R e p u b l i c o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s

P a n g a s i n a n S t a t e U n i ve r s i t y
U r d a n e t a C i t y, P a n g a s i n a n

GE–6
S c i e n c e, T e c h n o l o g y a n d S o c I e t y
1st Semester 2022–2023

Submitted by:
NIcole Q. Yumul
BS Electrical Engineering - 1B

Submitted to:
M r. M i c h a e l J a m e L. G r o s p e
Teacher Education Department
College of Arts and Education

Table of Contents
I. Activities, Written Outputs, Practicum, Oral Recitation, Performance Tasks, and
Reporting

II. Lecture Notes

III. Midterm and Final Examination Results

IV. Rubrics

V. Acknowledgement Receipts for Course Guide/Syllabi and IDP

VI. Documentation and Narrative report of Student Performances

Course Guide
 Activities, Written Outputs, Practicum, Oral
Recitation, Performance Tasks, and Reporting

GE 6 ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION #1 (MODULE 1)

POINTS: 100/100
MODULE 1
Activity 1. Diagnostics
Before continuing on this Module, let us have a short diagnostic test to determine your ideas
regarding science and technology. For the following items, write TRUE if you feel that the statement is
correct and FALSE if the statement is not.

TRUE 1. Technology is the application of science.

TRUE 2. Scientific theories are much less valid than scientific laws.
TRUE 3. Science and technology has potentially negative societal impacts.
TRUE 4. STS is a multidisciplinary study and draws heavily on the social sciences.
TRUE 5. Science mainly concerns on the acquisition and production of knowledge from the natural TRUE
world.
FALSE 6. Though the knowledge generated by STS is important, it has little bearing on government
policymaking.
TRUE 7. The study of STS is important for both the natural science community and the social science
community.
FALSE 8. The domain of science requires skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving but less on
creativity and imagination.
TRUE 9. When we try to look into how various social factors affect the development of science and how
developments in science affect human society, we are delving into the STS territory.
FALSE 10. STS deals mostly with historical developments of science and technology and its impact to
society and less with the philosophical implications of these developments.

Activity 3. Reflection Task

Obtain a photograph from a magazine or newspaper that depicts a science issue or dilemma that you
think is significant. After which, reflect on the following questions:

1. Describe the issue or dilemma in the photograph. How did this issue come about? Why do you think
this is a significant issue?

An additive manufacturing process that constructs a three-dimensional object from a computer-

aided design (CAD) or a digital 3D model is called 3D printing. This is done through a layering method
where materials such as plastics, bio-materials, or composites are layered to create the desired object.
Because of its flexibility, accuracy, and speed, 3D printers have become a promising tool for the future of
the manufacturing sector. For now, 3D printing is mostly used by artists and designers.
 As I scrolled on social media, I saw a video where someone 3D printed a key just from its picture,
and it is perfectly functional. That immediately sparked various questions and concerns. If it was that
easy to create a duplicate key, imagine if someone with malicious intent had access to a 3D printer.
Breaking into their neighbors’ houses would be a breeze. Digging deeper into how useful 3D printers can
be, it was just recently that 3D printing technology took the world by storm, more specifically, the
construction industry, as it introduced 3D-printed houses. In less than 24 hours, 3D printers can print the
foundation and walls for a small home at a fraction of the cost of typical construction. It makes you
think, "What else can you make with a 3D printer?"
Scientists are continually working to improve 3D printing technology today in order to create
everything from architectural models to human organs. They are also researching ways to find
alternatives to make 3D printing less expensive. As we all know, our creativity and imagination knows no
bounds. There is a high possibility that we could be looking at a future in which we can print
personalized pharmaceuticals and even home-printed guns and explosives. 3D printers are
advantageous and can be useful in the fields of manufacturing, medicine, and business. However, it is
also very powerful, and if it falls into the wrong hands, it can be perilous. We must keep in mind that 3D
printing technology has its own positive and negative effects on our society.

2. How do you think the study of STS will help address the issue you chose?

The study of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) aims to close the gap between two
historically exclusive cultures—the humanities and natural sciences—in order for people to more
effectively address the moral, ethical, and existential conundrums brought on by the ongoing
advancements in science and technology. By studying STS, we will be aware of the potential issues and
threats of 3D printing, and by knowing the problems, we can learn or find ways to deal with them. With
the application of what we learned in this subject, it will help us prevent the negative effects from
getting out of hand and, instead, keep them at a manageable level.

GE 6 ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION #2 (MODULE 2)

POINTS: 100/100
MODULE 2
Activity 1. Reflection

“Why is it important to study the history of Science and Technology?”

Science is present in our lives every day and everywhere. Sometimes, people are taking it for
granted. The different inventions and technologies that are present became a norm in this era that we
think that it is not such a big deal. However, looking back in time, you will find out that these innovations
and developments were not created yet. They were just starting to discover many things that became
the foundation of our knowledge today. For instance, take the creation of a transistor. The first
transistor was between one and six inches tall. But now, a single iPhone, which is also around 6 inches in
size, contains 3,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or3×10 ²¹ transistors. We can see how huge the
developments were. Without knowing the history behind our technologies now, we cannot comprehend
how mind blowing these are. In order to understand the big things, we need to understand the smallest
things. Studying the history of science and technology makes us appreciate the developments in our
lives more.

