MODULE 4 AGE Problems

1. Pat is 6 years older than his friend Gary. Four years ago, Gary’s age was 7 more than half of Pat’s age.
What are their present ages?

Present age 4 years ago

Let Gary’s age x x–4

Pat’s age x + 6 x+6–4=x+2

Solution:

1
x–4 = (x+2)+7
2
1
x–4 = x + 1 +7
2
1
x ̶ x = 8+4
2
1
x = 12
2
x = 24

Answer: Their present ages: Gary is 24 years old ; while Pat is 30 years.

2. Father is now three times as old as his son. Twelve years ago, he was six times as old as his son. Find
the present age of each.

Present age 12 years ago

Let Father’s age 3x 3x – 12

Son’s age x x – 12

Solution:

3x – 12 = 6 ( x – 12 )

3x – 12 = 6x – 72

72 – 12 = 6x – 3x

60 = 3x

20 = x

Answer: Son is 20 years old ; Father is 60 years old.

3. Bob is 20 years older than Ben. In 10 years, Bob will be twice as old as Ben. How old is each now?

Let age now in 10 years

Bob x + 20 x + 20 + 10 = x + 30

Ben x x + 10

Solution: x + 30 = 2 (x + 10)

X + 30 = 2x + 20

30 – 20 = 2x – x

10 = x

Answer: Their age now: Bob = 30 years old ; Ben = 10 years old

Literal Equations

Solve the following equations for the letters indicated:

1. ax – bx = c , for x 2. A= ½ ( b1 + b2 ) h , for b2
x (a - b) = c 2A = ( b1 + b2 ) h
x = c 2A = ( b1 + b2 ) h
a–b h h

2A ̶ b1 = b2
h

3. y = a+y , for y 4. S = a ̶ rƖ , for Ɩ

K1 K2 1–r

5. ˚F = 9 ˚C + 32˚ , for ˚C
5
Simple Interest

Interest is the amount paid for the use of money. To solve for the interest, we use the

Formula:
I = Prt where I = interest ; P = principal ; r = rate of interest ; t = time
I
P =
rt
I
r =
Pt
I
t = , T (in years)
Pr
I
t = x 12 , T (in months)
Pr

Examples : 1. A savings bank offers depositors an interest rate of 7 % per annum. After one year, how
much interest will Lorraine earn if she deposits ₱ 50,000.00 ?

Given :

r = 7 % = 0.07 ; t = 1 year ; P = ₱ 50,000.00

Solution : I = Prt = ( ₱ 50,000.00 )( 0.07 )( 1 ) = ₱ 3,500.00

2. Find the time, if the simple interest of 6,000php at 10% is 200.

Given:
I = 200php ; r = 10% = 0.1 ; P = 6,000php
Solution:
I
t=
Pr
200
t=
6,000(0.1)

1
t= yr or 120 days
3

3. Find the rate of interest if the principal amount is 25,000php , payable in 5 yrs with an
interest 6,000php
Given:
P = 25,000php ; t = 5 yrs ; I = 6,000php
Solution:
 I
r=
Pt
6000
r=
25,000(5)
r = 0.048
r = 4.8%

Discounts and Commission

A discount is an amount deducted from a given original price. It is usually expressed in percent.
The selling price can be determined by deducting the amount of the discount from the original price.

In the same manner, a commission is an amount deducted from the total or gross sales. It is also
expressed in percent. The net sales can be determined by deducting the amount of the commission
from the gross sales.

Examples : 1. For their Christmas sale, a store gave 15% off for all items. How much will Jess pay for a
pair of shoes worth 1,200php?

Given : rate of discount = 15% = 0.15 ; original price = ₱ 1,200.00

Find : sale price = ?

Solution : % quantity 1. 15% = x __

15% x
100% ₱ 1,200.00 100% ₱ 1,200.00
15% (₱ 1,200.00 ) = x
100%
0.15 ( ₱ 1,200.00 ) = x
1
₱ 180 = x
Sale price = original price - x
= ₱ 1,200 - ₱ 180
= ₱ 1,020

Another Solution :
2. Let R (rate) = 15% = 0.15 ; B (base) = ₱ 1,200
Find : P (percentage)
P = RB = ( 0.15 )( ₱ 1,200) = ₱ 180

Sale price = original price - x

= ₱ 1,200 - ₱ 180
= ₱ 1,020
Learning Task: Show complete solution. Encircle or box your final answer.

1. For every appliance that Sabrina sells, she gets an 18% commission. How much commission will
she get if sells ₱ 100,200 worth of appliances?
2. Joshua paid ₱ 1,200 for a pair of pants after receiving a 20% discount. What is the original price
of the pair of pants ?
3. Nicole paid ₱ 18 for a notebook marked ₱ 20 . What is the rate of discount she enjoyed ?
4. How much interest will Arianne earn if she deposits ₱ 2,000 for 2 years, and the rate of
interest is 7 ½ % ?
5. Mr.Apostol is a travelling salesman. He is given a 13 % commission for his gross sales. If his
gross sales is ₱ 25,000 , how much commission will he get ?
6. A bank charges 18% interest per annum on a loan. If Jimmy made a loan of ₱ 50,000 , how
much interest does he have to pay after a year & a half ?