder as that of the code).It is important to enter correct
path inorder to get desired result.The format of file must me .amp or .mp4
1.6.Detecting real gun and fake/toy gun
We have implemented binary classification assuming pistol class as the
reference class and relevant confusion objects inclusion concept is
introduced to reduce false positives and false negatives.
1.6.3 Unsatisfactory security measures:
A password key could be included into the system so that only the official
user with valid ID could access the recording and detect the crime.This
ensures the data security and protection from hackers.
1.6.4 Videos with .mp4 could be detected
The exising system was able to detect only videos with .amp format but now
even .mp4 files with whatsoever duration could also be detected in the given
system. Hence increasing the range of detection i.e. more optimized system.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

Despite state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, fast processing hardware, and advanced
CCTV cameras, weapon detection in real-time is still a serious challenge. Observing angle
differences, occlusions by the carrier of the firearm and persons around it further enhances
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the difficulty of the challenge. This work focuses on providing the user with exact date and
time when the gun is detected in the frame of given sample video. As a gun is detected we
hear a beep sound from our system. After the whole video ends ,we get an output on python
shell indicating the total number of detections .We have implemented binary classification
assuming pistol class as the reference class and relevant confusion objects inclusion concept
is introduced to reduce false positives and false negatives. No standard dataset was available
for real-time scenario so we made our own dataset by making weapon photos from our own
camera, manually collected images from internet, extracted data from YouTube CCTV
videos, through GitHub repositories. Two approaches are used i.e. sliding
window/classification and region proposal/object detection. Precision and recall count the
most rather than accuracy when object detection is performed .The project is executed in
python language.
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CHAPTER-2
FEASIBILITY STUDY
An initial investigation in a proposal that determines whether an alternative system is

feasible. A proposal summarizing
the thinking of the analyst is presented to the user for review. When approved, the proposal
initiates feasibility study that describes and evaluates candidate systems and provides
for the selection of best system that meets system performance requirements.
To do a feasibility study, we need to consider the economic, technical factors in system
development. First a project team is formed. The team develops system flowcharts that
identify the characteristics of candidate systems, evaluate the performance of each system,
weigh system performance and cost data and select the best candidate system for the
job. The study culminates in a final report to the management.
INTRODUCTION:
1. Describe and identify characteristics of candidate systems.

2. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effectiveness of each
candidate system.
3. Weigh system performance and cost data.
4. Select the best candidate system.
SUMMARY:
1. A feasibility study is conducted to select the best system that meets performance
requirements. This entails an identification description, an evaluation of candidate
systems, and the selection of the best system for the job.
2. A statement of constraints, the identification of specific system objectives and a
description of outputs define a system’s required performance. The analyst is then
ready to evaluate the feasibility of candidate systems to produce these outputs.
3. Three key considerations are involved in feasibility analysis: economic, technical
and behavioral.
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4. There are few steps in feasibility study:

STATEMENT OF CONSTRAINTS: - Constraints are factors that limit
the solution of a problem. Some constraints are identified during the initial
investigation
5. IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC SYSTEM OBJECTIVES:

- Once the constraints are spelled out, the analyst proceeds to identify the system’s
specific performance objectives. They are derived from the general objectives
specified in the project directive at the end of the initial investigation. The steps
are to state the system’s benefits and then translate them into measurable
objectives.
6. DESCRIPTION OF OUTPUTS: - A final step in system performance

definition is describing the output required by the user. An actual sketch of the
format and contents of the reports as well as a specification of the media used, their
frequency, size and numbers of copies required are prepared at this point
TYPES OF FEASIBLE STUDY :-
• Legal Feasibility: - Determines whether the proposed system conflicts

with legal requirements, e.g. a data processing system must comply with
the local Data Protection Acts.
• Operational Feasibility: -Operational feasibility is a measure of
how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage
of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it
satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis
phase of system development.
The operational feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to
which the proposed development projects fits in with the existing
business environment and objectives with regard to development
schedule, delivery date, corporate culture, and existing business
processes.
To ensure success, desired operational outcomes must be imparted
during design and development. These include such design-
dependent parameters such as reliability, maintainability,
supportability, usability, predictability, disposability, sustainability,
affordability and others. These parameters are required to be
considered at the early stages of design if desired operational
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behaviors are to be realized. A system design and development requires appropriate and
timely application of engineering and management efforts to meet the previously
mentioned parameters. A system may serve its intended purpose most effectively
when its technical and operating characteristics are engineered into the design. Therefore
operational feasibility is a critical aspect of systems engineering that needs to be an
integral part of the early design phases
i. Economic Feasibility: -The purpose of the economic feasibility
assessment is to determine the positive economic benefits to the
organization that the proposed system will provide. It includes
quantification and identification of all the benefits expected. This
assessment typically involves a cost/ benefits analysis.
ii. Technical Feasibility: -The technical feasibility assessment is

focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical resources
of the organization and their applicability to the expected needs of the
proposed system. It is an evaluation of the hardware and software and
how it meets the need of the proposed system.
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:-
 PROCESSOR : Pentium IV processor or Greater

 RAM : 128 Mega Byte (MB) or Greater
 HARDDISK : 1.2 Giga Byte (GB) or Greater
 Keyboard & Mouse
 MONITOR : Colour (For Best Result)
 Printer
2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-
 Operating System : Windows 2000/ XP /7/8

 Python IDE
 OpenCV
 PyCharm
 Microsoft Visual Studio Code
 CodeSnack IDE
 Python 3.6
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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)
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CHAPTER-3
DEVELOPMENT ENVIROMENT
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
• Python was founded by Gudio Van rossum in 1995.
• Python is an interpreted high-level general purpose programming language.
• Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant
indentation.
• Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help
programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.
• Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected.
• It supports programming paradigms including structured (particularly, procedural),
object-oriented and functional programming.
• Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces
the cost of program maintenance.
• Python is easy to understand for writing new software – it’s often possible to write
code faster .
• Python easy to understand it’s also often easier to understand someone else’s code
faster .
• Lots of IT project testers have started using Python to carry out repeatable test
procedures.
3.1.1 USES OF PYTHON
Python is a popular and in-demand skill to learn. But what is python programming
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used for? We’ve already briefly touched on some of the areas it can be applied to,
and we’ve expanded on these and more Python examples below.
Python can be used for:
AI and Machine Learning
Python is such a stable, flexible, and simple programming language, it’s perfect for various
machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) projects. In fact, Python is among the
favourite languages among data scientists, and there are many Python machine learning and
AI libraries and packages available.
Data Analytics
Much like AI and machine learning, data analytics is another rapidly developing field that
utilises Python programming. At a time when we’re creating more data than ever before, there
is a need for those who can collect, manipulate and organise the information. Python for data
science and analytics makes sense. The language is easy-to-learn, flexible, and wellsupported,
meaning it’s relatively quick and easy to use for analysing data. When working with large
amounts of information, it’s useful for manipulating data and carrying out repetitive tasks.
Data Visualisation
Data visualisation is another popular and developing area of interest. Again, it plays into many
of the strengths of Python. As well as its flexibility and the fact it’s open-source, Python
provides a variety of graphing libraries with all kinds of features. Whether you’re looking to
create a simple graphical representation or a more interactive plot, you can find a library to
match your needs. Examples include Pandas Visualization and Plotly. The possibilities are
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vast, allowing you to transform data into meaningful insights.
Programming Applications
You can program all kinds of applications using Python. The general-purpose language can
be used to read and create file directories, create GUIs and APIs, and more. Whether it’s
blockchain applications, audio and video apps, or machine learning applications, you can build
them all with Python.
Web development
Python is a great choice for web development. This is largely due to the fact that there are
many Python web development frameworks to choose from, such as Django, Pyramid, and
Flask. These frameworks have been used to create sites and services such as Spotify, Reddit
and Mozilla. The extensive libraries and modules that come with Python frameworks,
functions such as database access, content management, and data authorisation are all possible
and easily accessible. Given its versatility, it’s hardly surprising that Python is so widely used
in web development.
Game development
Although far from an industry-standard in game development, Python does have its uses in
the industry. It’s possible to create simple games using the programming language, which
means it can be a useful tool for quickly developing a prototype. Similarly, certain functions
(such as dialogue tree creation) are possible in Python.
3.1.2 FACTS ABOUT PYTHON
Python is one of the most emerging programming languages.