Activity 3. Worksheet

After reading about the innovations during the Middle Ages, complete the following table
Heavy plough Gunpowder Paper Mechanical Spinning
Money Clock Wheel
Developer/ Medieval A Chinese Chinese Henry de Indians
Inventor Northern Taoist government Vick
Europe alchemist
Origin There is a It was It adapted An invention It was
plow called invented in the concept called the believed to be
the scratch- Ancient of verge invented in
plow but it China with promissory escapement India. This
did not suit hopes of notes where paved the technology
the soils of creating a government- way for the replaced the
Europe so potion for issued paper development hand spinning
they made immortality. money can of a method that
alterations be mechanical people used
and exchanged clock. to draw out a
development for mass of wool
s to make it something held on a
work and that valuable like stick.
gave birth to a coin. This
the heavy was invented
plow. specifically
for
merchants
because it
easier to
 carry and is
less likely to
be lost or
stolen.
Time of 5th century 9th-11th 7th century 1300 AD 5th to 10th
Invention century CE century AD
Impact or It advanced This played a Purchasing Before the This creation
Contribution the huge role on gods became invention of revolutionized
to Mankind agriculture in wars among easier since mechanical the
Europe and nations. It people did clocks, there production of
eventually became the not have to was no way yarn that
spread basis for carry coins to accurately would be
around the fiery arrows, which are measure used on
world. guns, and heavy. It time, which cloths and
Agricultural explosives. made trade was essential fabrics which
prosperity easier which for scientific prompted the
comes with led to purposes. medieval
economic increased textile
growth. exchanges of industry to
ideas and grow.
technology
among
nations as
well as
economic
prosperity.

Activity 4. Reflection

After reading about the technologies developed during the Modern Ages, choose at least two (2)
inventions / technologies that you consider to be antecedents of other inventions / technologies.
Describe their function and how they are being used, who invented that technology, why you chose
these two particular inventions and technologies and the social, political, cultural, or economic
contexts in which the invention was made.

A wheel is a circular object that revolves on an axle and forms part of a machine. When we hear
this word, the first thing that comes to mind is transportation like carts, cars, and etc. But actually, when
wheel was first invented, it had nothing to do with transportation. Historical evidences suggest that they
were used for pottery in Mesopotamia. It was further developed and eventually became the wheel that
we all know today. It is even dubbed as one of the most important inventions of all time because it had a
massive impact on our transport system and agriculture as well. Moreover, its design and concept were
adapted in many creations.
The creation of electricity shaped and inspired a huge portion of our technologies. This paved
the way for the most important inventions in our world today. The light bulb, refrigerator, air
conditioning, electric heater, televisions, and many other appliances and gadgets all go down to
electricity. Without the concept of electricity, these inventions that make our lives better would not
work or would not even be created and this electronic or digital era would not exist.

Activity 5. Drawing / Model-making Activity

Draw or create of a model of an invention or innovation that could be beneficial to our society on the
present day. Describe what your invention is, why you decided to invent it, what influences did you
draw from this invention, and how it will benefit society as a whole.

An Auto Compost Trash Can (AC/TC), as the name

suggests, is a trash bin that can turn your garbage into
compost in a matter of minutes. There are already
compost machines present today that run on electricity.
However, they are the size of a rice cooker and can only
work on food scraps, paper, and eggshells. The AC/TC is
modeled after a commercial trash can meaning it is four
times bigger than the already present compost machines.
It has a wheel so it will be easy to move. Additionally,
there is no limit to what you can compost using this. It can
be anything from biodegradable waste to plastics,
polystyrene, glass, and even metals. A carbon filter is also
installed in the trash can to remove atmospheric
pollutants and odor. AC/TC is solar powered and
rechargeable to save electricity and money.
According to the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) on January 10, 2021, the
Philippines has produced a total of 21,4265,676 metric
tons of garbage on the previous year. Imagine if those
garbage were turned into composts. You can start a garden or mini farm with that. With AC/TC, you
wouldn’t have to worry about when will the garbage truck arrive to pick up your trash because you
wouldn’t have any. Not only is it environmental, it is also economical since it will save the community’s
fund for dealing with the community’s trash because again, there wouldn’t be any.

GE 6 ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION #3 (MODULE 3, 4, AND 5)

POINTS: 85/100
MODULE 3. ACTIVITY 1. Diagnostics
Before continuing on this Module, let us find the 15 key terms/words in this module from the word
search puzzle below. Shade or encircle the words. They are placed in the puzzle either vertical,
horizontal, oblique, upward or backwards. Then copy the terms you have found in alphabetical order
in a piece of paper. And after completing this module, write 1 or 2 sentences about each term/word.

Conscious is the small amount of mental activity we are aware of.

Copernicus introduced the idea that the Earth rotates on its own axis causing day and night.
Darwin published the book “On the Origin of Species” that states that organisms have undergone
evolution and developed through natural selection
Evolution is defined as the net change or cumulative change in an organism’s characteristics.
Freud developed the theory of psychoanalysis, the importance of id, ego, and superego.
Geocentric (model) described the absolute perception of the universe with the Earth as its center.
Heliocentric (model) states that the sun is the center of the solar system rather than the Earth.
Isaac Newton is known for the law of gravitation that helped the heliocentric model to be accepted by
people.
Model is a representation or a proposed structure of a thing, person, place or idea.
Paradigm is an example or pattern that can be observed.
Psychoanalysis is a scientific method of inner and unconscious conflicts with one’s personality.
Ptolemy introduced the geocentric model.
Revolution is the series of events that lead to changes or developments. For instance, the intellectual
revolution were the series of events that made modern science emerge.
Society is a group of people in the same social territory that have social interactions.
Superego is the unconscious realm of higher morality that suppresses any urges or desires.
MODULE 4. ACTIVITY 1.
 1. Different contributions and influences on science and technology made a mark during
the different time periods in Philippine history. Give these important influences and
how they contributed to the development of science and technology in the country.
Historical Period Contributions Importance
Pre-colonial period Banaue Rice Terraces It allowed people to cultivate
crops in the mountainsides.
Spanish colonial period Suez Canal It eased the communication
and transportation between
Philippines and Europe.
Hospital This became a research
center for causes and
treatments of different
diseases.
American colonial period Public Educational System It gave people free education
and it is still implemented
today.
Post-colonial period Establishment of different This brought a more
government agencies organized society. It made
different sectors more
manageable and it also
provides support.
3. Identify science schools established to promote science education in the Philippines. Which do you
think has the best vision and mission? Why?

