leadership

definition
Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the
achievement of a goal. Leadership is influencing other people to follow.
It is persuading others to sublimate their own self interests and adopt the goals of a group as
their own.

difference b/n manager and leader

A manager does the thing right; a leader does the right thing. The first person is concerned about
carrying out policy; the second person formulates policy. The first person thinks in terms of
trees; the second person has a larger view of life and deals with the forest.

source and types of power

leaders get their power from the followers
Legitimate power is the formal authority given to a person within an organization. it is power
based on hierarchical position to exert certain authority and decision making over others.
Because it comes from a position or job title, legitimate power is a form of positional power.
Legitimate power is based on a mutually accepted perception that the leader has a right to
influence a subordinate.
reward power - people are motivated by a drive for incentives.Our behaviors are driven by a
desire for external rewards.If your role at work gives you the power to reward your team, you
have reward power. Reward power helps you influence employees to act. It is a positional power.
Examples of reward power include pay raises, promotions, good assignments, or praise.

Instead of applying additional pressure on employees to be more productive, offering them a

desirable reward in exchange for meeting certain goals can encourage them to apply that pressure
onto themselves.
It can create competition among employees, it increases employee retention, but it also have
disadvantages of demotivating others, increase companies expense,
Those who lack faith in their performance abilities may become disheartened.
If employees are constantly being targeted with reward programs, the power of incentives may
get lost over time.
be fair, use tangible and intangible rewards, choose rewards that interest employees, give both
team and indvidal rewards, tell them why they are rewarded.
coercive power - the opposite of reward power --- punishment power

It is a type of power that employs the use of force, threats, and other forms of coercion to
stimulate an outcome.
The two types of coercive power are direct and indirect coercive power. While direct
coercive power is a true threat, indirect coercive power can only be imagined or implied (
employees fear they will get punished so they will do whatever it take)
it is total dictatorship, top-down communication, there is punishment, and everyone is
under control of the leader.
it leads to stress and low self- esteem .... There is a high dependency on supervisors,
anxiety to satisfy the manager’s needs, and a constant focus on duties and evaluation.
it is useful when obeying rules directly corresponds with employee safety, When
employees neglect their duties, impacting both team morale and business profits,
expert power - Expert Power is based on the special ability and/or knowledge that the leader has
and is needed by the group.The leader is seen as capable of analyzing, implementing, and
controlling those tasks that the unit has been assigned.
referent power - is when other people see you as charismatic likable and worthy of respect.You
don't necessarily have to do anything to earn referent power, and it can be easily abused for
personal gain. A person who holds referent power has excellent interpersonal skills and exudes
confidence. This makes them natural leaders.