CC: back pain Inspect from the side:

>5 kg Cervical spine

Valenzuela Thoracic spine

GALS Screening: Lumbar spine

Knee flexion

Screening questions: Foot arches

Do you have pain in your muscles, back, joints? Toe deformity

Inspect from the back:

Can you dress completely without and difficulty? Shoulder symmetry

Spinal alignment

Are you able to walk up and downstairs without any Iliac crest alignment
difficulty?
Glueteal muscle bulk

Popliteal swelling
Assess Gait
Hindfoot abnormalities
Observe Gait cycle
Compound movement assessment:

Shoulder Abduction and external rotation with elbow

flexion

Inspect hands

Symmetry, joint swelling, deformity

Ask patient to turn hands over

Inspect palms

Thenar wasting, hypothenar wasting

Ask patient to make a fust to observe hand function

Power grip ask patient to grip your finger as much as

he can

Assess strength

Precision grip

Ask patient to touch the end point of finger- assess

Inspect from the front: hand function
Symmetric Shoulder symmetry Squeeze MCP jpints observe for any signs of
Shoulder muscle bulk discomfort

Elbow extension Ask patient to lie down

Quadricep bulk Lift patients leg-Assess passive knee

flexion/extension feel for crepitus
Knee swelling & deformity
Assess passive Internal Rotation of Hip joints with
Foot deformity knee and hip flexed to 90 degrees
Patellar tap -present with large knee joint effusion

Inspect feet for swelling, calloses and deformities

Squeeze MTP joints observe for signs of discomfort

Standing

Cervical spine lateral flexion (normal – 45 degrees)

ask patient to turn head to side

Lumbar flexion assessment : Ask patient to bend

forward to check movement of his back while putting
2 fingers at the back while observing changes
between fingers