Philippines Science High School Systems, Quezon City Regional Science High School, Manila Science
High School and Central Visayan Institute Foundation are some of the science schools established to
promote science education in the Philippines. I think PSHSS has the best mission and vision because it is
the leading science high school in the Asia Pacific Region and it prepares its scholars to become globally
competitive Filipino scientists equipped with 21st century skills and imbued with the core values of
truth, excellence, and service to nation.
4. Match the names of famous Filipinos in the field of Science in column A to their contributions in
column B.

Column A
A 1. CAESAR A. SALOMA
F 2. EDGARDO GOMEZ
J 3. ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR.
I 4. FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT
C 5. GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN
D 6. JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR.
E 7. LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA
H 8. LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ
G 9. MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ
B 10. RAMON CABANOS BARBA
Column B
A. photonics and signal processing
B. flower induction of mango trees
C. communications technology
D. automatic control
E. seedless breed of lime and pomelo
F. giant clam breeding stationed in Bolinao
G. outstanding educator and graph theorist
H. effects of conotoxins on the central nervous
system
I. phytochemical work for the development of
lagundi
J. neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal
drug addiction
K. coconut chemistry
L. commercial fabrication of high yielding
market-size tilapia

5. Discuss the concept indigenous science and its contribution in the development of science and
technology in the Philippines.

Indigenous science uses science process skills such as observing, comparing, classifying,
measuring, problem-solving, inferring, and communicating and predicting while being guided by
community culture and values. It has developed diverse structures and contents through the interplay
between the society and the environment.
MODULE 5. ACTIVITY 1. Reflection
Now that you have learned what a Heidegger’s view on modern technology is and the issues that
surround it, we can now ask now relate how these ideas relate to our own ideas of technology. To do
so, write a Reflection Paper and make sure to answer the following questions:

1. In your own opinion, what is the essence of technology? Do you view technology in a positive,
negative, or neutral manner? Why do you have this view?

In general, technology is the creation of something through the application of scientific

knowledge. Although technology brings about things that benefit people and aid people’s needs and
wants, it also comes with destruction and damage. Hence, it is not something that can be viewed in a
purely positive manner. In order to create something, something else was destroyed, intentionally or
unconsciously. For instance, the construction of buildings and houses require materials that can be
found in nature. Sometimes, the demand is higher than the supply of materials that we start to find
ways to produce what is demanded which leads to the destruction of forests. The damage is not only
limited to physical things but also concepts of living such as jobs. With the creation of robots and
artificial intelligence, the need for manual labor is decreased. This is both a good effect and a bad effect
at the same time. It eases the workload of people but it can also lead to job loss.

2. Do you agree with Heidegger’s view on the essence of technology? Why or why not?

I agree with Heidegger when he states that "the essence of technology is by no means anything
technological," because the product like robots and machines aren’t the essence of technology. Instead,
it’s the "frame of mind" that sees the world for what is it and what it can be. I also acknowledge his view
about enframing and controlling of nature and the problem with technological thinking if we let
ourselves be consumed or controlled by it.

3. What are the dangers of modern technology? What should humanity do to avoid the dangers of
modern technology?

If we try to enframe technology, we intercept the natural unveiling of truth which makes people
fail to appreciate technology for what it is since it can only be seen through how they are used and the
linear progression of their development. The danger lies in the essence as so does the solution. Through
art, instead of a calculative thinking, a meditative thinking is adapted where one allows nature to reveal
itself and think of the importance of technology instead of its potential uses.
GE 6 ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION #4 (MODULE 6 AND 7)
POINTS: 80/100
MODULE 6. LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Reflection

1. What, in your opinion, does it mean for a country or individual to be deemed

“developed” or “flourishing”?
By definition, flourishing is developing and thriving. But to flourish as an individual or a country, it
means we improve, we become better, and we can now tackle the obstacles that we could not have
overcome before.

2. What is your measure or standard for you to be able to determine if one is flourishing
or developing?
There are several factors to consider in order to determine if one is flourishing or developing. One’s
health (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and environmental), financial capabilities or
stability, character, virtue, and morality, purpose in life, and of course one’s happiness and
satisfaction.

3. Why do you think other countries are developed while others are not?
Other countries are developed while others are still developing. This is because of the difference in
resources, geography, traditions and beliefs, and the governance and citizens of countries. The
developed countries have advantages in these factors while the developing countries have
disadvantages in some and even all of these.

4. For a long time, many developing countries such as the Philippines made to become
more developed. What hinders these countries in attaining the level of development
of other countries? Do you think we would be able to become a developed country?
Developing countries like the Philippines had been exploited or taken advantage of the core
countries. While the Philippines has a vast resource that it could use and make a profit out of, it is
the powerful countries that do that instead. The governance, the people and the power that
Philippines has also plays in this. I think Philippines has a low chance of becoming a developed
country as it stands todays but it is still not zero.

