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ملزمة كتاب Traveller two للصف الأول الثانوى ترم أول
ملزمة كتاب Traveller two للصف الأول الثانوى ترم أول
Sonnet 18
* Students aren’t asked to recite any poem
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance , or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest;
So long as men can breath, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee
by
Shakespeare
SONNET 18
‐ 60 ‐
Vocabulary
Compare Liken, say you are like.
Three you (accusative).
Thou you(subject).
Art are.
Lovely beautiful.
Temperate mild , moderate, even-tempered.
Rough not soft; wild.
Shake move violently.
Lease contract to rent a house, permission to stay
somewhere.
All too short a very short.
Date (here) time.
Complexion colour of face.
Dimmed made dim , made dull , not bright.
Fair (noun) (here) beautiful thing.
Fair ( adverb) (here) beauty.
Declines decays , goes away.
Nature's changing course the normal way by which things change.
Umtimm'd having become ugly, unpleasant, untidy.
Eternal lasting forever.
Fade grow dull and colourless, die.
Lose possession no longer possess , no longer have.
That fair thou owest your beauty.
Brag boast , speak proudly.
Thou wander'st you wander , walk aimlessly.
Shade shadow , dark places where no sun comes.
Lines lines of verse, poetry.
Thou growest you continue to live.
‐ 61 ‐
The poet asks whether he should compare his beloved to a day in summer. He
declares that she is more lovely and more evenly tempered. He then lists the
things that he does not like about summer day; even in May, strong winds
sometimes blow, shaking the small, fragile buds; summer does not last long ;
sometimes the sun makes the weather too hot ; sometimes the sky is cloudy;
and every beautiful creature will at some point cease to be beautiful; either
through some accident, or because it is natural for all living things to grow old
and die.
But, he says, his beloved's summer, on the contrary, will last forever. She will
never lose her beauty and death will never be able to say that he possesses her.
She will, in fact, live in lines of verse that cannot die. As long as men live, and
as long as they read poetry, the poet's verse will live and his beloved will live
in it.
This poem is one of the sonnet sequence written by Shakespeare. The sonnet is
a poem in fourteen lines, dealing with one idea or emotion, and that idea or
emotion is usually a personal one.
The sonnet originated in Italy and in its first form was divided into two parts;
one consisting of eight lines , the other of six.
Shakespeare changed the internal form of the sonnet .He divided the fourteen
lines into three quatrains ( stanzas of four lines each) and a heroic couplet (two
rhyming lines).Thus the rhyme scheme of this sonnet is ABAB , CDCD,
EFEF,GG.
Here, the first two quatrain contain one aspect of the central idea, the third
quatrain another, and the heroic couplet a final summing up.
Paraphrase
Commentary
‐ 62 ‐
Shakespeare states his main theme "or central idea" in the first line:
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day.
He fives a tentative answer to his own question in the second line. He then
goes on for the next six lines to justify and develop this answer by quoting
negative points which can be found in a summer's day; that it is not always
calm and serene; that it is sometimes too hot, sometimes cloudy; and then, the
most telling things; that it is short and the beauty it reveals is short-lived.
At this point he has reached the third quatrain and he turns back to his beloved
with the powerful declaration (almost a command) that her summer will be
eternal; will last forever. He develops this idea in the next three lines and sums
it up in the proud heroic couplet.
The grammar of the poem is simple, allowing for pauses at the end of every
line and each 'piece' of meaning does not need more than two lines to complete
it.
Shakespeare uses the repetition of certain words to create internal musical
patterns in the sonnet as in 'more' in line ,2, 'fair' in lines 7 and 10 and 'so long'
in the final couplet.
This is not one of the poems where he makes great use of figures of speech. He
uses only a few traditional metaphors such as describing the 'sun' as the 'eye of
heaven' and then personifying it in 'his gold complexion' ; the equation of
'youth' with 'summer' and the personification of 'death'.
The meter of the poem is the iambic pentameter.
‐ 63 ‐
Questions:‐
1) Who wrote the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) What is the main idea of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) How is the poet's beloved beauty considered everlasting?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) The poet mentioned some of the things that he disliked about summer, state these
things?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) What is meant by the word sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) Where did the sonnet originate and what is its structure?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7) How is the Shakespearian sonnet different from the Italian one?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Mention the rhyme scheme of the sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9) Where did Shakespeare state the central idea?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Sonnet 18
‐ 64 ‐
10) The poet stated the idea that his beloved can’t be compared to summer explain how?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11) Shakespeare uses the repetition of certain words express why giving examples.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
12) Mention the figures of speech used in the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
13) What is the meter of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺
As you sow, so you shall reap.
