Journal of Guizhou University

Vol. 38, No. 6 (Natural Science Edition) Vol.38 No.6

In 2021 November Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ （Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ） Ｎｏｖ．２０２１

Article
number １０００⁃５２６９（２０２１）０６⁃０１０４⁃０５ DOI:10.15958/j.cnki.gdxbzrb.2021.06.16

Construction simulation analysis of long-span steel tube

concrete arch bridge support method
Wang Dewang ∗
(Honghu Highway Administration, Jingzhou 433200, Hubei, China).

Abstract: According to the design documents and construction arrangement , the in-situ assembly and erection
method of the steel pipe arch rib of a certain underbearing steel tube concrete arch bridge with a
span of 220 m is the bracket method, due to the high requirements of the bracket method on the construction
conditions, the in-situ assembly engineering examples of the long-span arch bridge ribs erected by the bracket method
In order to ensure the safety and stability of the arch rib construction support,
are relatively rare.
this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element model based on the finite element software
MIDAS⁃Civil and analyzes the spatial stability and static force under the most unfavorable stress state, and
calculates the displacement, stress and elastic stability coefficients of the support under the wind load and self-weight
of the crossbridge. The calculation results show that the stiffness, strength and stability of the bracket meet the design
and specification requirements, the wind load of the cross bridge has little influence onthe stability of the
bracket, and the self-weight of the arch rib and the bracket are the control loads of the lateral stability of the bracket.
Keywords: arch bridge; bridge construction; finite element analysis; Arch bridge ribs
Classification number: TU745 Document identification code: A
[6].
small and the construction conditions are better When
the steel tube concrete arch bridge with a large span is
In recent years, steel tube concrete arch bridges have
constructed by the bracket method, due to the large vector
been widely used due to their advantages of high strength,
height and span diameter of the arch bridge [7], the
light weight, beautiful shape and simple construction [1].
bracket is easy to deform and affect the axis of the arch
When the span of the steel pipe concrete arch bridge is
rib [8], and the safety and stability of the bracket are also a
greater than 100 m, the unsupported method can be
great challenge. Relying on a steel tube concrete arch
divided into cable hoisting method, rotating construction
[2]. bridge as an engineering example, this paper simulates
method and cantilever method The cable hoisting
and analyzes the stiffness, strength and stability of
method is a kind of arch bridge construction without
the support during erection based on the finite
support, and it is also one of the main methods of arch
element software MIDAS⁃Civil, and verifies the safety
bridge self-erection. The turning construction method is to
of the construction support.
divide the arch circle or the entire superstructure into two
semi-arches, adopt terrain or simple support construction
1 . Project overview
A prestressed coagulation with a span of 60 m +220
or prefabricated half-arches on both sides of the river m +60 m
channel, and use power units to turn the two half-arches to
the axis position of the arch bridge [3⁃4] . The bracket
Received: 2021⁃04⁃15
method is to use steel and other components to
form an arch frame, and then pour the main arch
circle of the upper part of the arch , or build the
upper part of the arch according to the design plan, and
finally drop the frame and complete the construction of
other parts. This method has the advantages of strong
operability, simple construction and easy control of the
arch axis [5], but the bracket method is often used when
the arch rib is close to the ground, the span diameter is
 2 . Finite element modeling
The soil continuous rigid flexible arch composite The bridge construction bracket is mainly lattice steel pipe
bridge adopts under-bearing steel tube concrete column, the size is 25m×25m and 3m×2m, a total of 4 Q235B
Stiffening. The length of the main and side span imbalance is
steel pipes, the wall thickness and diameter of the steel pipe are 5
[9].
30 m, which is relatively rare in China According to the
mm and 425 mm respectively . The whole bridge has a
bridge design documents and on-site construction
total of 40 lattice steel pipe columns, the lateral spacing of
arrangement, the construction method selected for this arch
bridge is first beam and then arch. The main beam adopts a
the columns is 7 5 m, the longitudinal spacing is 5 8 ~ 7

three-way concrete prestressed structure, which is a box 9 m, and the center and span of the bridge deck are symmetrically

girder with variable section, variable height and single box arranged. After analysis, it can be seen that the most unfavorable