5. Is being a developed country really important? Why or why not?

Being a developed country is important and every developing country should aim to become
developed because in this age of globalization, the developing countries are at a disadvantage. Also,
it is for the good of its people to become a developed country.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 Video Analysis

1. What is scientism? Why was Lewis against it?

Scientism is basically the overestimation of science. It is the thought that science is the only
thing that is true or the only way to explain everything in all fields. It eventually became a belief and
even close to a religion. C.S. Lewis was against this idea that people believed that science holds this
great power, which also gives scientist the same power. And because of this, scientist could control
every part of human life. It is true that science is powerful. However, science itself is harmless. Instead,
it is the ones who abuse it brings forth the danger.

2. Science was compared science to magic in three ways: as religion, as credulity, and as power.
Explain his comparison for each case.
Science was compared to religion in a sense that it became something that people believed in.
In religion, there is something higher than us that we think is out there. Science shares the same
thought. The only difference is that science provides evidence and explanation. To people who are not
religious, this is more interesting and becomes their substitute for a religion. Lewis also connected
science to credulity. People would believe anything if it was “based on science” even if it is not. Since
science is just about facts, of course, one would naturally believe it. People would often abuse the name
of science, especially when promoting products. This fuels gullibility and lack of skepticism. Lastly, Lewis
described science as power. The possibilities that science offered in the 20th century was its finest virtue
and that it would reign a new age of peace and prosperity. Additionally, a lot of the science works
developed were devoted to hold power over the world. This is because science actually has the potential
to control the world and the people.

3. Based on what you have learned in the documentary film, what is the presented principle of
modernity and its values in the magician’s twin?
The essence of modernity is that nothing is sacred. Even humans who created that modernity
are not sacred. When this happens, there will be no distinction between humans, animals, and plants.
This tells us that even modernity should have its limitations and that life is not just about science or
scientifically proven facts. There is also the policies and moral values of humans that cannot be dictated
by science.

4. How does scientism threaten the human person thriving in science and technology?
Someone who is thriving in science and technology will always be curious, hungry for
improvement, development or discoveries, and will not be satisfied. Without moral guiding, science will
be the one to dictate the person to the point that they will do experiments that harm others in the
name of science. Although science should not dictate the society along with its cultures and traditions, it
still has a relationship with it and they will always be intertwined. That is why it is important to have a
moral and ethical basis when pursuing science because not knowledge and intellect is not all that there
is in this world.

MODULE 7. LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Reflection

1. What is a good life? Does your idea of good, happiness, a good person, and a good life the
same as Aristotle’s idea of these? Why or why not?
I think that everyone has their own standard or meaning of having a good life. For me, a good life means
not only having the basic necessities for survival, but also other privileges like owning a vehicle and the
capability to travel, healthy in all aspects (physical, mental, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual),
and attaining happiness and satisfaction or a feeling of fulfillment in life. My idea of good, happiness, a
good person and a good life is the same with Aristotle’s idea of these because I agree with him. He
specified and elaborated more on this matter while I only have the general idea but they align and share
the same thoughts.

2. How do you plan to achieve a good life?

As mentioned above, everyone has their own idea of a good life. Hence, I will stick to my
principles and ideologies in achieving a good life. I aspire to become financially capable enough of
providing my own needs and wants, I will take care of my body, mind and relationships, and I plan on
establishing many animal shelters because that is what I think my purpose and life is and doing or
achieving it will make me happy and satisfied.

3. What practical advice did you learn from Aristotle on how to live a virtuous life?
I learned to just be enough. In order to be virtuous, one should just be sufficient, not deficient,
and not excessive. For instance, take bravery. Being too brave leads to being rash which can put one in
danger. Whilst have a deficiency of bravery can be called a coward which can make one miss or lose
opportunities. So I will always keep in mind to find the balance of things.

4. How is moving towards a good life the same as moving towards progress in science and
technology?
A factor in moving towards a good life is maximizing one’s intellectual capabilities. With a
progressing mind, comes with a better understanding of the world and nature. This aids in progressing
science and technology as well.

5. Does science and technology advancement always lead to a good life? Why or why not? Cite
examples to illustrate your point.
The advancement of science and technology does not always lead to a good life. For example,
let us say that I am an engineer and I develop industrial machines. These machines then replace the
need for human labor in a factory. This benefits the corporation and business owners. Meanwhile,
several people just lost their jobs or source of income. The advancement of science and technology was
not beneficial for them at all. Instead, it hindered them towards one factor of having a good life which
is being financially capable. And for me, who attains happiness and a sense of fulfillment when helping
others, will not be ecstatic for what I have done. Hence, it will not lead me to a good life as well.
Moreover, technology is a tool. It is something that is used, which means it can also be misused and
abused. The development of science and technology in the field of weaponry is a double edged sword.
This is because it can either be used for protection and bring peace or it can be used for the sole
purpose of destruction. Yes, in some cases it leads to a good life. However, there are also instances
where it does not.
GE 6 ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION #5 (MODULE 8)
POINTS: 85/100
MODULE 8

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. Document Analysis

1. Why is it important to centralize human rights in science, technology, and

development?
The main reason we develop science and technology is to make our lives easier. However,
sometimes, people get sidetracked and blinded by the power of science which leads them to abuse
and misuse it. That is why human rights-based framework must be implemented in developing
science and technology because their role is to help humans. By centralizing human rights in science,
technology, and development, duty bearers and rights holders would have the moral and ethical
guide with their works.

2. The article asserts that there is no universally accepted definition of a human-rights

based approach to science and technology. Why do you think so?
There is no universally accepted definition of a human-rights-based approach to science and
technology because it covers a wide range of aspects with no specific interpretation. According to
Mukherjee, human rights-based approach ranges from gender biases to food and water safety to
misuses of science and technology. This means that if it involves the well-being of the people, it can
be called a human rights-based approach already.

