ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM

FOR VEHICLE
Prepared By:

Name Enrollment No. Mobile No

RAI RAVI RAJ 206450309122 9106961400

SINGH RAJESH KUSHWAHA 206450309107 7984624191

TIWARI PRADEEP 206450309074 7984913219

INTWALA HARSH 206450309105 8320802308

PATEL RUDRA 206450309118 7698002461

Name of Guide
Mr. H.M Rathwa
Lecturer
Electrical Engineering Department,
Shri K. J. Polytechnic College,
Bharuch, Gujarat.

A Project Report Submitted to

Gujarat Technological University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For
The Diploma Engineering in Electrical Engineering
November – 2022

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SHRI K. J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH

I
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project work embodied in this Project Report

Entitled “ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE” was
carried out by Rai Ravi Raj (206450309122), Singh Rajesh Kushwaha
(206450309107), Tiwari Pradeep (206450309074) Intwala Harsh
(206450309105) Patel Rudra (206450309118) Studying at Shree K.J
Polytechnic (09) for partial fulfillment of Diploma of Engineering to be
awarded by Shree K.J Polytechnic. This research work has been carried out
under my guidance and supervision and it is up to my satisfaction.

Date:

Place: Bharuch

GUIDEDBY: HEAD OF DEPARTMENT:

MR.H.M RATHWA MR. S. C. PATEL

(LECTURER) (HOD ELECTRICAL DEPT.)

II
 SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC, BHARUCH

Institute Vision and Mission

Vision:

Be an Excellent Institute in Technical Education Committed to Fulfill the Needs of Industry and
Society.

Missions:

1) To Provide a Conducive Environment for Qualitative Learning and Nurture Teamwork.

2) To Forster the Skills of Employability, Innovation and Entrepreneurship among Students.
3) To Bridge the Gap between Curriculum and Needs of Society.

III
 Department Vision and Mission

Electrical Engineering Department

Vision:

Be a Department of Technical Excellence in Electrical Engineering imparting Latest Technical

Skills Complementary to the Industry and Society.

Missions:

1) To Impart Skill based Technical Education Significant to Electrical Engineering through

Conducive Environment for Qualitative Learning.
2) To Make up for the Shortfall between Academia and Needs of Society.
3) To Mould Students for Teamwork, Leadership, Moral and Ethical Values.

IV
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Might be lucky to express my fillings regarding the final year project in Diploma, and I
would like to express very deep appreciation and gratitude to Lect. H.M. RATHWA whose
contribution and guidance on this Project is undeniable. His valuable support, appreciation and
continuous efforts to make me think out of the box are the main reasons for the completion of
this project work. His inevitable help and patience resulted in the development of this innovative
idea into a complete Project Report.

I would like to thank all my college mates for their support and help. Because of them I
got some hands to help and very special thanks to my project team without them it might be not
possible to do this project alone.

I would like to thank all faculty members and non-teaching staff of Shree K J
Engineering College for their help and support throughout my Project work. I would like to
thank the Almighty to provide me such an opportunity and also make me patient and calm so that
I could think positively in the direction of future work and complete this work in time.

RAI RAVI RAJ

TIWARI PRADEEEP
INTWALA HARSH
PATEL RUDRA
RAJESH KUSHWAHA

V
 ABSTRACT

With population growth, the demand for vehicles has increased

tremendously, which has created an alarming situation in terms of traffic hazards
and road accidents. The road accidents percentage is growing exponentially and so
is the fatalities caused due to accidents. However, the primary cause of the
increased rate of fatalities is due to the delay in emergency services. Many lives
could be saved with efficient rescue services. The delay happens due to traffic
congestion or unstable communication to the medical units. The implementation of
automatic road accident detection systems to provide timely aid is crucial. Many
solutions have been proposed in the literature for automatic accident detection. The
techniques include crash prediction using smart phones, vehicular ad-hoc
networks; GPS/GSM based systems, and various machine learning techniques.
With such high rates of deaths associated with road accidents, road safety is the
most critical sector that demands significant exploration. In this paper, we present
a critical analysis of various existing methodologies used for predicting and
preventing road accidents, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and challenges
that need to be addressed to ensure road safety and save valuable lives.