‐ 65 ‐
When I consider how my light is spent,
Ere half my days , in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent which is death to hide,
Lodg'd with me useless 'though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker , and present
My true account , lest he returning chide,
Doth God exact day-labour, light denied.
I fondly ask; but patience to prevent
That murmur , soon replies, God doth not need
Either man's work or His own gifts ; who best
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state
Is kingly . Thousands at His bidding speed
And post o'er land and ocean without rest;
They also serve who only stand and wait.
On his blindness
by Milton
‐ 66 ‐
Vocabulary
Consider think
Light sight
Spent gone out , finished , no longer burns.
Ere before
Talent gift
Lodg'd made to live, made to stay.
Useless of no use
Soul spirit
Bent willing , anxious , keen
Therewith with it
My Maker God
Present my true account give a good account of my life
Lest for fear that
Chide blame , scold
Doth does
Exact demand , require
Day-labour work which can only be done by day, in the
light
Denied kept away , refused.
Fondly foolishly
Prevent stop
Murmur muttering , complaint in a low voice
Replies answers
Yoke heavy stick laid across the shoulders of an ox in
harness to control him
Mild gentle
Bear His mild yoke submit to His will
State condition
Bidding demand , command
Post [verb] speed , haste, go quickly
O'er over
‐ 67 ‐
The poet laments the fact that he has lost his eyesight before he has completed even half
his life time in a world which, for him, has now become dark. He says ; I no longer can
use that one most important gift. Losing one's sight is like dying.
He says that he has lost the power of his eyes at a time when he was very eager and
willing to serve God and present a good account of himself to please Him. He tells us that
he asks himself " How can God expect me to be able to work for Him when I cannot see?"
But patience speaks to him and tells him the is a foolish question. Patience tells the poet
that God does not need Man's work. Nor does he need Man to use the gifts which He has
given him. It is the people who obey Him and submit to his will who serve Him best .He
is a great king . Thousands of His people are active in His service all the time. The people
who simply stand and wait for His orders also serve Him.
Commentary
"On his blindness" is one of the "occasional " sonnets which Milton wrote during his years
as Cromwell's secretary. Here, he uses the sonnet form to deal with a deep personal
sorrow and to resolve an ideological or religious question.
In this poem he puts aside the development of the sonnet form that Shakespeare had
affected and returns to the Italian fashion of dividing the fourteen lines into eight [the
octet] and six [the sestet] . The rhyme scheme shows this division clearly for it is : ABBA
ABBA CDECDE.
This division embodies the development of the idea or the emotion in the sonnet ; the
octect contains the "question" , the sestet contains the "answer".
Paraphrase
‐ 68 ‐
The octet deals with Milton's sorrow and anger at the loss of his sight . It consists of one
long sentence beginning with the relative clause "When I consider…"The sentence
Rolls through various qualifiers , modifiers and conjunctions to arrive at the climatic
arrogant question: "Doth God exact day-labour , light denied ?"
The fact that the eight lines are one sentence gives grammatical unity to the octet ,
supporting its unity of idea and emotion and justifying its unity of rhyme.
Line 8 contains both the final segment of the opening sentence and the beginning of the
"answer" to which the sestet is devoted.
In the last six lines Milton uses short decisive sentences to proclaim the greatness and
wisdom of God and advocate blind acceptance of His will. These short sentences contrast
with the long tortured questing of the octet and mirror the attempt of a proud spirit to find
peace in resignation.
Another difference between the octet and the sestet is in their perspective. In the octet
Milton is himself the central character and is much aware of his own importance ;
There are eight pronouns relating to self; "I" "me" "my" in these lines.
In the sestet the poem changes perspective; God becomes the central figure ; there are six
nouns and pronouns relating to God "God" "Him" "His" and none at all relating to the
poet. Milton sees himself now as only a tiny part of God's universe.
Milton does not make particular use of figures of speech in this sonnet . There is the initial
metaphor equating " sight" with "light" and continuing the equation in "dark" world . But ,
apart from that, the language is straightforward. The language in the sestet is highly
Biblical in its use of phrases like "His gifts" "His mild yoke" "His state is kingly".
The poem is in the iambic pentameter.
Many cooks will
spoil the broth.
‐ 69 ‐
On His Blindness
By Milton
1) What does the poet lament in the sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) On his Blindness is one of the occasional sonnets explain how?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) Milton changed the form of the Shakespearian sonnet explain how?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) What does this division embody?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) There is a great difference between Melton’s octet and sestet express this difference.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7) How does the fact that the eight lines are one sentence serve the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Milton uses short decisive sentences in the last six lines express why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9) Mention the figures of speech used by Milton.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
10) Milton is obsessed by using Biblical language give examples.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11) What is the meter of the poem?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Best wishes and
__.Good luck