3. Not everyone agrees that in a human rights-based approach to science and

technology. Why do you think so?
Due to culture clashes, human rights-based approach is not favored by everyone. Western and
eastern countries have different mindsets and beliefs. The non-European countries view it as a tactic
to overpower the global south again through enforcing these human rights onto cultures that do not
align with it.

4. Give at least two concrete examples on how a human-rights based approach to

science and technology lead to good policy-making and approach to development.
An example of how a human rights-based approach led to good policy making is UNESCO’s ‘From
Green Economies to Green Societies,” in Rio. It emphasizes the future of sustainability of societies. It
aims to achieve sustainable development not only through low carbon technologies and green
investments, but also integrating the scientific, social, and educational aspects. Another example is
the 1987 Philippine Constitution’s policy to have access to public education. Education is a tool that
will make a country grow and every human has the right to education. This policy is based on human
rights that will further develop the country.

5. In your opinion, in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think a human-rights
based approach to science and technology is being implemented? Why or why not?
During the COVID-19 pandemic, human-rights based approach to science and technology was and
was not implemented. By providing the people the vaccine for the virus, enforcing lockdown,
quarantine and other health and safety protocols, a human rights-based approach was followed
because it was all for the well-being of the people. However, healthcare workers were not taken
care of. Even if they are duty bearers, they are still rights holders. They were overworked and
abused. They were supposed to be the heroes during that time, but they were not rewarded or
treated like one.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3. Document Analysis

1. Read the identified documents in the article and look for the articles that pertains specifically
for science, technology, and human rights and answer the following:
a. What is the document all about?
b. What section or article of the document focuses on science, technology, and human rights?
c. How does the document ensure that human rights are being protected in the context of science
and technology?
2. What do you think are the challenges in implementing the contents of these documents? How
can we overcome these challenges?
1. A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 
a. According to UDHR, one's value comes from being human, and human dignity is an
ultimate core value of our existence.
b. Section 1, Article 27 of the UDHR states that everyone has the right freely to
participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in
scientific advancement and its benefits. Section 2 proclaims that everyone has the
right to the protection of moral and material interests resulting from any scientific,
literary, or artistic production of which he is the author.
c. While Article 27 gives people the freedom to participate in science and technology,
Article 30 forbids any activity aimed at the destruction of any of the rights
proclaimed. This means that while we have the freedom to pursue science and
technology, there are still limitations in a way that human rights should not be
obstructed.
2. The challenges of implementing the UDHR are that there are people who abuse their
rights or abuse others’ rights. To overcome these challenges, there is the law that serves
justice accordingly.
1. B. UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers
a. It codifies the goals and value systems by which science operates, but also
emphasizes that these need to be supported and protected if science is to flourish.
b. Paragraph 4 of the document promotes a fair and appropriate status of scientific
researchers and informs adequate national science, technology and innovation
policies, and policies to ensure that societies use knowledge from all scientific fields
in a responsible manner which includes the need to ensure the free circulation of
scientific data, and the need to provide scientists with adequate financial and
institutional support.
c. The document has betterment of human lives in mind by providing researchers the
support and protection they need while developing science and technology.
2. A challenge in this document is the lack of funds for science and technology research
and the protection of the researchers. To overcome or avoid this, the ones in charge
should not be corrupted by greed and must put the best interest of the people first.
1. C. UNESCO Declaration on the Use of Scientific Knowledge
a. It summarizes the preparatory phase and the immediate outcome of the World
Conference on Science. It includes other documents like the International Covenant
 on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Declaration on Social Progress and
Development.
b. According to the document, a human rights-based approach to science can ensure
inclusive access to the benefits of scientific advancements, foster the place of
women in sciences, and guide the establishment of sound policies in ethical issues in
science, innovation, and technology. UNESCO promotes the right to share in
scientific advancement by enabling those in marginalized communities to contribute
to and benefit from scientific progress. The Organization also takes action to
preserve the diversity of knowledge systems and the sustainable use of natural
resources in connection with the rights of indigenous people.
c. The document provides people the freedom to pursue science but limits it to not
breach any of the human rights.
2. The problem that comes with this document is the abuse of the power of science and
technology. To overcome this, the abusers and misusers of science are punished
accordingly by the law. There are also measures taken like the need for a license by
professionals as well as the code of ethics.
1. D. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
a. It makes sure that economic, social, and cultural rights, including the right to an
education, are respected and fair and just working conditions and an adequate
standard of living are available for everyone.
b. Article 15 of the Covenant recognize the right of everyone to take part in cultural
life; to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications; to benefit from
the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific,
literary, or artistic production of which he is the author. It states that the steps to be
taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of
this right shall include those necessary for the conservation, the development and
the diffusion of science and culture. Additionally, the States Parties to the present
Covenant undertake to respect the freedom indispensable for scientific research and
creative activity. Furthermore, the States Parties to the present Covenant recognize
the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and development of
international contacts and co-operation in the scientific and cultural fields.
c. It ensures the freedom to participate in scientific activities and recognizes the
benefits derived from developing scientific and cultural fields. Pursuers of science
will be supported and protected.
2. The challenge with this document is there are still people who cannot access these
economical rights. A way to overcome this is to provide more job opportunities for the
marginalized group and lower class.
1. E. Declaration on Social Progress and Development
a. The proclamation focuses on ways to make sure that human dignity is recognized
and protected when societal growth and development take place.
b. Article 6 proclaims that social progress and development require the participation of
all members of society in productive and socially useful labor and the establishment,
in conformity with human rights and fundamental freedoms and with the principles
 of justice and the social function of property, of forms of ownership of land and of
the means of production which preclude any kind of exploitation of man.
c. With the progress and development of science, it ensures equal rights to property
for all and creates conditions leading to genuine equality among people.
2. The challenge in this document is that while society and science progress and develop,
some groups would be left out and cannot keep up with the advancements because of
economic status. To solve this, the government shall consider even the lowest of classes
in developing the country.
1. F. Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interest of
Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind
a. It serves to underscore the need for political commitment to scientific endeavor and
to the solution of problems at the interface between science and society.
b. Paragraph 1 of the document solemnly proclaims that All States shall promote
international co-operation to ensure that the results of scientific and technological
developments are used in the interests of strengthening international peace and
security, freedom, and independence, and for the purpose of the economic and
social development of peoples and the realization of human rights and freedoms in
accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.
c. It ensures peace, security, and freedom along with the development and
progression of science and technology.
2. A problem with this document is that while we develop science for peace and the
benefit of humankind, there might be people who will misuse the developments made
with science. The code of ethics taken by professionals and the morals of people will be
a guide to develop science for the benefit of humankind.
1. G. Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
a. The main principle of this document is for human dignity, human rights, and
fundamental freedoms must be fully respected. It prioritizes the interest and welfare
of the people over the sole interest of science or society.
b. Article 4 of this document states that in applying and advancing scientific
knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, direct and indirect
benefits to patients, research participants and other affected individuals should be
maximized and any harm to such individuals should be minimized.
c. Human rights are protected with this document by ensuring that in applying science
to medical practices, health hazards and risks must be as little as possible.
2. A challenge in implementing this is some medical practices are not always one hundred
percent safe for people and contains major risks, but patients do not have any choice
because it is the only treatment available at present developments of science and
technology in the field of medicine. A way to overcome this is to further develop
medical technology and research.
1. H. The Declaration of Dakar
a. It is a high-level forum or discussion on Financing for Development on Africa.
b. Paragraph 4 states that the Science Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa is
adopted and the intellectual property of the people would be protected.
 c. The document ensure to protect the intellectual property of Africans and will
provide financial supports for science and technology development and research.
2. A problem with the implementation of this document is the declining Official
Development Assistance of the developed countries related to this document. To
overcome this, countries were urged to make an effort to reach the target of 0.7
percent ODA.
1. I. The Cairo Declaration
a. It aligns with the UDHR and it serves as a general guidance for the Organization of
Islamic Cooperation Member States in the field of human rights.
b. Article 16 proclaims that everyone shall have the right to enjoy the fruits of his
scientific, literary, artistic or technical labor of which he is the author; and he shall
have the right to the protection of his moral and material interests stemming
therefrom, provided it is not contrary to the principles of the Shari’ah.
c. This document gives the Muslims the freedom to participate in scientific activities as
long as they do not contradict any of their religion’s belief.
2. The challenges in implementing the contents of this document is the contradiction of
some practices for development with their beliefs. The culture and beliefs of a country
can greatly affect its development. A way to overcome this is to find the balance or the
middle ground where development is possible while still respecting the religion.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 4. Reflection