VI
 INDEX
TITLE.........................................................................................................................................................I

CERTIFICATE........................................................................................................................................II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................V

ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................................VI

INDEX....................................................................................................................................................VII

LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................IX

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1

1.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1
1.2 MOTIVATION..................................................................................................................................2
1.3 PROBLEMS......................................................................................................................................3
1.4 OBJECTIVE......................................................................................................................................3
1.5 SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT..........................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATUREREVIEW..................................................................................................5

CHAPTER 3: COMPONENTS................................................................................................................6

3.1 EYE BLINK SENSOR......................................................................................................................6

3.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35).................................................................................................7
3.3 ALCOHOL SENSOR (MQ-3)...........................................................................................................8
How MQ3 Sensor Works?...................................................................................................................8
Specification of MQ3 Sensor...............................................................................................................9
Features of MQ3 Sensor......................................................................................................................9
3.4 ACCELEROMETER (ADXL 335 MEMS).......................................................................................9
3.5 GPS Module (SIM 28ML)...............................................................................................................10
3.6 BUZZER.........................................................................................................................................11
3.7 D.C. MOTOR (CONTROL SWITCH)............................................................................................11
3.8 UNO MICROCONTROLLER (ARDUINO R3).............................................................................12
CHAPTER 4:SOFTWARE PART...........................................................................................................14

4.1 ARDUINO IDE...............................................................................................................................14

4.2 MESSAGING APP..........................................................................................................................15
4.3 GOOGLE MAP...............................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 5: BACKGROUNDTHEORY..............................................................................................17

VII
 5.1 OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................................17
5.2 FEATURES.....................................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 6: METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................19

6.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE.................................................................................................................19

CHAPTER: 7 SYSTEM DESIGN..........................................................................................................20

7.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM........................................................................................................................20

7.2 ALGORITHM.................................................................................................................................21
7.3 FLOWCHART..................................................................................................................................22

7.4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM................................................................................................................23

7.5 PROBLEMS FACED......................................................................................................................24

RESULTS.................................................................................................................................................25

CONCLUSION &FUTURE SCOPE.....................................................................................................27

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................28

VIII
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. 1 PICTURE OF ACCIDENT.......................................................................................1

FIGURE 1. 2 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ACCIDENTS...........................................3

FIGURE 3. 1 EYE BLINK SENSOR..............................................................................................6

FIGURE 3. 2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR.....................................................................................7
FIGURE 3. 3 ALCOHOL SENSOR...............................................................................................8
FIGURE 3. 4 ACCELEROMETER (ADXL335)...........................................................................9
FIGURE 3. 5 GPS MODULE (SIM 28ML)..................................................................................10
FIGURE 3. 6 BUZZER.................................................................................................................11
FIGURE 3. 7 D.C. MOTOR..........................................................................................................11
FIGURE 3. 8 ARDUINO UNO R3...............................................................................................13

FIGURE 4. 1 CODING ARDUINO UNO....................................................................................14

FIGURE 4. 2 MESSAGE FROM THE ACCIDENT DETECTION DEVICE.............................15
FIGURE 4. 3 LIVE LOCATIONS FROM ACCIDENT PLACE.................................................16

FIGURE 7. 1 (A) BLOCK DIAGRAM.........................................................................................20

FIGURE 7. 2 (B) BLOCK DIAGRAM.........................................................................................21
FIGURE 7. 3 FLOWCHART........................................................................................................22
FIGURE 7. 4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM......................................................................................23

FIGURE 8. 1 OUTPUT DATA OF VEHICLE.............................................................................25

FIGURE 8. 2 MESSAGE RECEIVED FROM ACCIDENT PLACE.........................................26
FIGURE 8. 3 LIVE LOCATION OF VEHICLE..........................................................................26

