Public And Private Transport Systems

KLE Society's S Nijalingappa College

Growing Infrastructure – A key to Transforming Indian Economy”

Public and Private Transportation Systems

Authors:

Mrs. Koteshwari

Mrs. Prabha B V
 Public And Private Transport Systems

Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3
2. Factors influencing the growth of the Transport Industry...................................................................3
2.1 Environmental Factors:............................................................................................................3
2.2 Historical Factors:....................................................................................................................3
2.3 Technological factors:..............................................................................................................4
2.4 Political Factors:.......................................................................................................................4
2.5 Economic Factors:....................................................................................................................4
3. Public and Private Transportation in India:..........................................................................................4
4. Transport Scenario by 2030.................................................................................................................5
4.1 Electrification:..........................................................................................................................6
4.2 Autonomous vehicles:.............................................................................................................6
4.3 Shared Mobility:......................................................................................................................7
4.4 Connectivity:............................................................................................................................7
5. Infrastructure set-up to implement CASE............................................................................................8
5.1 Intelligent Transport System:..................................................................................................8
5.2 m-Parivahan seva:....................................................................................................................9
6. Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................9
7. Bibliography.........................................................................................................................................9
 Public And Private Transport Systems

“Growing Infrastructure – A key to Transforming Indian Economy”

Public and Private Transportation Systems

1. Introduction
India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. To sustain this growth, the country
must have an infrastructure that is capable of supporting it. Transportation systems play a crucial
part in this infrastructure, and both public and private transportation systems have a vital role to
play in transforming the Indian economy. In this article, we will look at the various factors that
have led to the growth of transportation in India, the infrastructure required to support the
transport system 10 years from now, and the policies of the government that will help in
achieving this objective.

2. Factors influencing the growth of the Transport Industry

Transportation in India has grown by leaps and bounds in the past 20 years. The reasons for the
evolution of the transportation system in India can be attributed to the below-mentioned factors.

2.1 Environmental Factors:

The development of transport systems depends on the physical features of land areas and
bodies of water adjacent to them. It also depends on the landforms and how the landforms have
developed due to the forces acting on the earth's surface. The climate is yet another important
aspect that conditions transportation operations. At the national level, the distance underlines the
geographical scale to be considered.

2.2 Historical Factors:

Most of the civilizations in the past flourished on the banks of rivers. Settlement patterns
and cultural attributes influence the local transport system. The historical process of Colonialism
and Imperialism which started with trade as the main occupation has given rise to the
development of a national transport system. Urbanization is one of the primary factors and
drivers for the growth of a well-connected transport system.
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2.3 Technological factors:

There is a matching scale of development for each transport technology. The adoption of
newer, faster, and eco-friendly means of transportation has given rise to energy-efficient and
eco-friendly fuels which power the transportation system. Corridors are mainly rail routes and
highway networks which are built to connect different places in the shortest available time.

2.4 Political Factors:

Transport development is a process that is managed and regulated. Zoning is a method of
urban planning in which a municipality or other tier of government divides land into areas called
zones. It is the regulatory framework that influences the most transport development. Taxation
and regulations such as safety and operating conditions are political aspects that play at the
regional (most transport regulations are at the state / provincial level) and the national levels.
Trade agreements have an important implication, linking neighboring economic entities, which
has influenced transportation development with an attempt to coordinate physical and trade
networks.

2.5 Economic Factors:

Economic processes shape transportation development since its purpose is to support
economic activities. The more advanced an economy is, the more intensive and efficient
transportation systems are. Employment and distribution are drivers focusing on a network of
transport systems for people and the distribution of final goods. Transportation modes compete
in service markets. The outcome of this competition is a well-distributed transport system.

3. Public and Private Transportation in India:

These factors have led to the growth of Public and Private Transport systems in India.

Public Transportation System in India:

Public transportation is a public transportation system provided by the government or

public agencies. Public transportation in India is an essential mode of transportation for millions
of people who cannot afford private transportation. The public transportation system in India
includes buses, trains, and metros. The most commonly used mode of public transportation is the
bus system.

Private Transportation System in India:

Private transportation refers to the transportation system which is owned and operated by
individuals or private companies. The private transport system in India includes cars, taxis
(traditional taxis, app-based taxis, and luxury taxis), and motorcycles.
 Public And Private Transport Systems

The percentage distribution of the sales of different private and public transport vehicles and
their usage in India is given above. The above graph indicates the Automotive market in India.
Two-wheelers and passenger cars account for 76% and 17.4% market share, respectively.

4. Transport Scenario by 2030

India is expected to be the world's third-largest automotive market in terms of volume by 2030.
There will be around 150 million shared cars on the road by 2030.

The megatrends have suggested that the growth of the Indian Automotive Industry will happen in
the below areas

 Connectivity
 Autonomous driving
 Shared Mobility
 Electrification
 Public And Private Transport Systems

The major disruptive technologies will be implemented through Intelligent transport

systems(ITS) driven by Industry 4.0, data analytics, IoT, and artificial intelligence from Hyper-
loop to autonomous and remotely piloted vehicles.

4.1 Electrification:
The majority of vehicles on the road will be zero emissions by 2030. With an increase in
population and an increase in pollution levels, traditional transport will cause more harm. Also,
the deterioration of fossil fuels will cause a steep decline in the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles.

