OB WARD REVIEWER
12-20 cycles per minute (cpm)\
INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS
-Isotonic IV solutions have the same solute
concentration as blood plasma.
-Hypotonic solutions have a lesser
concentration of solutes than plasma.
-Hypertonic solutions have a greater
concentration of solutes than plasma.
GREEN - PLAIN SALINE SOLUTION -
PINK -D5LR
YELLOW - D5NSS
VIOLET - D5IMB (500ML)
ORANGE - D5NM
LIGHTBLUE - D5 0.5
INTRAVENOUS FLUID CALCULATION
cc/h=
total infusion volume(mL)
Running hours (h)
Drops per minute (gtts/min)=
total time of infusion in minutes
total infusion volume × drop factor
or
total time x drop factor
total infusion 60 minutes
infusion time (hour)=
milliliters per hour being infused(mL/hour)
total volume to infuse(mL)
Running hours =
Total volume
cc/hr
DRUG DOSAGE CALCULATION
Formula=
Desired(D) × Vehicle(V)
On Hand(H)
=amount to administer
VITAL SIGNS NORMAL RANGES
Temperature:
36.5 - 37.5 degree celcius
Hypothermia occurs when you lose more heat
than your body can produce and you feel very
cold.
Hyperthermia occurs when your body produces
more heat than it can lose.
Pulse rate:
60 - 80 beats per minute (bpm)
Tachycardia is a fast heartbeat
Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat
Respiratory rate
Tachypnea is rapid, fast or shallow breathing
Dyspnea is the sensation of shortness of breath,
Blood pressure:
90/60 - 120/80 millimetre(s) of mercury (mmHg)
Hypertension is high blood pressure
Hypotension is low blood pressure
Oxygen saturation:
95 - 100 % SpO2
PLACENTA
Placenta previa
- It is the low implantation of the placenta. Its
different types are – Low-lying placenta previa,
Partial placenta previa, Marginal placenta previa,
Total placenta previa
- In other words, the placental tissue is
implemented completely or partially in the
lower part of the uterus post 20 weeks of
gestation
- Here, the placenta that is abnormally
implanted can completely or partially cover the
cervix
- Bright shade of red and painless
Placenta abruptio
- The placenta is correctly implanted, but the
placenta prematurely separates
- It is the separation of the placenta from the
inner uterine wall before the delivery of the
baby. It is also referred to as abruptio placentae
and placental abruption
- Bleeding is at the decidual-placental interface
of the usually implanted placenta leading to
complete or partial detachment of the placenta
before delivery of the fetus.
- Dark shade of red and painful
BIRTH DELIVERY
NSVD (Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery)
Cesarean Birth
Assisted Vaginal Delivery (Vacuum or forceps)
VBAC (Vaginal birth after cesarean)
STAGES OF LABOR Quaque Every ?
The first stage of labour is the slow opening of q?h
hora hrs
your cervix. (Dilation of the cervix ) Si opus sit If
PHASES: s.o.s
necessary
Latent phase
Statim immediat
Active Phase STAT
Transitional phase ely
The second stage is the birth of your t.i.d Ter in die 3x/day
baby.(Delivery of the baby) Ter in 3x/week
The third stage is separation and birth of the t.i.w hebdomad
placenta.(Placental separation) e
The fourth stage is the first two hours after birth.
(Recovery) INFANT NORMAL VITAL SIGNS
Temperature. Able to maintain stable body
FIVE P’S temperature of 97.0°F to 98.6°F (36.1°C to 37°C)
passenger, passage, powers, placenta, and in normal room environment.
psychology.
Heartbeat. Normally 120 to 160 beats per
ABBREVIATION minute. It may be much slower when an infant
ac - before meals sleeps.
Pc - after meal
Daily - everyday Breathing rate. Normally 40 to 60 breaths per
Bid - two times a day (bis in die) minute.
Tid - three times a day (ter in die)
Qid - four times a day (quater in die) Blood pressure. Normally an upper number
Qh - every hour (systolic) between 60 and 80, and a lower
Ad lib - as desired number (diastolic) between 30 and 45.
Stat - immediately
Q2h - every 2 hours Oxygen saturation. Normally 95% to 100% on
Q4h - every 4 hours room air.
Q6h - every 6 hours
Prn - as needed GRAVIDITY AND PARITY
Hs - at bedtime G, T-P-A-L = Gravida (Total number of
PO - by mouth pregnancies),
- Term births
ABBREVIA LATIN MEANIN - Preterm births
TION G - Abortions
Ante cibum Before - Living children
a.c
meals
Gravidity is defined as the number of times that
b.i.d Bis in die 2x/day
a woman has been pregnant.
Hora somni Before
h.s
bed Parity is defined as the number of times that
Post cibum After she has given birth to a fetus with a gestational
p.c
meals age of 24 weeks or more, regardless of whether
Pro re nata As the child was born alive or was stillborn.
prn
needed
p.r Per rectum By rectum - A nulliparous woman (nullip) has not given
p.o Per os By mouth birth previously (regardless of outcome).
- A primagravida is in her first pregnancy.
Quaque die once a
q.d - A primiparous woman has given birth once.
day
The term 'primip' is often used interchangeably
Quaque Every with primagravida, although technically
q.o.d
altera die other day incorrect, as a woman does not become
Quarter in 4x/day primiparous until she has delivered her baby.
q.i.d
die - A multigravida has been pregnant more than
once.
- A multiparous woman (multip) has given birth
more than once.
- A grand multipara is a woman who has already
delivered five or more infants who have
achieved a gestational age of 24 weeks or more,
and such women are traditionally considered to
be at higher risk than the average in subsequent
pregnancies.
- A grand multigravida has been pregnant five
times or more.
- A great grand multipara has delivered seven or
more infants beyond 24 weeks of gestation.-

SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
Presumptive signs — possibility of pregnancy
Probable signs — most likelihood of indicating
pregnancy
Positive signs — confirmation of pregnancy

Presumptive signs of pregnancy

Possibility of pregnancy
- Amenorrhea (no period)
- Nausea — with or without vomiting
- Breast enlargement and tenderness
- Fatigue
- Poor sleep
- Back pain
- Constipation
- Food cravings and aversions
- Mood changes or "mood swings"
- Heartburn
- Nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath
- Lightheadedness
- Elevated basal body temperature (BBT)
- Spider veins
- Reddening of the palms

Probable signs of pregnancy

Most likelihood of indicating pregnancy
- Increased frequency of urination
- Soft cervix
- Abdominal bloating/enlargement
- Mild uterine cramping/discomfort without
bleeding
- Increased skin pigmentation in the face,
stomach, and/or areola

Positive signs of pregnancy

Confirmation of pregnancy
- Fetal heartbeat
- Visualization of fetus (ultrasound)
- Positive hCG urine or blood