and single chamber.The width of the top plate of the stress state of the stent is when the stent assembly is completed
box girder is 13 0 m , and the width of the bottom of the but not yet closed. Based on the finite element software
box is 9 7 m. The height of the span middle beam is MIDAS⁃Civil to establish the simulation model, in
4 6 m, the beam height at the side fulcrum is 5 2 m , order to simplify the finite element model and reduce the
and the beam height at the middle pier is 11 2 m. The end of
calculation time, using the symmetry of the model and load
the side span and the middle of the span are equal height [10⁃14]
, half of the bracket and arch rib model was established.
girder sections, which are 7 5 m and 15 6 m, respectively
The designed model is mainly based on beam elements, with a
. The stiffened steel pipe of the arch bridge is a steel pipe
total of 4 632 elements
parallel arch rib, the vector height and span are 40 m
and 220 m, the vector span ratio is 0 182, the construction
arch axis is a secondary parabola, and the design axis
equation is Y = - X2 ／ ２４５ ＋ ０ ８２Ｘ 。
Fund: Hubei Provincial Department of Transport (2017⁃395⁃02).
About author:: Wang Dewang(1976—), Senior Engineer, Master's degree, Research direction: Road and Bridge Architecture, Building Construction, E⁃mail:tingtcc056@sina.com

∗ Corresponding author: Wang Dewang, E⁃mail:tingtcc056@sina.com

The 6th issue Wang Dewang:
arch bridge support method １０５·
3 012 nodes, the finite element model is shown in
Figure 1 .
Figure 1 Finite element model of arch rib and bracket
Ｆｉｇ．１ Ｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｏｆ ａｒｃｈ ｒｉｂ ａｎｄ ｓｕｐｐｏｒ
ｔ
In this paper, the following two working
conditions are considered when performing the finite
element simulation calculation: working case 1 only
considers the self-weight of the bracket and the self-
weight of the arch rib; Working case 2: Consider the
self-weight of the support and the self-weight of the
arch ribs + the wind load of the crossbridge.
Construction simulation analysis of long-span steel tube concrete
3. Analysis of finite element calculation
results
Through the analysis of the numerical
simulation calculation results, it can be seen that
when the arch ribs of the long-span arch bridge are
constructed in situ by the bracket method, it is
necessary to focus on the stability of the bracket
itself and its influence on the arch axis. In this paper,
the finite element software MIDAS⁃Civil is used to
evaluate the safety of the construction by performing
static analysis and spatial stability analysis of the
support.
3 1 Static analysis
According to the results of the finite element
calculation, the working case 1 static analysis results Table
1 and Figure 2 can be obtained. It can be seen from the
chart that the maximum compressive stress value of the
support stress is 24 44 MPa , which is less than 190
MPa (allowable stress value), and its position is at the top
distribution beam of the first group of lattice columns.
The maximum vertical displacement is 2 12 mm, and the
downward displacement occurs at the longitudinal flat
joint at the top of the 9th and 10th lattice columns. The
maximum lateral displacement is shifted to the outer
sides of the bridge, with a maximum value of 0 53 mm,
which appears on top of the span bracket.
 Figure 2 Working condition 1 Calculation results of finite element of brackets
Ｆｉｇ．２ Ｔｈｅ ｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｆｏｒ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ １

According to the finite element calculation results, the
working case 2 static analysis results can be obtained
Table 1 and Figure 3. As can be seen from the
diagram, the maximum compressive stress of the stent
is
MPa, much less than 190 MPa (allowable stress value),
１１１ ７７ appears
The horizontal horizontal connection of the
steel pipe at the bottom of the formation
In 1st column. Vertical displacement
The direction of the maximum value is downward
conjugation, the maximum value is 2 33 mm, out
The current position is the longitudinal flat connection at
the top of the grid column of groups 9 and 10.
The maximum lateral displacement is 28 95 mm in a
leeward direction
bit, which appears at the top of the span bracket.
 · １０６· Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 38

Fig.3 Working condition 2 Calculation

results of finite element of brackets
Ｆｉｇ．３ Ｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｏｆ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｆｏｒ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ２
Stress and displacement data of the
corresponding bracket under each
Table 1 working condition
Ｔａｂ．１ Ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ ａｎｄ ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ ｄａｔａ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｂｒａｃｋｅｔ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ
Working Transverse
conditions Stress/MPa Vertical displacement/mm displacement/mm
minimum maximum minimum maximum minimum maximum
１ －２４ ４４ ２０ ２３ －２ １２ ０ －０ ５３ ０ ５３
２ －１１１ ７７ ８２ ９５ －２ ３３ ０ ３３ ０ ２８ ９５
Note: The negative value of stress is compressive stress, the negative value of vertical displacement is downward displacement,
and the negative value of lateral displacement is lateral displacement.
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ

32 buckling analysis Worki Modal

ng
Buckling analysis, that is, spatial stability analysis, condit
[15⁃17] ions
empty point stability analysis for the bracket , the Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5
１ ３４ ２３ ３９ ９９ ４４ ２１ ４７ ９０ ４８ ６１
elastic stability coefficient of out-of-plane instability
２ ３４ ２３ ３９ ８５ ４４ １０ ４７ ０９ ４８ ３５
failure of group 9 lattice columns in the 1st mode
case 1 and working case 2 is 34 23, That is, the critical
load is 34 23 times the sum of the self-weight of the
support and the arch rib. The elastic stability
coefficients of different working conditions at different
stages are shown in Table 2.
Elastic stability coefficient
corresponding to different
Table 2 working conditions
Ｔａｂ．２ Ｅｌａｓｔｉｃ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ ｖａｌｕｅｓ
 It can be seen from Table 2 that the critical load
coefficients of the 1st-5th order modes
corresponding to working cases 1 and 2 are much
greater than 4 (the design limit required by the
specification). Therefore, the stability of the
construction bracket in this scheme can be
demonstrated, and it is possible to meet the
specifications and safety requirements. In addition,
the wind load of the cross bridge has little effect on
the stability of the support, and the self-weight of the
arch rib and the support is the control load of the
lateral stability of the bracket.
4 Conclusion
When the in-situ assembly and erection of the
steel tube concrete arch bridge with a large span is
carried out by the bracket method, the rigidity, strength
and stability of the construction bracket are particularly
critical to the safety of the construction. In order to
verify the feasibility of the construction method, this
paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element
model based on the finite element software
MIDAS⁃Civil, and analyzes the static force and
stability of the construction support
1) Under the self-weight condition (working condition 1),
the maximum stress of the bracket is
Phase 6 Wang Dewang: Construction simulation analysis of long-span steel tube concrete arch
bridge support method １０７·
steel tube concrete arch bridge[J]. Journal of Harbin
24 44 MPa, maximum vertical and lateral displacement values of Institute of Technology, 2020, 52(3): 82⁃89
2 12 mm and 0 53 mm, respectively , stability coefficient
of 34 23. Considering the wind load condition of the cross bridge
(working case 2), the maximum stress value of the support is 111
77 MPa, the maximum vertical and lateral displacement values
are 2 33 mm and 28 95 mm, respectively, and the stability
coefficient is 34 23 . Therefore, it can be seen that the arch
bridge construction bracket meets the design and specification
requirements in terms of stiffness, strength and stability, which
can ensure the safety of on-site construction.
2) The wind load of the cross bridge has little
effect on the lateral stability of the construction
support, but has a greater impact on its stress and
displacement, so temporary windproof measures
should be adopted during the construction process
and the connection between the steel pipes of the
lattice column should be strengthened, so as to
improve the wind resistance of the arch rib in the key
construction stage and reduce the lateral
displacement, so as to ensure the arch axis shape and
construction safety of the arch rib in the construction
process.
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 · １０８· Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 38

Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｏｎ Ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｌｏｎｇ⁃ｓｐａｎ Ｃ

ｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ⁃ｆｉｌｌｅｄＳｔｅｅｌ Ｔｕｂｅ Ａｒｃｈ Ｂｒｉｄｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ Ｂｒａｃｋｅｔ

Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ

ＷＡＮＧ Ｄｅｗａｎｇ∗
（Ｈｏｎｇｈｕ Ｈｉｇｈｗａｙ Ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｈｕｂｅｉ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ， Ｊｉｎｇｚｈｏｕ ４３３２００， Ｃｈｉｎａ）

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ： Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｌａｙｏｕｔ， ｔｈｅ ｉｎｓｉｔｕ ｅｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｅｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｏｆ

ｓｔｅｅｌ ｔｕｂｅ ａｒｃｈ ｒｉｂｓ ｏｆ ａ ２２０ ｍｓｐａｎ ｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ⁃ｆｉｌｌｅｄ ｓｔｅｅｌ ｔｕｂｅ ａｒｃｈ ｂｒｉｄｇｅ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｂｒａｃｋｅｔ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ． Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｔｈｅ

ｂｒａｃｋｅｔ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓ ｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｒ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ， Ａｔ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ， ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｆｅｗ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｓｉｔｕ ｅｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ

ｌｏｎｇ ｓｐａｎ ａｒｃｈ ｂｒｉｄｇｅ ｒｉｂｓ ｂｙ ｂｒａｃｋｅｔ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ． Ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｅｎｓｕｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｓａｆｅｔｙ ａｎｄ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｒｃｈ ｒｉｂ

ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ， ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｓ ａ ｔｈｒｅｅ⁃ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌ ｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ ＭＩＤＡＳ⁃Ｃｉ

ｖｉｌ， ａｎａｌｙｚｅｓ ｉｔｓ ｓｐａｔｉａｌ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｓｔａｔｉｃ ｆｏｒｃｅ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｕｎｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ ｓｔａｔｅ， ａｎｄｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ， ｓｔｒｅ

ｓｓ ａｎｄ ｅｌａｓｔｉｃ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｎｓｖｅｒｓｅ ｂｒｉｄｇｅ ｗｉｎｄ

ｌｏａｄ ａｎｄ ｄｅａｄ ｗｅｉｇｈｔ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ． Ｔｈｅ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｉｆｆｎｅｓｓ， ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ａｎｄ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｍｅｅｔ ｔｈｅ ｄｅ

ｓｉｇｎ ａｎｄ ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ， ｔｈｅ ｌａｔｅｒａｌ ｗｉｎｄ ｌｏａｄ ｈａｓ ｌｉｔｔｌｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ

ｔｈｅ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｌｆ⁃ｗｅｉｇｈｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｒｃｈ ｒｉｂ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｉｓ ｔ
ｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｌｏａｄ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｌａｔｅｒａｌ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ．
Ｋｅｙ ｗｏｒｄｓ： ａｒｃｈ ｂｒｉｄｇｅ； ｂｒｉｄｇｅ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ； ｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ； ａｒｃｈ ｂｒｉｄｇｅ ｒｉｂ

(Continued from page 91).

Ｓｔｕｄｙ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ Ａｄａｐｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏ

ｆ ＴｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌＤｗｅｌｌｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ Ｄｏｎｇ Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ ｉｎ Ｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔ

Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ

ＺＨＡＮＧ Ｈａｏ， ＷＡＮＧ Ｈｏｎｇ∗ ， ＣＨＥＮ Ｘｕａｎ， ＷＥＩ Ｒａｎ， ＬＩＡＮＧ Ｘｉａｏｐｅｎｇ
（Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｏｆ Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ Ｕｒｂａｎ Ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ，Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕｉｙａｎｇ ５５００２５，Ｃｈｉｎａ）

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ： Ｄｏｎｇ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｈｏｕｓｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ ｅｔｈｎｉｃ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｉｎ ｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔ Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｔ

ｏ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ Ｄｏｎｇ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｈｏｕｓｅｓ ａｎｄ ｌｏｃａｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｈｏｒｔｃｏｍｉｎｇｓ ｏｆＤｏｎ

ｇ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｈｏｕｓｅｓ ｉｎ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ． Ｕｓｉｎｇ ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅ ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ

ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ， ａｎ ａｃｔｕａｌ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｌａｒ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｄｗｅｌｌｉｎｇｓ ｉｎ

ｆｉｖｅ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｖｉｌｌａｇｅｓ ｏｆ Ｄｏｎｇ ｅｔｈｎｉｃ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｉｎ Ｑｉａｎｄｏｎｇｎａｎ ｗａｓ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ． ＥｃｏＴｅｃｔ ａｎｄ ＤｅｓｉＢｕｉｌｄｅｒ ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ
ｗｅｒｅ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅ ａｎｄ ａｎａｌｙｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｌａｒ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ， ｔｏ

ｍａｋｅ ｃｌｅａｒ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ ｃｏｍｆｏｒｔ ｏｆ ｄｗｅｌｌｉｎｇｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ．Ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ

ｔｈｅ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ： ＳＳＷ ｔｏ ＮＮＥ；Ｔａｋｉｎｇ ａｌｌ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｉｎｔｏ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ｓｐａｃｉｎｇ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ
ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ３． ９ ａｎｄ ４．５ ｍ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｉａｌ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ ａｒｅ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ ｏｒ ｂｕｉｌｔ， ａｎｄ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ７．８ ａｎｄ

８．５ ｍ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ ａｒｅ ｂｕｉｌｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｗｏ ｆｌｏｏｒｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｏｕｔｄｏｏｒ ｓｐａｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ｆｏｃｕｓｅｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ
ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｐｌａｎｔ ｇｒｅｅｎｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｗａｔｅｒ ｂｏｄｙ ｔｏ ｃｒｅａｔｅ ａ ｓｐａｃｅ ｔｏ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｒｏｃｌｉｍａｔｅ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．

Ｋｅｙ ｗｏｒｄｓ： Ｄｏｎｇ； ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｄｗｅｌｌｉｎｇｓ； ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ； ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ； ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