A feasible way to achieve zero emissions in transport is to electrify vehicles using renewable
energy. Battery-powered electric vehicles will make this happen. Battery technology will
continue to improve as battery chemistry develops. Hydrogen fuel is a promising alternative to
traditional fossil fuels because it produces no emissions when burned, only water vapor. It can be
manufactured using a variety of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, and
can be used to power vehicles, generate electricity, and heat buildings. While hydrogen fuel
technology is still relatively new and expensive, it has the potential to become more efficient and
cost-effective in the coming years.

Other alternative technologies that could play a role in the clean energy transition include solar,
wind, and geothermal power, as well as energy storage systems like batteries and pumped
hydroelectric storage. These technologies have already made significant progress in recent years,
and are likely to continue to improve in efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

4.2 Autonomous vehicles:

Autonomous electric vehicles will become the norm of transportation in ten years. The
technology to deploy fully autonomous vehicles, that is, self-driving cars, is around five to ten
years. Legislation should also go hand in hand with software development to put autonomous
vehicles on our roads.
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The safety benefits of autonomous vehicles cannot be ignored. Autonomous vehicles would
reduce accidents caused by human error to a large extent and hence will reduce the total number
of road traffic accidents by a substantial amount. The challenge is in testing and validating the
software developed for autonomous vehicles.

Flying taxis and drone deliveries

Commercial tests are underway for flying taxis and delivery drones. It will soon be a commercial
reality. Taking taxis to the skies would reduce congestion on roads and offer a quicker, more
efficient way of transport. Regulations regarding noise pollution, powering the vehicles with zero
emissions technologies, and ensuring they operate safely in already over-crowded cities are
required before rolling this out in public.

Drones are already used in Military applications. By 2030, we could see wider-scale aerial
delivery in urban areas, completely changing the way we order and receive goods.

4.3 Shared Mobility:

There will be no need to own a car in 2030. Sharing of transportation services and resources
among users will become the norm of the future. This includes public transport, micro-mobility
for last-mile connectivity like bike sharing, scooter sharing, car-based modes (car sharing, rides
on-demand, and micro-transit), and commute-based modes or ridesharing (carpooling).
Examples of mobility-sharing services include Lyft, Uber, Bird, Scoop, and Moovit.

4.4 Connectivity:
A connected vehicle can communicate with other systems outside the car (in both directions).
This allows the vehicle to share data with surrounding devices like cars, homes, offices, or
infrastructure. The connectivity in a vehicle enables infotainment, safety, roadside assistance,
diagnostics efficiency, navigation, and payments. The car will be the third living space in the
future.

With shared mobility, we can go from place to place, connecting all the transport evolutions
we've already discussed. In 2030, all our transportation needs up to the last mile connectivity will
be fulfilled by a single app, accessed using our phones. For example, you might reserve a shared
electric scooter outside your office, book a train ticket before you reach your departure station,
and hire an autonomous vehicle to take you to your destination upon arrival.
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5. Infrastructure set-up to implement CASE

5.1 Intelligent Transport System:
Future vehicles will be connected, shared, Autonomous, and Electrified. To realize CASE, it is
necessary to come up with an ecosystem that provides the mandatory infrastructure to implement
it.

And since the management of these vehicles, and the roads, posed a problem for the authorities,
the concept of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been defined.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a solution devised to manage and regulate all
problems related to traffic and transportation in India. The idea behind this system is to utilize
information technology to enhance traffic management, be more mindful of the environment and
reduce commutation time.

The working of Intelligent Transportation System works on the principle of collecting the
relevant data, then analyzing and finally, using the results to implement viable solutions for
traffic management. The details of ITS are defined in terms of

1. Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS)

2. Advanced Traveller Information System (ATIS)
3. Advanced Vehicle Control System (AVCS)
4. Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS)
5. Advanced Rural Transportation System (ARTS)
6. Advanced Commercial Vehicles Operations System (ACVOS)

One of the successful ITS implementation that the ARAI came up with was AIS-140

The AIS-140 is the latest Automotive Industry Standard introduced by the Automotive Research
Association of India (ARAI) and deals with the requisite safety features required on public
transport and commercial vehicles. The MoRTH issued a directive stating that AIS-140 should
be implemented on all new and existing vehicles by 1 April 2018.

Safety aspects are defined in AIS-140, according to which all public transport and commercial
vehicles should have the

 Ability to transmit real-time location, and other vehicle performance information

 One or more emergency buttons across the vehicle

It supports a minimum hardware configuration standard, data storage and forwarding

mechanism, and over-the-air updates. This should be implemented in all the public transport
systems.
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The main aim of the AIS-140 is to ensure vehicle safety and bring a degree of intelligence into
public transport systems. When all public vehicles comply with this regulation, we will ensure
passenger safety, Optimize public transport vehicles, Monitor driver behavior, and Improve
vehicle performance.

However, OEMs, Tier-1 suppliers, and after-market suppliers must align their manufacturing
according to the AIS-140-compliant transport system.

5.2 m-Parivahan seva:

This app introduced by the government of India ensures that the driver can drive
anywhere in India using the app without having to carry a hard copy of the license document.

6. Conclusion
"The transportation system is the backbone for the economic growth of any nation." With the
focus and support provided by the government of India, it will not be far when we can realize the
dream of a Connected, Autonomous, Shared mobility and Electrified solution on roads.
Economic development promotes social equality among the masses so that there is an equal
distribution of wealth and income and people enjoy some quality of wealth, status, and
livelihood.

7. Bibliography
Source: https://blog.olacabs.com/how-india-commuted-in-2016-our-insights/
Source: https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/RA_2021_Compressed.pdf
Source: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/
781521473177013155/the-cost-of-air-pollution-strengthening-the-economic-case-for-action