MIDTERMS

!!!FORMULAS TO REMEMBER!!!
INCIDENT AND REFLECTED POWER
V2 V inc =Incident voltage
∎ P=
R V ref =Reflected voltage
V inc2 Pinc=Incident Power
Pinc=
R Pref =Reflected Power
V ref 2 R=Resistance
Pref =
R
P=Power

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
Er Γ =reflectioncoefficient ( unitless )
Γ=
Ei Ei =Incident Current ( Amps )
Ir I i=Incident Current ( Amps )
Γ=
Ii
Er =Reflected Voltage ( Volts )
Γ=
| Z L−Z O
Z L + ZO | I r=Reflected Voltage ( Volts )
Z L =Load Impedance Ω
SWR−1
Γ= ZO =Characteristic Impedance Ω
SWR+ 1

 SWR=VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO SHORT CIRCUIT

Γ =−1 ; OPEN CIRCUIT Γ =1
USING INCIDENT AND REFLECTED VOLTAGE / CURRENT
V ref 2

( )
2
Pref R V
= = ref
P inc V inc 2
V inc
R
2 V ref
Γ =
V inc
 Γ=
√ Pref
Pinc
 NOTE: Pinc=P fwd [ Pfwd =Forward Power ]
AMOUNT OF POWER REFLECTED AS %:
2
% P ref =Γ ×100 % % P|¿|=100%−% P ¿ ref

STANDING WAVE RATIO

Z Z
SWR= O { Z O >Z L } ∨ L { Z L > Z O }
ZL ZO
∎ WHICHEVER IS LARGE R
∎ UNITLESS ! ! !
ALSO:
Y MAX Ei + Er I i+ I r
SWR= ; SWR= ∨SWR=
X MIN Ei−Er I i −I r
VSWR (VOLTAGE):
V max V MIN =Ei−Er
VSWR=
V min V max =Maximum Voltage on theline
V fwd V min =Minimum voltage on theline
VSWR=
V ref V fwd =Forward Voltage on theline
V inc V ref =Reflected Voltage on the line
VSWR=
V ref
V MAX= Ei+ Er
V inc =I ncident Voltage on the line ISWR (CURRENT):
I max I MAX =I i+ I r
ISWR=
I min I MIN =I i−I r
I fwd I max=Maximum Current on theline
ISWR=
I ref I min =MinimumCurrent on the line
I I fwd =Forward Voltage on the line
ISWR= inc
I ref
I ref =Reflected Voltage on theline
I inc=I ncident Voltage onthe line
 REFER TO LEGENDS ABOVE FOR CLARIFICATIONS

USING REFLECTION COEFFICIENT:

1+ Γ
SWR=
1−Γ
USING REFLECTED / INCIDENT (FORWARD) VOLTAGE:
V +V
VSWR= fwd ref
V fwd−V ref
USING REFLECTED / INCIDENT (FORWARD) POWERS:

VSWR=
1+
√ Pref
P f wd Pref =Reflected Power

1−
√ P ref
P fwd
Pfwd =Forward / Incident Power RETURN LOSS

R L=10 log 10
( )
Pinc
Pref
USING REFLECTION COEFFICIENT:
R L ( dB ) =−20 log 10 ( Γ )
VSWR TO RETURN LOSS:

R L=−20 log 10 ( VSWR−1

VSWR+1 )
dB

RETURN LOSS TO VSWR:

Return Loss(dB)
20
10 +1
VSWR= Return Loss(dB)
20
10 −1