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Answer: Item (h) may take place in the cytoplasm or the nucleus,
depending on the particular steroid hormone. Items
(a), (b), (c), (i), and (j) take place in the nucleus. All other
items take place in the cytoplasm.
4. What are some differences between euchromatin and
heterochromatin?
Answer: Heterochromatin stains darkly throughout the cell
cycle; euchromatin does not stain darkly during interphase.
Heterochromatin is rich in repeated DNA sequences and in
transposable elements; euchromatin may contain repeated
sequences and transposons, but usually not to the extent that
heterochromatin does. Heterochromatin has few proteincoding
genes; euchromatin has many protein-coding genes.
5. Indicate whether the following are associated with gene
activity or inactivity: (a) DNA methylation, (b) histone acetylation,
(c) histone methylation, (d) heterochromatin, (e) locus
control region, (f ) GAL4 protein, (g) DNase I sensitivity.
Answer: (a) inactivity, (b) activity, (c) inactivity, (d) inactivity,
(e) activity, (f ) activity, (g) activity.
6. How is the level of X-linked gene expression equalized in
the two sexes of (a) humans, (b) fl ies, (c) worms?
Answer: (a) In humans, one of the two X chromosomes in
females is randomly inactivated. (b) In fl ies, the single X
chromosome in males is hyperactivated. (c) In worms, the
two X chromosomes in hermaphrodites are hypoactivated.