Electrical Installations
8034104-3
Lecture 6
Electrical installations Lecture 6 1
Sockets Design
1- Sockets Types:
Electrical plugs and sockets available in different :
• voltage and current rating
• shape
• size
• type of connectors.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 2
Sockets Design
1- Sockets Types:
• Sockets types can be classified mainly into:
1- Normal Socket (Single or Double ) (max 10 / circuit)
2- Power Socket (1-4 / circuit)
3- UPS Socket
4- Weather proof Socket
Electrical installations Lecture 6 3
Sockets Design
2- Sockets mounting:
Height : 30:40 cm or 120:130 cm
Inside a room :
The distance Between two sockets should be less than 4 m
Corridors :
The distance Between two sockets should be less than 6 m
Electrical installations Lecture 6 4
Sockets Design
3- Wiring of Sockets:
• The load of sockets circuit should not exceed 2000 VA
Electrical installations Lecture 6 5
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 6
Switch Board Design
Switch boards (one or more panels):
The equipment through which bus bars are fed by the electric power
and feeders feeding the different loads.
A- Main functions:
Switching and indicating several values such as current, power,
voltage.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 7
Switch Board Design
B- Required Instruments and devices:
1. Measuring instruments such as ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, and kilowatt-
hour meters
2. Measuring transformers (current transformer and potential transformers)
3. Switching devices (circuit breakers , air switch and Fuses).
4- Indicating devices (lamps and measuring instruments)
5- Some switch boards including the relaying system required for protection.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 8
Switch Board Design
C- Requirements for design of Switchboards:
1. Single wire diagram:
The brief description for the main circuit of the switch board (inputs to
outputs).
2. Three Wire Diagram:
The three phases as well as the neutral must be allocated and all devices
must be shown.
[Link] Board Layout:
The overall layout of the front part of the board.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 9
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 10
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 11
Switch Board Design
D- Panel board Construction:
1- Can (box/enclosure) :
The can is constructed of galvanized steel and houses the other
components.
2- Interior:
The interior consists of several components (over current protection
devices, bus bars and insulated neutral bus bars)
3- Bus Bars:
A bus bar (aluminum/copper) is a conductor that serves as a common
connection for circuits.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 12
Switch Board Design
D- Panel board Construction:
4- Circuit Protection:
Plug-in branch circuit breakers used in panel boards for commercial and
industrial applications
5- Circuit Identification:
Odd numbers for poles on board's right and even numbers on the board's
left. Label identifies the board's type, voltage rating, and capacity
Electrical installations Lecture 6 13
Switch Board Design
E- Dead Front and Trim
The dead front and trim are the front surfaces of the panel board that
cover the interior. The trim includes an access door.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 14
Switch Board Design
F- Types of main distribution board
1- Lighting distribution board
♦ Maximum rating for the final circuit of light is 2000 VA which
connected to the board by a feeder of 1.5mm^2 cross section area
through 10A miniature circuit breaker.
♦ Number of light distribution board in each zone depend on the
quantity of lighting use
Electrical installations Lecture 6 15
Switch Board Design
F- Types of main distribution board
2- Power distribution board
♦ aboard which considered as assembly of switch fuses for large
motors and equipment, protected by a miniature circuit breaker of
rated above 15 ampere
Electrical installations Lecture 6 16
Switch Board Design
F- Types of main distribution board
3- Emergency distribution board
♦ a board which contain important & critical loads to ensure
continuity of power supplied even if the main source interrupted
Electrical installations Lecture 6 17
Switch Board Design
G- Panel Balancing
For proper design, the total percentage unbalance must not
exceed 10%
%Unbalance= (Maximum deviation from average)/ (Average phase loading )× 100%
Electrical installations Lecture 6 18
Switch Board Design
National standards commonly recommend the subdivision of circuits
according to the number of utilization categories:
• At least 1 circuit for lighting. Each circuit supplying a maximum
of 8 lighting points
• At least 1 circuit for socket-outlets rated 10/16 A, each circuit
supplying a maximum of 8 sockets. These sockets may be single
or double units (a double unit is made up of two 10/16 A sockets)
Electrical installations Lecture 6 19
Switch Board Design
National standards commonly recommend the subdivision of circuits
according to the number of utilization categories:
• At least 1 circuit for each appliance such as water heater,
washing machine, dish-washing machine, cooker, refrigerator,
etc.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 20
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 21
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 22
Switch Board Design
Example:
Determine the percentage unbalance for the following three phase
panel with tabulated loads of 120A, 80A, and 135A on each of the
panel bus bars.
Electrical installations Lecture 6 23
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 24
Sockets Design
Example 4:
Calculate the circuit current and distribute the load, make sure the load is balanced.
The house contains the loads shown in the table, the operating phase voltage is 220
volt.
Name Type Rated power Power Factor
per unit
Heater Three phase 12 KW unity
Refrigerator Three phase 3 KW 0.8 lag
Water heater Single phase 2 KW unity
Mixer 1 Single phase 2 KW 0.7 lag
Mixer 2 Single phase 3 KW 0.8 lag
Mixer 3 Single phase 1 KW 0.7 lag
Electrical installations Lecture 6 25
Switch Board Design
Electrical installations Lecture 6 26