IX
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
In today’s world there is a severe increase in the use of vehicles. Such heavy automobile
usage has increased traffic and thus resulting in a rise in road accidents. This takes a toll on the
property as well as causes human life loss because of unavailability of immediate preventive and
safety facilities. Complete accident prevention is unavoidable but at least repercussions can be
reduced. This embedded system can prevent the accident to occur and proper preventive
measures are taken in this system. The ambulance service and the police station can easily find
the location as the location along with the Google map link was sent to their smart devices with
mobile network accessibility. The system consists of eye blink sensor, temperature sensor,
alcohol sensor, accelerometer, GPS module, GSM module, motor, buzzer, led etc. and all these
devices are interfaced with the central micro controller unit. We are going to use eye blink sensor
for detecting sleep by setting the certain time limit, if the driver gets sleepy,\ we can warn him.
Temperature sensor helps us in detecting the heat of the engine and if the engine is overheated
then that of a normal condition, we can warn the driver. Alcohol sensor helps us in detecting if
the driver is drunk or not. If he/she is over drunk the vehicle provides warning and the engine
stops functioning. Accelerometer detects the occurrence of accident and sends signal to the micro
controller for further functioning. GPS module provides us the location, speed, time and date of
the certain place where the vehicle is in the real time. If accident occurs, the location of accident
that we get from the GPS is send to the ambulance service and police by the help of GSM
module. Everything might be all right after a simple accident so the driver can re-inform the
ambulance service and police station in this case.

Figure 1. 1 Picture Of Accident

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1.2 MOTIVATION
Currently there is no technology for accident detection. As it is done manually there is
loss of life in golden hours. The accident victim is dependent on the mercy of others to rush him
to hospital. Many times an accident goes unnoticed for hours before help comes.Due to all these
factors there is a high rate of mortality of the accident victims. In addition to this there is delay in
the ambulance reaching the hospital to the traffic congestion between accident location and
hospital which increases the chances of the death of victim.

Although automobiles save our lots of travelling time, the risk increases in travelling
because of the accidents. For the prevention from such accidents, we can use modern additional
technologies. In the context of our project, we have used some sensors, electronic modules and
microcontroller unit which helps us in providing prevention from accidents, detects the accident
if it occurs even after the preventive measures and reports the ambulance service.

 In 2020, every 100 road crashes claimed, on an average, 37 lives as recorded by police across
the country, the most in the last five years. Overall road deaths, however, reduced due to the
pandemic induced restrictions on vehicle movement for months.

A comparative analysis of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data from 2017 to 2020
shows that the number of lives lost per 100 road crashes was 35 in 2019, 34 in 2018 and 32 in
2017. This is also defined as “severity of accidents” and an indicator of how safe or unsafe roads
are.
According to the latest report on accidental deaths published by NCRB for 2020, the overall road
fatalities reduced by nearly 14%, from about 1.5 lakh in 2019 to 1.3 lakh during last year,
primarily on account of restrictions due to Covid-19. But indicators such as severity of crashes
and increased share of two-wheeler occupants’ deaths in total fatalities — from 36% in 2019 to
43.6% in 2020 — emerged as issues of concern.

“The NCRB report also shows how the number of road crashes increased as restrictions on
vehicle movement were lifted during the second half of 2020. This could be due to increased
number of vehicles and also signs of systemic problems such as traffic engineering and faulty
road designs that we need to fix rather than simply putting all the blame on road users,” said
Rohit Baluja, a road safety expert and president of the College of Traffic Management

2
 Figure 1. 2 Graphical representation of accidents
In fact, the data shows that the number of road crashes in 2020 recorded by police
departments touched the lowest ever in April at 8,350 and remained less than the figures of 2019 till
October. The traffic crashes spiked in November and December. In November last year, the number
of registered road crashes was 36,607 compared to 36,131 in 2019 and in December 2020, these
increased to 38,128 compared to 36,394 a year back.

