Practice exam questions

The process of RNA synthesis involves the addition of nucleotides to a growing .1

.RNA strand in the 3' to 5° direction
)False, it is in the 5' to 3° direction (
The initiation stage of RNA synthesis is signaled by a DNA sequence known as a .2
.promoter
)True(
The termination stage of RNA synthesis is signaled by a terminator within the .3
.DNA template
)False, the terminator is within the RNA transcript(
The primary transcript produced by RNA polymerase is messenger RNA .4 .
)True(
In eukaryotes, mature mRNA is generated by the addition of a 5' cap and poly A .5
.tail
)True(
The second stage in gene expression involves converting the nucleotide sequence .6
.of a protein into the amino acid sequence of a messenger RNA molecule
)False, it is the opposite(
The genetic code is the relationship between the sequence of nucleotides in a .7
.protein and the sequence of amino acids in DNA
)False, it is the opposite(
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of .8
.nucleotides in DNA or RNA transcripts
)True(
.Each amino acid is specified by a single nucleotide in DNA .9
)False, it is specified by one or more nucleotide triplets known as codons(
.The genetic code is comprised of groups of three nucleotides, known as codons .10
)True(
The compaction of chromosomes can facilitate access to nucleotide sequences .11
,.necessary for gene expression
)False, it hinders access(
Chromatin remodeling involves the recruitment of proteins to the promoter .12
.regions of DNA
)False, it involves recruitment of proteins to the enhancer regions(
Proteins involved in chromatin remodeling require the help of ATP or chemical .13
.modilication to alter chromatin structure
)True(
.Chromatin remodeling can involve the repositioning of nucleosomes .14
)True(
.The activation of gene transcription requires the hiding of the promoter region .15
)False, it requires exposure of the promoter region(
.Chromosomes come in pairs for each trait, resulting in four possible alleles .16
)False, it results in two possible alleles(
.The genotype is a combination of two available alleles for a trait .17
)True(
.The phenotype of an organism is determined by the genotype .18
)True(
.Recessive alleles are expressed, while dominant alleles are masked .19
)False, it is the opposite(
The Law of Equal Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two .20
.alleles at a gene locus remain together
)False, it states that they segregate from each other(
.The Law of Equal Segregation applies to the formation of somatic cells .21
)False, it applies to gamete formation(
According to the Law of Independent Assortment, different traits get equal .22
.opportunity to occur together
)True(
The study of family history about inheritance of a particular trait in humans is .23
.called pedigree analysis
)True(
.Pedigree analysis can only be conducted on a single generation of a family .24
)False, it can be conducted over multiple generations of a family(
Heterozygous organisms with incomplete dominance have phenotypes that are a .25
.blend of the phenotypes of their homozygous traits
)True(
In co-dominance, only one of the two alleles is capable of expressing its .26
.phenotype in the heterozygote
).False, both alleles are capable of some degree of phenotypic expression(
.Pleiotropy is the phenomenon of a single gene determining multiple traits .27
)True(
Recessive lethal genes can cause death if an organism carries two copies of the .28
.lethal allele
)True(
Epistatic alleles are the ones being masked or silenced, while hypostatic alleles .29
.are the ones doing the masking
False, Epistatic alleles are the ones doing the masking, while hypostatic alleles are (
).the ones being masked or silenced
.Germline mutations occur in body cells and are not passed on to the offspring .30
)False(
A point mutation occurs in a genome when two base pairs are added, deleted or .31
- .changed
))False
.Each nucleotide base can occur as either of two alternative tautomers .32
)True(
.Gain-of-function mutations can affect gene expression in tissues .33
)True(
In nucleotide excision repair, a segment of single-stranded DNA containing the .34
 .damaged nucleotides) is excised and replaced with new DNA
)True(
.restriction enzymes recognize specific sites in DNA .35
)True(
.Polymorphism refers to having different versions of the same gene .36
)True(
Polymorphism can exist in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), .37
insertions or deletions (DIP/InDel), simple sequence repeat (SS), and copy number
– .variants (CNV)
)True(