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 It is a high-level programming
language that has user-friendly syntax. It is known to have fewer lines of code in
an easy and simple form.
Python is extensively used by many large organizations. Besides all
these technical aspects, there are amazing Python facts as well.
Nomenclature fact of Python
This name ‘Python’ is extracted from a British comedy series, “Monty Python’s Flying
Circus”. It is not named a snake. It is said that this was the favorite series of its inventor Guido
Van Rossum. He named it Python because it is short, mysterious and unique.
 Python follows chain comparison
In Python, there can be multiple comparisons at once. It is able to check multiple conditions
at the same time. While in other programming languages, you can not program a chain of
comparison operators.
The comparison operators can be chained randomly. It does not have to follow a particular
order of operators.
 Python does not need compiler
Python relies on an interpreter. Unlike other programming languages, it does not need a
compiler.
The code is stored in a .pyc file. This file acts as a dynamic engine for Python eliminating the
need of any compiler.
 Python does not enhance the use of pointer
In Python, every program is done by reference. It does not support pointer.
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 Python has a variant of C and Java
Python has incorporated the variants of C and Java such as CPython, Jython, etc. The C variant
is
CPython, to give Python the glimpse benefits of C language. It is because CPython is
beneficial in
terms of performance, as it has both a compiler and an interpreter.
 Python can implement the ‘else’ clause within ‘for’ loop
Unlike other languages, Python is the only language that can use else within for a loop. This
will be true only when the loop exists nature.
3.2 Microsoft Visual Studio Code
Visual Studio Code is a source-code editor made
by Microsoft for Windows, Linux and macOS. Features include support
for debugging, syntax highlighting, intelligent code completion, snippets, code
refactoring, and embedded Git. Users can change the theme, keyboard shortcuts,
preferences, and install extensions that add additional functionality.
Visual Studio Code is a source-code editor that can be used with a variety of
programming languages,
including Java, JavaScript, Go, Node.js, Python and C++. It is based on
the Electron framework, which is used to develop Node.js Web applications that
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run on the Blink layout engine. Visual Studio Code employs the same editor
component (codenamed "Monaco") used in Azure DevOps (formerly called Visual
Studio Online and Visual Studio Team Services).20]
This allows it to operate as
a language-agnostic code editor for any language. It supports a number of
programming languages and a set of features that differs per language. Unwanted
files and folders can be excluded from the project tree via the settings. Many
Visual Studio Code features are not exposed through menus or the user interface
but can be accessed via the command palette.
Visual Studio Code can be extended via extensions, available through a central
repository. This includes additions to the editor and language support. A notable
feature is the ability to create extensions that add support for
new languages, themes, and debuggers, perform static code analysis, and add code
linters using the Language Server Protocol.

