Research IV _Qtr 3 __ Week 3

Learning Competency
Utilize appropriate statistical tool in analyzing data
Week 3 __Day 1 Standard Deviation
Objectives
1.Define standard deviation
2.Solve sample problems about SD
Introduction
The last discussion focused on measures of central tendency. How-
Ever , not all features of a given data set may be reflected.

Group 1 Group 2
Mean 14 14
Median 14 14
Mode 14 14
Midrange 14.5 12

Observe the 2 groups. Same or different? For the measures of central

tendency, same for both groups. Different for midrange. Midrange is a
characteristic of variability. Variation shows how scattered the data is.
Group 2 has more scattered data than group 1.

Let’s Recall
Find the weighted mean price of the 3 models of chest freezer..
The model price and number of sets sold are given below:
Model Number Price (php)
A 8 13000
B 10 11 700
C 12 9000
Weighted mean price = ________
Let’s Understand
The standard deviation is the most commonly used measure of
Variation. The standard deviation indicates how closely the values
Of a given data set are clustered around the mean. A lower value
Of the SD means that the values are spread over a smaller range
Around the mean. A large value of the SD means that values of
That data set are spread over a larger range around the mean.
 In words , sigma squared equals summation of the quantity x
Minus µ(myu) square all over number of population. That is the variance.
Sigma
Or standard deviation equals square root of summation of the quantity
X minus µ square all over population mean.
Let’s Apply
The final exam scores of 5 students were 80, 88, 90,92 and 85.
Determine the variance and standard deviation.
Find the mean(µ).
µ = ∑x = 80 +88 +90 + 92 + 85 =
N 5

Subtract the mean from each individual score. (x-µ)

Score (x-µ) (x-µ)2
88
80
92
90
85
Square each of the differences (x-µ)2
Get the sum of (x-µ)2 =
Divide the sum by N.
Sigma square = ∑ ( X - µ )2
N
 𝑆𝐷 = √∑( 𝑋 − µ)2 =
N

Let’s Analyze
Let us try the short cut for SD. Use the same set of values in Let’s
Apply:

S2 = n ∑ x2 ─ ( ∑ x)2 where s2 is the variance.

n(n – 1 )

s = √𝑠 2 where s is the SD.

Please show your solution. Encircle final answer. ( For (
∑X)2 ,
Add all values then square the sum. For ∑ X2 , square all values first the get
the sum. )

Week 3 _Day 2.Standard deviation/ Variance

Objectives
1. Interpret what the SD application means
2. Solve SD/Variance of sample problems
Introduction
The variance is particularly useful in advanced statistical analysis, it
is not very Popular as a measure of variation because the way it is
expressed - squared. We still need to get back to the original unit,
we must extract the principal square root. Then we now have the
Standard deviation which is the most reliable measure of variation.

Let’s Recall
1. N ; population : ____ ; sample
2. ∑ ; summation : _____ ; mu
3. Variance; sigma squared : standard deviation : ____________
4. ÷ ; Division : _____ ; multiplication

Let’s Understand
When the standard deviation is small , it means that the scores are
grouped closely
 Around the mean of the distribution. If the scores are spread out
from the mean, the Standard deviation will take on a large value
The SD is the most important measure of variation.
When we know the SD we can determine the position of the scores
in a Frequency distribution in relation to the mean
The variance and the SD are accepted measures of dispersion. It is
always used In discussions and presentations of reports containing
basic statistics. The values can be used directly for analysis and
interpretation
Let’s Apply
Determine the variance SD of the following sample production units
of a certain company:
10 11 9 17 13 15 13 20. Use the short cut method –
also called Raw Data Method. Show your solution . Encircle
The variance and standard deviation.

Let’s Analyze
Look at the normal curve below. At the center is the mean of the
distribution .
Let’s Apply. Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Going to the right side, state the value given. ______ Where
did I get the value? ( Read the title pls?)
_____________________
2. Look at the left side of the curve. How did I get the value?
_______________
3. What will be my 2nd and 3rd value on the right?
4. What will be my 2nd and 3rd value on the left side?
Week 3 Day 3 Correlation
Objectives
1.Differentiate perfect positive correlation and perfect negative correlation
2. Illustrate a correlation graph
Introduction
Correlation is the process of exploring the relationship or association of variables.
The degree of association is measured by a correlation coefficient. ( r ). Correlation
Means that the 2 variables tend to vary together. The presence of one indicates the
Presence of the other. The degree of relationship is expressed into : Perfect
Correlation .Some degree of correlation and no correlation.
Let’s Recall
Recite the formula for standard deviation .Use the raw data formula.
1. What is n?
2. How do I compute ∑X2 ?
3. How do I compute (∑ X)2 ?
4. How do I get the standard deviation?
Let’s Understand
Paired variables x and y are also called bivariates.The relationships of X and Y is
The interest of researchers. Example - educational researchers correlates school
Preference for college and their job placements . In statistics, correlation is
Usually referred as coefficient of correlation or r. The r has a story to tell .Example
Is the weight -length relationship of milkfish has a coefficient correlation (r) of
0.95, very high relationship. This means that the heavier the milkfish, the longer
It is.
A perfect positive correlation having a value of +1 rarely occurs. This denotes
That all variables under X and Y have the same position and all points are in a
Straight line. A perfect negative correlation having a value -1 is also rare . Scores
In in Test Y is the exact opposite in y. X increases , Y decreases.

Let’s Apply
Graph these data.
Students 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
X 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Y 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

Have a title for this graph. Use a ruler/pencil. Describe in 2-3 sentences.
Let’s Analyze

Look at the diagram. Answer the questions in complete

sentences.
1.What correlation is shown?
2. Why do you say so?
3. If perfect positive correlation has an r = 1, and perfect negative correlation
Is = -1 , What is the coefficient of correlation in the diagram?

Let’s Evaluate
Read the questions very well. Choose the letter of the best answer.
__1. Which of the given terms is not associated with standard deviation?
A. Mean C. Range
B. Normal Curve D. Variance

__2. When we say standard deviation squared, to what statistical test are we
referring to?
A. Mean C. Regression
B. Median D. Variance

__3. 121 ; 11 : ____ ; 15

A. 110 C. 225
B. 175 D. 315

__4. How do you interpret a small standard deviation?

A. Scores are spread apart. C. Scores are relatively scattered.
B. Scores are near the mean. D. Scores are far apart.

__5. If the mean is 62.28, and sd is 2.2, then what will be the score at 2 SD ?
A. 60.08 C. 64.48
B. 62.28 D. 66.68

__6. Why is the standard deviation a dependable measure to estimate variability

in a population?
A. They are amenable to statistical work.
B. Computations are easier.
C. It is easily understood.
D. The solution is shorter.
__7. How do you measure degree of relationships of variables?
A. Centrality C. Regression
B. Correlation D. Variation

___8. How do you describe positive correlation?

 A. X increases , Y remains constant C. X increases , Y equals zero
B. X decreases, Y increases D. X increases , Y increases

__9. If the value of coefficient correlation is from 0.01 to 0.99, then what is r in
negligible
Correlation?
A. 0 C. 1.0
B. 0.01 D. 1.01

__10. What does correlation measure between bivariates?

A. Possibility of relationship between variables C. Predict the value of a
variable
B. Nature of relationship D. strength of association

Let’s Create
Illustrate the correlation of the bivariates.
Students 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
X 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26
Y 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31

Pls use ruler. Describe the graph in 2-3 sentences.

Rubrics
9 -10 accurate plot of points ; with label ; with title
7-8 some points are off , with label; with title
5-6 some points are off ; no label, with title