1.3 PROBLEMS
The use of vehicles increases in the proportion of the population. Due to the traffic
congestion, the accidents are also increasing day by day. This causes the loss of life due to the
delay in the arrival of ambulance to the accident spot or from the accident spot to the hospital.
So, it is necessary to take the accident victim to the hospital as soon as possible. Whenever, the
accident occurs, it has to be informed to the investigation unit. So, it is also beneficial if the
intimation is reached to the enquiry section so that the time for the investigation can be
minimized.

1.4 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this project is to prevent the accident which happens due to
alcoholism of driver, sudden asleep and due to the overheating of engine. Certainly, if the
accident happens due to other cases, the used electronic devices will be able to provide the
spontaneous message and exact location to police and ambulance in order to recover victims.

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1.5 SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

 The project we are discussing has a wide range of practical scopes:

 The accident preventive measures can be use with all type of engine vehicles. i.e.
diesel/petrol engine.
 The GPS and GSM system can be used to determine over speed in restricted area and
charge penalty automatically decreasing human manpower, saving time and money.
 Reporting system can be used with Home security, personal security connecting with
family, vehicle security.
 And many more

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 CHAPTER 2: LITERATUREREVIEW

The products available in the market are not reliable when it comes to synchronizing more
than one parameter. The literature survey revealed that systems available in market has a major
disadvantage, it is specifically designed for one sole purpose like Accident detection, Accident
prevention or accident reporting.

These systems on their own have many advantages but these systems, but from cost point
we have to reconsider our decision to buy these products due to their lack of multitasking ability.
These systems are useful as it improves their functionalities by adding a feature to the existing
system will increase the redundancies. To overcome this disadvantage, we are proposing a
system which could increase the functionality and reliability such that it can prevent the vehicle
accident along with accident detection system and accident reporting to the ambulance service
and police station. Thus, our proposed system is much more advantageous over the existing
system. Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile
sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, besides innumerable applications
of which most people are never aware.

With advances in micro machinery and easy-to-use microcontroller platforms, the uses of
sensors have expanded beyond the traditional fields of temperature, pressure or flow
measurement, for example into MARG sensors. George Atwood invented the very first
accelerometer in the 1700s. The Atwood machine, as it was called, consists of masses on springs
where the velocity is calculated based on displacements experienced. The Global Positioning
System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the
United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. The GPS project was
started by the U.S. Department of Defence in 1973, with the first prototype spacecraft launched
in 1978 and the full constellation of 24 satellites operational in 1993.

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-
generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and
tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in December 1991. By the mid-2010s, it became a global
standard for mobile communications achieving over 90% market share, and operating in over
193 countries and territories. 2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G)
analog cellular networks. Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third-generation (3G) UMTS
standards, followed by the fourth-generation (4G) LTE Advanced and the fifth-generation 5G
standards, which do not form part of the ETSI GSM standard.

5
 CHAPTER 3: COMPONENTS

The hardware devices to be used for accident prevention, detection and reporting system are
Eye blink sensor, Temperature sensor, Alcohol sensor, Accelerometer, GPS module, GSM
module, Buzzers, Led, Microcontroller (Arduino Uno) , power supply, connecting wires etc.

3.1 EYE BLINK SENSOR

The eye blink sensor senses the eye blink using infrared signal. The variation across the eye will vary
as per the eye blink. If the eye is closed the output is high otherwise the output is low.

 The eye blink sensor is an infrared sensor. It contains two parts. A transmitter and a
receiver. The transmitter continuously emits infrared waves onto the eye. While the
receiver continuously looks for variations in the reflected waves which indicate that the
eye has blinked.
 If the eye is closed that means it will give high output. If the eye is open then it will give
a low output. 
 This sensor can be used in a very different variety of robotics and mechatronics projects
as it provides excellent results and is very economical.