3.3 Code Snack IDE
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CodeSnack is the first mobile IDE made from the ground up for iPhone and iPad. It provides
you with fast and easy-to-use tools that make it possible for anyone to create great programs,
learn how to code by samples, and deploy real-world back-end and front-end apps within
minutes — for free.
CodeSnack is the first mobile IDE made from the ground up for iPhone and
iPad. It provides you with fast and easy-to-use tools that make it possible for
anyone to create great programs, learn how to code by samples, and deploy
real-world back-end and front-end apps within minutes — for free.
Getting started takes seconds, and you don't need to be a strong coder or have
server administrator's skills to learn how to use it. With CodeSnack IDE, you
get all the control and flexibility you need to make things your way without
any compromise.
Everything you can do with CodeSnack IDE:
- Write & run real code (like on PC, Mac, or Linux)
- Use any programming language
- Use your favorite hardware keyboard and shortcuts
- Debug program output, and see detailed error logs (in real-time)
- Practice to code with examples library (we have 1000+ examples to check
out)
34
- Sync your projects between all your devices
- Install complex dependencies and Linux libraries
And so much more!
This is the only mobile application supporting many programming languages
for coding:
* Java
* Python
*C
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* JavaScript
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* Shell
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35
* Ruby
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* Kotlin
* Lua
* Haskell
Subscription benefits:
- Up to 8x faster
- Sync between all your devices
- Upload code to your server using SFTP
- Virtual keyboard customization
- Unlock all chapters from the code library
- Access extra color schemas
- No ads
3.4 PyCharm
PyCharm is an integrated development environment (IDE) used in computer
programming, specifically for the Python language. It is developed by the
Czech company JetBrains (formerly known as IntelliJ).[5] It provides code
36
analysis, a graphical debugger, an integrated unit tester, integration with
version control systems (VCSes), and supports web development with Django
as well as data science with Anaconda.
PyCharm is cross-platform, with Windows, macOS and Linux versions. The
Community Edition is released under the Apache License,[7] and there is also
Professional Edition with extra features – released under a proprietary license.
FeaturesEditCoding assistance and analysis, with code completion, syntax
and error highlighting, linter integration, and quick fixesProject and code
navigation: specialized project views, file structure views and quick jumping
between files, classes, methods and usagesPython refactoring: includes
rename, extract method, introduce variable, introduce constant, pull up, push
down and othersSupport for web frameworks: Django, web2py and Flask
[professional edition only][8]Integrated Python debuggerIntegrated unit
testing, with line-by-line code coverageGoogle App Engine Python
development [professional edition only]Version control integration: unified
user interface for Mercurial, Git, Subversion, Perforce and CVS with change
lists and mergeSupport for scientific tools like matplotlib, numpy and scipy .
It competes mainly with a number of other Python-oriented IDEs, including
Eclipse's PyDev, and the more broadly focused Komodo IDE.
PyCharm provides an API so that developers can write their own plugins to
extend PyCharm features. Several plugins from other JetBrains IDE also
37
work with PyCharm. There are more than 1000 plugins which are compatible
with PyCharm.
38
CHAPTER_4
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1MODULAR DESCRIPTION
4.1.1 LOGIN AND REGISTRATION: -In this module new student or user
requires to enter his all details that’s has been asked to enter in signup form.
No field be remain unfilled.
All these details gets stored in the database, creating record for each student also
these details can be accessed further.
4.1.2 CHOICE OF SUBJECTS :- Here the students are new and want to
explore their potential. So the choice is given to them in the form of
topic/subjects, in which they can take the quiz in which they are
comfortable, so as to evaluate their performance and enhance their scope of
further improvement
.
4.1.3 CATEGORIES OF SUBJECTS:-
4 RESULT GENERATION: At the end of the quiz i.e. the 8 MCQ’s the
result will be generated when the user or student submit his test. The result is
generated based on the student’s performance or his inputs. The result will
enable the user to access his performance and improve it.
39
CHAPTER-5
TESTING
5.1 TESTING TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES:-
Testing is the process of exercising software with the intent of finding errors and
ultimately correcting them. The following testing techniques have been used to make this
project free of errors.
Content Review
The whole content of the project has been reviewed thoroughly to uncover
typographical errors, grammatical error and ambiguous sentences.
Navigation Errors
Different users were allowed to navigate through the project to uncover the navigation
errors. The views of the user regarding the navigation flexibility and user friendliness were
taken into account and implemented in the project.
Unit Testing
Focuses on individual software units, groups of related units.
 Unit – smallest testable piece of software.
 A unit can be compiled /assembled / linked/loaded; and put under a test
harness.
 Unit testing done to show that the unit does not satisfy the application and
 /or its implemented software does not match the intended designed structure.
Integration Testing
Focuses on combining units to evaluate the interaction among them
40
 Integration is the process of aggregating components to create larger
components.
 Integration testing done to show that even though components were
individually satisfactory, the combination is incorrect and inconsistent.
System testing
Focuses on a complete integrated system to evaluate compliance with specified
requirements (test characteristics that are only present when entire system is run)
 A system is a big component.
 System testing is aimed at revealing bugs that cannot be attributed to a component as
such, to inconsistencies between components or planned interactions between
components.
 Concern: issues, behaviors that can only be exposed by testing the entire integrated
system (e.g., performance, security, recovery)each form encapsulates (labels, texts,
grid etc.). Hence in case of project in V.B. form are the basic units. Each form is tested
thoroughly in term of calculation, display etc.
Regression Testing
Each time a new form is added to the project the whole project is tested thoroughly to
rectify any side effects. That might have occurred due to the addition of the new form.
Thus regression testing has been performed.
White-Box testing
White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box
testing and structural testing) tests internal structures or workings of a program, as opposed
to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an internal
41
perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The
tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate
outputs.
This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT).
While white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the
software testing process, it is usually done at the unit level. It can test paths within a
unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a system–
level test. Though this method of test design can uncover many errors or problems, it might
not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or missing requirements.
Techniques used in white-box testing include:
 API testing (application programming interface) – testing of the application using
public and private APIs
 Code coverage – creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage (e.g., the
test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the program to be executed at
least once)
 Fault injection methods – intentionally introducing faults to gauge the efficacy of
testing strategies.
Code coverage tools can evaluate the completeness of a test suite that was created
with any method, including black-box testing. This allows the software team to
examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most important
function points have been tested. Code coverage as a software metric can be reported
as a percentage for:
Function coverage, which reports on functions executed
42