1. What dilemmas are posed by robotics?

The development of robotics is the representation of the future of technology. But many dilemmas arise
because of it. It ranges from safety concerns to ethical problems and moral questions. Robots are
programmed to obey three laws and one of them is to not harm a human. It sounds simple but it is
exceedingly difficult because robots cannot completely distinguish humans from things they look like
such as statues and chimpanzees. Moreover, if the robot causes a problem, there is a debate for who to
blame. Is it the programmer or developer who made the robot? Is it the user who commands the robot?
Or is it the robot itself?

2. Using a human rights-based approach to science and technology, how can we solve
these problems or issues?
To solves these problems and issues, the scientists and engineers developing robotics technology should
consult or work with human rights lawyers as well as ethicists so that there will be a framework followed
throughout the process of making robots that will be of benefit of everyone.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 5. Reflection

1. What dilemmas are posed by technology?

The development of technology comes with environmental degradation. This was hastened by the
Industrial Revolution. The carbon emission increased, and it damaged the atmosphere. Although
technology has benefits to humans, it harms the planet that shelters us. Moreover, because of the
inventions of machines that replace human labor, job opportunities for factories and manufacturing
have decreased.
 2. Using a human rights-based approach to science and technology, how can we solve
these problems or issues?
By having a human rights-based framework to follow in developing technology, the environment, which
is the main resource of humans, will also be protected. Various environmental policies and labor force
protection programs that secure workers' jobs were implemented.

3. Do you agree with the contents of Carr’s article? Why or why not?
Carr’s article provided insights that may be true for others, but it is not for all. I agree with it because I
can relate to it. I have experienced the same things that were stated in his article. I loved reading books
when I was a child. But now, I could not even finish reading a paragraph without getting distracted or
bored. It greatly affected my love for seeking knowledge and new information because when it is
handed to you so easily, it does not give the same satisfaction as when you work hard to study it.

4. What specific dilemma does Carr’s article present? How can we solve these problems?
Technology has provided us comfort and convenience but that also brings forth the dilemma of over
dependency on technology. Because of the convenience that technology gives, it makes people lazy in
both physical and mental aspects. An example of this concerns the internet. Because of the easy access
to information, people would not use their minds in a way that they are fed knowledge, but they do not
digest it. This causes the functionality of people to decline. Going to school or university can solve this
problem because the information given to you is deeper than the surface level knowledge that one click
on the internet provides. Another way to solve this varies for every person because he or she should be
learning and reading about things that they are passionate about which will keep them motivated to
work their minds.
GE 6 ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION #6 (MODULE 9 AND 10)
POINTS: 80/100
MODULE 9
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Based on the pictures, the idea is that robots are becoming more like humans and that they might
replace us.
1. Is there a possibility for a future where humans will cease to exist and will be replaced
by robots? Why or why not?
Robots were created to help humans and there were laws or rules that robots were programmed to
obey. The possibility of humanity’s extinction and would be replaced by robots is very low. Robots
cannot fully replace humans because there are human attributes that cannot be programmed into
robots such as emotions and creative thinking because those are subjective. The data that can be
downloaded to robots are only objective.

