Expert power is the power of an individual, derived from the individual's skills or experience and

the organization's need for those skills and experience. Unlike other licenses, this type of license is
often very specific and limited to specific areas in which professionals are trained and qualified.
People tend to listen to others when they have the knowledge and skills to understand a situation,
propose a solution, exercise good judgment, and generally stand out from others. When
individuals demonstrate expertise, people tend to trust them and respect what they have to say. As
a subject matter expert, your ideas are more valuable and others will see you as a leader in the
field.

appropriate reward

Reward power depends on the ability of those in power to bestow valuable material rewards.
Refers to the degree to which a person can give something in return, such as B. Benefits, time off,
desired gifts, promotions, or raises. salary or responsibility. This power is obvious, but also
ineffective if used incorrectly. People who abuse reward power may become aggressive or be
reprimanded for talking too much or "moving too fast." If other people want to be rewarded for
doing what someone wants to do, chances are they will.

The problem with this power base is that the rewarder may not have as much control over the
reward as necessary. Managers rarely have full control over raises, managers often have no control
over promotions, and even CEOs need board approval to do anything. So if someone uses the
available rewards or the rewards don't have enough perceived value to other people, the power of
it decreases. (One of the frustrations of using rewards is that they often have to be bigger each
time to have the same motivating effect. Even when rewards are given frequently, people become
overloaded with rewards and lose motivation and effectiveness.)

coercive force

Coercion is the use of negative behavior. This includes the ability to downgrade or withhold
rewards. The desire for reward or the fear of frustration guarantee the obedience of those in
power. Coercion is often the most obvious and ineffective form of power because it provokes
resentment and resistance from those who experience it.

Threats and punishments are common coercive measures. Threats of unwanted dismissal,
demotion, deprivation of privileges, or assignment of responsibilities characterize the use of
coercive force.

The widespread use of coercion is rarely applied to organizations, and relying solely on these forms
of power can lead to very callous and ineffective leadership. 8
Principles of Interpersonal Relations

In Intimate Touch: Communication in Relationships, Laura K. Guerrero and Peter A. Andersen state
that:9

Power as Perception: Power is a perception, and although some people have objective power, they
still have a hard time influencing others. People who use power signals and take energetic and
proactive actions tend to be perceived by others as having power. Some people become influential
without exhibiting clearly influential behavior.

Power as a relational concept: Power exists in relation. It is often about how much relative power a
person has compared to those around them. Partners in close and fulfilling relationships often
influence each other at different times and in different domains.

Resource-Based Power: Power often represents a struggle for resources. The scarcer and more
valuable the resource, the more intense and prolonged the struggle for power. The scarcity
hypothesis states that people have the most power when available resources are hard to come by
or are in high demand. However, the scarcity of resources brings power only when it is valued in
the relationship.

Principle of Least Worry and Reliance on Power: In a relationship, the person who has the least to
lose has the most power. Dependence on power shows that those who depend on their
relationship or partner are not as powerful, especially when they know that their partner has no
obligations and can leave them. According to interdependence theory, the quality of alternatives is
related to the nature of the relationship.