Statement coverage, which reports on the number of lines executed to complete the test
100% statement coverage ensures that all code paths, or branches (in terms of control
flow) are executed at least once. This is helpful in ensuring correct functionality, but not
sufficient since the same code may process different inputs correctly or incorrectly.
Black-box testing
Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box", examining functionality without
any knowledge of internal implementation. The tester is only aware of what the software
is supposed to do, not how it does it. Black-box testing methods include: equivalence
partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, state transition tables, decision
table testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, use case testing, exploratory testing and
specification-based testing.
Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the
applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be
provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output
value (or behaviour), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in the
test case. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the
application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including
specifications, requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional
or non-functional, though usually functional.
Specification-based testing may be necessary to assure correct functionality, but it is
insufficient to guard against complex or high-risk situations.
One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required.
43
Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and
may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has
been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight." Because they do
not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester writes many test cases
to check something that could have been tested by only one test case, or leaves some parts
of the program untested.
This method of test can be applied to all levels of software testing: unit, integration, system
and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all testing at higher levels, but can
also dominate unit testing as well.
Alpha Testing
Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or
an independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is often employed for
off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software goes to
beta testing.
Beta Testing
Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user
acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a
limited audience outside of the programming team. The software is released to groups of
people so that further testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Sometimes,
beta versions are made available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a
maximal number of future users.
5.2 DEBUGGING AND CODE IMPROVEMENT
44
5.2.1 Debugging
Developers often find themselves in situations where the code they've written
is not working quite right. When that happens, a developer debugs their code
by instrumenting, executing and inspecting the code to determine what state
of the application does not match the assumptions of how the code should be
correctly running.
Why is debugging important?
There are bugs in every modest sized or larger application. Every developer
has to learn how to debug code in order to write programs that work as
correctly as time and budget allow.
In addition to fixing bugs, debugging is an important skill for improving the
efficiency of an application by optimizing performance and improving the
logic. Debugging is a complex skill that takes time and practice for a
developer to gain as a capability.
What are some common debugging techniques?
Some common debugging techniques include:
 Printing out or displaying values of variables and state at certain times
during the execution of an application
 Changing the state of a program to make it do different things. This is
called altering the "path" of the program
 Stepping through the execution of a program line by line
45
 Breakpoints
 Trace Points
 Stopping the program at certain events
 Viewing the output of a program in a debugger window
5.2.2 Debugging tools
There are many debugging tools, some of which are built
into IDEs like PyCharm and others that are standalone applications. The
following list contains mostly standalone tools that you can use in
any development environment.
 pdb is a debugger built into the Python standard library and is the one most developers
come across first when trying to debug their programs.
 Web-PDB provides a web-based user interface for pdb to make it easier to understand
what is happening while inspecting your running code.
 wdb uses WebSockets to allow you to debug running Python code from a web browser.
 Pyflame (source code) is a profiling tool that generates flame graphs for executing Python
program code.
 objgraph (source code) uses graphviz to draw the connections between Python objects
running in an application
46
5.2.3 For Code Improvement:
1.UseBuilt-InFunctions
Built-in function in any language is always useful because you don’t need to write
your code from scratch. The same goes for Python. Python comes with many
useful libraries and built-in functions. These libraries are helpful in writing the
features at several places in your development project. You can write high-quality,
efficient code, but it is difficult to beat the underlying libraries. Python
libraries are optimized and tested rigorously (like your code). These built- in
functions are easy to use in your project. You won’t have redundant code in your
project and the code will be optimized very well. 2.WriteYourOwnGenerator
In Python use generator wherever it is possible. It allows you to return a single
item at a time instead of returning the items all at once. Xrange() function is a
generator in Python 2, similar to the range() function in Python 3. If
you’re using lists, you should write your own generator. Generators give you lazy
evaluation and memory will be used efficiently. Generators are very useful if
you’re reading numerous large files. You can process a single chunk without
worrying about the size of the files.
3.UseListComprehensions
//
4.Usexrange()Insteadofrange()
square_numbers
In Python = loops
2, to iterate over [] for n
weincan
range(0,10):
use range()ifand
n %xrange()
2 == 1: fun ctions. The
square_numbers.append(n**2)
first function stores all the numbers in the range in memory, and it got linearly
large as range did. Other function xrange() return the generator object. If you loop
47
with these object numbers will be available in memory only on demand.
The above code returns 560064. If you use xrange with the same range, it will
return 40. If you’re writing your application in Python 2, Then swapping functions
will create a big impact on memory usage. In Python 3 xrange() functionality is
implemented by default. If there is no xrange() function, then the range() function
5.UseSetsandUnions
If you’re using too many loops in your code, then you will put unnecessary strain
on your server. This will be the most efficient approach. You can get the
overlapping values in two lists. You can do this using nested for loops, as given
below… import sys counter = range(1, 70000) print(sys.getsizeof(counter))
6. BeLazyWithModuleImporting
Experts in Python suggest importing all the modules at the start of your program.
You can sort these alphabetically. This approach will help you in keeping the track
48
of the dependencies your program has, but the disadvantage is that your imports
loadatstartup.
You can try a different approach? You can load the modules when you need them.
This technique will help you in distributing the loading time for modules evenly,
This will reduce peaks of memory usage.
7. e“in”ifPossible
It is recommended to use the “in” keyword to check the membership of a list. for
username in member_list: print('{} is a member'.format(username)) Conclusion
All the above code will help you in running your code faster, and this will allow
you to get a better Python performance from your application. As you will progress
with Python, you will find many tips, and you on your own will learn to optimize
your code in Python. You will be using lists, dictionaries, tuples, and many other
things in Python and while building your logic or adding some features, slowly
you will get to know that how things can be optimized.
49
CHAPTER 6
CODES
import numpy as np
import cv2
import imutils
import datetime
gun_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('cascade.xml')
camera = cv2.VideoCapture('data/gun4_2.mp4')
# initialize the first frame in the video stream