2. Can you even call the earth “world” after human extinction?
By definition, world is the earth and all the people and things upon it. A planet can only be considered a
world if it has its people. Earth is a world because it has its people, the humans. If humans become
extinct, Earth will loose its people. Therefore, it will not be a world anymore. It will simply be a planet.

3. Do you think technology can eventually take control of humanity?

Humans are already slaves of technology because we are addicted to our cellphones, devices and the
internet. However, technology cannot take control of humanity because we are the ones who develop
and program it. Additionally, artificial intelligence and robots lack creative thought and skills so it cannot
entirely replace humans.

4. Is there a possibility for a future where humans will cease to exist because of medical
breakthroughs that resulted to drug-resistant viruses?
I think it is possible for humans to be extinct due to medical breakthroughs that resulted to drug-
resistant viruses. Take COVID-19 as an example. It spread across the globe and killed millions of people.
It took a year to develop the cure and then another year to mass produce and distribute it. The world is
still full of undiscovered things so it is not impossible for a drug-resistant virus to emerge in the future.

5. Do you think that this occurrence might be prevented? If so, how?

We can be infected by virus because of poor hygiene, filthy surroundings, and our diet. If we can
maintain good hygiene and diet and a clean environment, then we will not be easily infected by a virus.
The origin of COVID-19 was said to be a bat soup. Some even speculate that it was a bio-weapon
developed by the Chinese government. So if we can avoid eating strange food or actually developing a
virus, then we can prevent discovering a drug-resistant virus.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. Discussion Questions

1. Explain the positive and negative impacts of GNR technologies. What moral or ethical
issues and safety concerns do they pose?
Genetic engineering is being used to increase our food supply. Crops and livestock are genetically
modified to make them grow faster, stronger, and lessen the costs in growing them without sacrificing
their quality. Nanotechnology can lower the costs of producing electricity, improve medical technology,
and make faster computers. Robotics can improve the quality of work and shorten the amount of time
needed to do a task. Robots do not get distracted and they can work even in hazardous environments
which increases the efficiency of work. However, through genetic engineering, deadly pathogens can
also be made. One can alter foods that can easily trigger allergic reactions. Health problems and
dangerous weapons can also rise because of nanotechnology. A decrease in employment can be an
effect of nanotechnology and robotics. A robot is programmable which means its behavior is based on
how one designed it. GNR technologies are powerful. It poses great danger if a professional chose to
utilize his/her knowledge to harm people. The abuse and misuse of these technologies can bring
disasters.

2. We know by now that any technology may be dangerous. However, Joy was much
more worried about GNR technologies compared to other technologies. What were
the reasons for these great concerns?
All technologies are dangerous. GNR technologies are the most concerning. Due to their potential to
self-replicate, it makes them more dangerous than other technologies like nuclear, chemical or
biological weapons since those require rare raw materials and are very expensive to make. In developing
GNR technology, you only need the knowledge create it because the materials are not difficult to find.
This poses danger if a person who wants to harm people gets a hold of that kind of knowledge.
3. Explain how we will lose our humanity and purpose of life whether we retain control
of decision-making or give this capability to technology.
Finding a way to be immortal prompt the development of robotics. Human data can be downloaded to a
robot or humans might even merge with robots. If so, can you still consider yourself a human? You
would become a machine, programmable. You can hardly call that living. Additionally, if we let the
robots decide on their own, they can self-replicate. This can lead to human extinction or machines
reigning over humans.

4. Do you believe in the opinions of Joy? Why or why not?

I think Joy has great points in his article. He is very open to different possibilities which can help address
issues. However, I think his opinions are still far fetched in the future.

5. What solutions can you propose as to not reach what he predicts might happen?
Science and technology developers must have a moral and ethical guide and people must know where
to draw the line in pursuing and advancing science.

6. Some people accuse of Joy of being a neo-Luddite, something which he denied in his
article. What is a neo-Luddite? Based from Joy’s article, do you think that he is a neo-
Luddite? Why or why not?
Neo-luddite is one who opposes technology. They call for stopping of developing new technologies. I do
not think that he is a neo-luddite. He is just expressing his concerns about the dangers of GNR
technologies. He did not say that he wants every technological advancement to stop. Joy only wants to
shed light on the possibilities of GNR technologies to cause human extinction if it was more and more
developed.

7. A. What three concepts from the article will you never forget?
The concept of immortalization through robots stood out to me. I was also intrigued by thought of
robots deciding on their own. I will also never forget the idea of genetically engineering humans with
different species. That could make sci-fi characters real or just end up in a horrible way.

B. What three realizations did you have after reading the article?
Before reading the article I thought that developing technologies would just lead to a more prosperous
and civilized society. I am aware that technologies pose danger to us but I did not even think of the
possibility of human extinction because of technological advancements. However after reading, I can
now say that I learned to open my mind even more to countless possibilities and that I should enjoy
what we have now because the future is uncertain.

C. What three things are still unclear to you after reading the article?
I am still confused about the merging of humans and robots. Would I still have my consciousness and
make my own decisions or would the program do that for me? I am still unclear of the reason why
robots would rule over us. If we download our data to robotic bodies, that would immortalize us.
However, robots do not feel anything which is the essence of being alive. So can we still say that you are
immortal in that sense?

