Welcome to Our

Presentation
(Group-4)
Presentation On
“What Do we mean by Leadership?”

And

“Power & Influence”

Submitted to,

Mr. Md. Mahbub Alam

Associate Professor
Department of Management Studies
Comilla University.
Presented By,

Tasnim Binte Karim

ID 11505052
 Leadership
Leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers,
and the situation. Some leadership researchers have focused on the
personality, physical traits, or behaviours of the leader.
A simple definition is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of
people to act toward achieving a common goal. In a business setting, this
can mean directing workers and colleagues with a strategy to meet the
company's needs. Leadership is setting and achieving goals, tackling the
competition, and solving problems decisively and quickly.
• Leadership is defined as the relationship in which one person
influences others to work together to reach a desired level of
achievement. If there is no follower, there is no leader.
• Leadership is the process by which an executive or a manager
imaginatively directs, guides and influences the work of others in
choosing and attaining specified goals by mediation between the
individual and organization in such a manner that both will obtain the
maximum satisfaction.
 Leadership Is Both A Science And An Art
It emphasizes the subject of leadership as a field of scholarly inquiry, as well as
certain aspects of the practice of leadership.
Leadership includes actions and influences based on reason and logic as well as those based
on inspiration and passion. People are both rational and emotional, so leaders can use
rational techniques and emotional appeals to influence followers, but they must also weigh the
rational and emotional consequences of their actions.Leadership involves the two sides of
human experience. It involves touching others’ feelings. Leaders need to consider both the
rational and emotional consequences of their actions.
 Relation between Management & Leadership

Illustration above shows the functions between leadership and management. Both functions
require communication while working with people, demonstrate problem-solving skills when
issue arise, making decision for the team by setting goals and rules and giving direction and
guidance to achieve common goals.
Differentiation between the Leader and the Manager
Leader Manager
Does the right things. Does the things right

Challenges Maintains

People-focused System-focused

Inspires Solves Problems/ Controls

Strategic Thinkers Operational Thinkers

Long term thinking Plans for execution/ output

Have followers Have Subordinates

Takes Risks Mitigates Risks

Looks after a team Overseas a team

Myths That Hinder Leadership Development

• Good leadership is all common sense.

• Leaders are born, not made

• The only school you learn leadership is the school

of hard knocks
Components of Interactional Framework

Situation Followers Leader

 Power and Influence
Power – the capacity to produce effects on others on the potential to
influence others.

• The capacity to cause change.

Influence – the change in a targets agent’s attitudes, values,
beliefs, or behaviors as the result of influence tactics.

• The degree of actual change in a target person’s attitudes

manifested by followers as the result of a leader’s influence
tactics.
 Power VS Influence
Power Influence
Power is the authority to get things done by others. Influence is the ability to create an impact on the beliefs and
actions of others without forcing them.

Power might not generate respect but people are forced to Influence generates respect as people act out of their own belief
obey the commands of someone who is stronger and has and change of heart when they follow the leader.
authority over them.

Power doesn’t contain any emotional feelings and without Influence is just like magic and those being influenced keep
the presence of an authoritative figure, work may not working even when the influencer is not around.
continue.

Power is positioned as it usually comes with a high past Influence is personal and its due to who the person is, not what
and rank. rank he holds.
Power pushes people to do things. Influence persuades people by changing their beliefs and
perceptions.
 Sources of Power
John R. P. French and Bertram Raven identified five bases or
sources of power:

Legitimate Power
Reward Power
Coercive Power
Expert Power
Referent power.
 Sources
1. Expert power – power of knowledge (through relative expertise).
2. Referent power – due to the strength of the relationship between the leader
and the followers; when people admire a leader and see her as a role model,
she has referent power.
3. Legitimate power – one’s formal or official authority.
4. Reward power – involves the potential to influence others
due to one’s control over desired resources.
5. Coercive power – the opposite of reward power; potential to influence others
through the administration of negative sanctions or the removal of positive
events.
 Four generation of Power
 First, effective leaders typically take advantage of all their sources of
power.
 Second, whereas leaders in well-functioning organizations have
strong influence over their sub-ordinates, they are also open to being
influenced by them.
 Third, leaders vary in the extent to which they share power with
subordinates.
 Fourth, effective leaders generally work to increase their various
power bases.
 Need For Power
David McClelland was an American Psychologist who developed his theory of
needs or Achievement Theory of Motivation which revolves around three
important aspects, namely, Achievement, Power and Affiliation.

Two different ways of expressing the need for power have been identified:
 Personalized power
 Socialized power
Individuals who have a high need for personalized power are relatively selfish,
impulsive, uninhibited, and lacking in self-control.
Socialized power is exercised in the service of higher goals to others or
organizations and often involves self-sacrifice toward those ends.
Influence Tactics
Influence tactics – refer to the person’s actual behavior designed
to change another person’s attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior.
Kipnis and his associates accomplished much of the early work on
the types of influence tactics one person uses to influence
another.
 Types of Influence Tactics
 Rational Persuasion
 Inspirational Appeals
 Consultation
 Ingratiation
 Personal Appeals
 Exchange
 Coalition Tactics
 Pressure Tactics
 Legitimate Tactics
Rational persuasion

A tactic that is used to try and convince someone with a valid reason, rational logic, or
realistic facts. Rational persuasion occurs when an agent uses logical arguments or
factual evidence to influence others.

Inspirational appeals

A tactic that builds enthusiasm by appealing to emotions, ideas and/or values.

Consultation

A tactic that focuses on getting others to participate in the planning process, making
decisions, and encourage changes.

Ingratiation
A tactic that emphasizes on getting someone in a good mood prior to making a request.
Exchange

A tactic that suggests that making express or implied promises and trading favours.

Personal appeals
A tactic that refers to friendship and loyalty while making a request.

Coalition tactics

Refers to a tactic that prescribes getting others to support the effort to persuade someone.

Pressure
It focuses on demanding compliance or using intimidation or threats.
Legitimating tactics
This tactic suggests that basing a request on one’s authority or right, organizational rules or
policies, or express or implied support from superiors, is a best.
Thank you
For Your Patience