firstFrame = None
# loop over the frames of the video
gun_exist = False
while True:
(grabbed, frame) = camera.read()
# if the frame could not be grabbed, then we have reached the end of the
video
if not grabbed:
break
# resize the frame, convert it to grayscale, and blur it

frame = imutils.resize(frame, width=500)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, (21, 21), 0)
gun = gun_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 5, minSize = (100, 100))
if len(gun) > 0:
gun_exist = True 50
for (x,y,w,h) in gun:

frame = cv2.rectangle(frame,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),2)
roi_gray = gray[y:y+h, x:x+w]
roi_color = frame[y:y+h, x:x+w]
# if the first frame is None, initialize it

if firstFrame is None:
firstFrame = gray
continue
# draw the text and timestamp on the frame

cv2.putText(frame, datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%A %d %B %Y
%I:%M:%S%p"),
(10, frame.shape[0] - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.35, (0, 0, 255), 1)
# show the frame and record if the user presses a key

cv2.imshow("Security Feed", frame)
key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
if gun_exist:
print("guns detected")
else:
print("guns NOT detected")
# cleanup the camera and close any open windows

camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
51
CHAPTER-7
IMPLEMENTATION
7.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Code run on VS Code
import numpy as np
import cv2
import imutils
import datetime
gun_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('cascade.xml')
camera = cv2.VideoCapture('data/gun4_2.mp4')
# initialize the first frame in the video stream

firstFrame = None
# loop over the frames of the video
gun_exist = False
while True:
(grabbed, frame) = camera.read()
# if the frame could not be grabbed, then we have reached the end of the
video
if not grabbed:
break
# resize the frame, convert it to grayscale, and blur it

frame = imutils.resize(frame, width=500)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, (21, 21), 0)
gun = gun_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 5, minSize = (100, 100))
if len(gun) > 0:
gun_exist = True
52
for (x,y,w,h) in gun:

frame = cv2.rectangle(frame,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),2)
roi_gray = gray[y:y+h, x:x+w]
roi_color = frame[y:y+h, x:x+w]
# if the first frame is None, initialize it