MODULE 10
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.

Write a 300 – 500-word paper discussing the impact of information revolution to you.

Information revolution has led to many scientific and technological advancements. Today, we
live in a digital world and information revolution is the backbone of it. Appliances and various devices
changed how we live.
Whenever I complain about the things we have at home, my parents would always tell me about
how different their lives were when they were kids. They told me they rarely got a chance to take a
photo because they did not have phones installed with cameras. The only way to take your photo is if
you have a camera which were owned by the rich families only or if you hire a photographer. Generally,
taking even a single photo was expensive but today, it is not so difficult anymore. Through their stories
do I only realize how lucky I am to be born and live in this era.
The greatest work of information revolution and the most widespread is the internet. As a
student, the development of the internet has been a huge help. Before, access to books, information,
and knowledge were limited. But now, I can learn something with the use of Google and even watching
educational videos on YouTube. It saves me the time of going to a library, searching for the right book,
and looking for the particular pages that contain the topic that I want to study. I can also check my paper
using different websites which makes the quality of my work better. Devices like laptops and even
cellphones have helped me to become more organized with my notes and that made it easier for me to
study especially for exams unlike when I write it physically using a pen and paper because my hand
writing is terrible. The information revolution has made gaining knowledge convenient, less time
consuming, cheaper, and more efficient.
GE 6 WRITTEN ACTIVITY
POINTS: 83/100

1. Do you think thought experiment is still useful in science in the present time?
- Thought experiment is a mental concept that tests a hypothesis without conducting
an actual experiment. Great scientists like Einstein used this approach in formulating
the theory of relativity. This type of experiment is still useful in science in the
present time because there are cases where physical experiments cannot be
conducted. It is also important to use thought experiments to perfect a theory
because it includes every factor and possibility regarding the topic or question, even
the densest of ideas. It helps in recognizing the gap and loopholes of a study.
-
2. Do you think the Church should intervene in scientific activities and government
policies?
- Times have changed and the view and purpose of a church have changed with it as
well. Nowadays, churches lean towards teaching moral and ethical lessons. I think
the church should intervene in scientific activities and government policies but not in
the way that everything should revolve around religious or church beliefs. Instead,
the church should be a moral guide for people conducting scientific activities and
implementing government policies.
-
3. How Darwin's evolutionary theory influence the following fields in modern times?
Economy, Agriculture, Medicine, Religion, and Research.
Darwin’s theory of evolution states that organisms evolve by developing traits
they need to survive in their environment. This principle was applied to economics. It
can be seen in capitalism as it is also an evolutionary process of development of
patterns regarding the relationship between entities and other factors that affect the
economy.
Agriculture also shows the idea of Darwin’s theory. Animals are not the only
ones that evolve. Plants undergo evolution as well. Some evolve on their own to survive
in a different environment while some are genetically modified by humans. This is done
so that crops can still grow even in a different environment.

The Theory of Evolution defies and contradicts the Church’s beliefs. However,
when people started to accept Darwin’s theory, the shift from religious beliefs to
scientific facts was slowly happening. The purpose of the church is also changing.
Instead of explaining different natural phenomena or how the world came to be, it is
now more focused on values, morals, and ethics.
Darwin’s theory changed the way people think. It made people realize that there
may be an actual answer to their questions and not just the short cut explanation from
the church. Before, people would not oppose the ideas of the church since they thought
it was “absolute,” but when Darwin took a different path and succeeded, other
 scientists were encouraged and followed him. Because of this, many research and
discoveries were made.
4. How did society shape science and how did science shape society?
- Science and society are always intertwined. Society, its characteristics, and current
issues will prompt the development of science and technology in that area. Science
finds answers and solves the problems of a society while society will find new ways
to utilize science and incorporate it in their lives.
-
5. How can science influence government policies?
- A government runs and manages a society. When society encounters an issue, the
role of the government is to fix or at least lessen the problem. Information can be
gained through science and research. Science provides data, whether positive or
negative, which the leaders of society will use to improve the country. For example,
scientific studies have discovered that global warming and climate change are a
tremendous threat to society. Because of that, the government of the Philippines
developed the Clean Air Act which is a policy and program that aims to achieve and
maintain healthy air for all Filipinos. Another example is the need for the country of
a more developed science and technology. DOST was established which funds
scientific research and offers scholarships to students who pursue a science and
technology related course.

6. How does Science High Schools and Science, Technology and Engineering (STE)
Program shape science and technology in the Philippines?
- Science High Schools and STE provide more in-depth knowledge about science and
technology to students compared to normal schools. This improves the science
literacy of students. The establishment of these programs prompts the birth of
another Filipino inventor.
 QUIZZES

GE 6 MIDTERM QUIZ #2
SCORE: 43/50

GE 6 FINAL QUIZ #1
SCORE: 45/50
Lecture Notes
Midterm and Final Examination Results
MIDTERM EXAM
SCORE: 42/50
Acknowledgement Receipts for Course
Guide/Syllabi and IDP
Documentation and Narrative Report of
Student Performances
 Documentation: Charade Performance Task Group 5

The activity really worked our brain out.

Documentation: Activity for modules 3, 4, and 5

In this activity, we were asked to rate the members. We didn’t want to throw anyone under the
bus so we all wanted to take the last place lol.
 Documentation: Answering Session 1

Documentation: Answering Session 2

It took me hours to finish this drawing and my hands went numb because the color pencils I used
were old and not as pigmented as they used to be so I really had to GET it there.
Documentation: Signing the Acknowledgement Receipt of Syllabi or Course Guide