if firstFrame is None:
firstFrame = gray
continue
# draw the text and timestamp on the frame

cv2.putText(frame, datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%A %d %B %Y
%I:%M:%S%p"),
(10, frame.shape[0] - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.35, (0, 0, 255), 1)
# show the frame and record if the user presses a key

cv2.imshow("Security Feed", frame)
key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
if gun_exist:
print("guns detected")
else:
print("guns NOT detected")
# cleanup the camera and close any open windows

camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
53
7.3 Screenshots
OUTPUT
54
55
CONCLUSION
The project “ Criminal Activity Detection” aims to detect the authority about guns
detected in a frame along with exact date and time.
This project uses machine learning to detect objects and even .mp4 files could be
detected no matter what length. We are able to hear a beep sound after each gun
spotted. The project is good for security purposes and would surely provide an aid to
detect criminal activities and hence ultimately aims to reduce such activities in future.
This project cover very much every function needed by user in Criminal Activity
Detection.
56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.python.org
2. Python Data Science Handbook byJake Vanderplas
3. The Hitchhiker’s guide to Python by Kenneth Retz
4. Think Python by Allen B.Downey
5. Code.visualstudio.com
6. www.jetbrains.com
7. www.google.com
8. www.wikipedia.org
9. www.codesnack-ide.com
10.www.icfoss.in
57

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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

PROJECT “CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

Submitted To: - Submitted By:- Samridhi Bhandari

HMR INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA

I, Samridhi Bhandari, Student of BTech ( I T) declare that the project titled

“CRIMINAL ACTIVITY DETECTION ” which is submitted by me to Department

of Information and Technology, HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT,HAMIDPUR DELHI affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha

Date: 14TH Dec 2021

Education and Training, Mr. Devendra Kumar Mishra, for guiding us to

in my project and giving valuable suggestions and helping me directly or

indirectly to complete this project.

CERTIFICATE FOR INTERNSHIP

The project “CRIMINAL ACTIVITY DETECTION “focuses on the problem of increasing

1.1 Organization Profile .........................................................................................8

1.2 Overview of Project .......................................................................................... 11

1.3 Literature Survey… ........................................................................................... 12

1.3.1 Machine Learning

1.3.2 Python Language

1.4 Problem Specification ....................................................................................... 12

1.5 Problem Definition ............................................................................................ 12

1.6 Limitation of Existing System........................................................................... 13

1.7 Scope of Study ....................................................................................................13

CHAPTER 2-SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 General ................................................................................................................ 14

2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 14

2.3 Preliminary Investigation..................................................................................15

2.4 Summary and Constraint… .............................................................................. 15

2.5 Feasible Study… ................................................................................................16

2.6 Types of Feasible Study ..................................................................................... 16

2.6.1 Technical Feasibility….......................................................... 17

2.6.2 Economic Feasibility… ............................................................... 17

2.6.3 Operational Feasibility… ....................................................... 18

2.7 Hardware and Software Specifications…........................................................ 18

2.8 Data Flow Diagram .......................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER 3-DEVELPOMENT ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Introduction to Python ...................................................................................... 18

3.1.1 Uses of Python ............................................................................... 19

3.1.2 Facts about Python ............................................................. 20

3.2 Introduction to Microsoft Virtual Studio Code ..............................................23

3.2.1 Language Support… ........................................................................... 23

3.2.2 Data Collection............................................................................23

3.2.3 Version Control… ....................................................................... 24

3.3 CodeSnack IDE… ............................................................................................... 24

3.4 PyCharm ......................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER 4-SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Modular Description ........................................................................................ 31

4.2 User Interface Design ....................................................................................... 32

5.1 Testing Technique & Testing Strategies ......................................................... 33

5.2 Debugging & Code Improvement… ...............................................................35

7.1 System Implementation .............................................................................. 37

7.2 Screenshots ....................................................................... 38

7.3 Software Installation............................................................................... 39

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE… .................................................................. 44

1.1 ORGANISATION PROFILE:

ICFOSS (International Centre for Free and Open Source Software)

to collaboratively promote FOSS. ICFOSS is the outcome of a decade of work by Free

educational institutions by promoting the formation of a group of interested students and

teachers in the institution, called the FOSS Cell, on a voluntary basis.

teachers of the institution for every possible kind of use.