Figure 3. 1 Eye Blink Sensor

6
3.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35)
LM35 is a precession Integrated circuit Temperature sensor, whose output voltage varies,
based on the temperature around it. It is a small and cheap IC which can be used to measure
temperature anywhere between -55°C to 150°C. It can easily be interfaced with any
Microcontroller that has ADC function or any development platform like Arduino.

The LM35 is one kind of commonly used temperature sensor that can be used to measure
temperature with an electrical o/p comparative to the temperature (in °C). It can measure
temperature more correctly compare with a thermistor. This sensor generates a high output
voltage than thermocouples and may not need that the output voltage is amplified. The LM35 has
an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature. The scale factor is .01V/°C.

Figure 3. 2 Temperature Sensor

LM35 does not need any exterior calibration and maintains an exactness of +/-0.4°C at
room temperature and +/-0.8°C over a range of 0°C to +100°C. One more significant
characteristic of this sensor is that it draws just 60 micro amps from its supply and acquires a low
self-heating capacity. The LM35 temperature sensor available in many different packages like
T0-46 metal can transistor-like package, TO-92 plastic transistor-like package, 8-lead surface
mountSO-8 small outline package.

7
3.3 ALCOHOL SENSOR (MQ-3)

MQ-3 module is suitable for detecting Alcohol, Benzine, CH4, Hexane, LPG, CO.
Sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air.
When the target alcohol gas exists, the sensor’s conductivity is higher along with the gas
concentration rising. MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Alcohol, and has good resistance to
disturb of gasoline, smoke and vapor. This sensor provides an analog resistive output based on
alcohol concentration. When the alcohol gas exists, the sensor’s conductivity gets higher along
with the gas concentration rising.

Figure 3. 3 Alcohol Sensor

How MQ3 Sensor Works?

The tabular sensing part of the sensor is made up of aluminium oxide which has a coating
of tin dioxide (SnO2). When this layer of SnO2 is heated at a high temperature, oxygen gets
adsorbed at the surface. So, when there is no alcohol, the electrons from the conduction band of
SnO2 get attracted towards the oxygen. Thus, this forms the depletion layer below the surface of
the SnO2. Hence, worked as a potential barrier that allows no current to flow.

8
When the layer senses the alcohol, oxygen is reacted with the alcohol, and the density of
adsorbed oxygen gets decreased. This reduces the potential barrier and electrons are allowed to
release into SnO2. As a result, the current starts to flow in a sensor.

Specification of MQ3 Sensor

 The operating voltage of the sensor is 5V.

 It consumes a current of 150 mA.
 It can detect the concentration of alcohol of about 0.05-10mg/L.
 The operating temperature range of the sensor is from 14 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit.
 The sensor requires a load resistance of 220K.

Features of MQ3 Sensor

 The MQ3 sensor belongs to the semiconductor sensor type.

 The sensor is compatible and can be interfaced with almost all microcontrollers.
 it has a low-power standby mode.
 the module has a great sensitivity for alcohol gas.
 MQ3 sensor requires the drive circuit.
 It has an easy SIP header interface.
 The sensor has a good durability rate.
 The module sensor is inexpensive and affordable.

3.4 ACCELEROMETER (ADXL 335 MEMS)

An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration. Proper acceleration,

being the acceleration (or rate of change of velocity) of a body in its own instantaneous rest
frame, is not the same as coordinate acceleration, being the acceleration in a fixed coordinate
system. For example, an accelerometer at rest on the surface of the Earth will measure
acceleration due to Earth’s gravity, straight upwards (by definition) of g ≈ 9.81 m/s2. By
contrast, accelerometers in free fall (falling toward the center of the Earth at a rate of about 9.81
m/s2) will measure zero.

Figure 3. 4 Accelerometer (adxl335)

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3.5 GPS Module (SIM 28ML)
A GPS navigation device, GPS receiver, or simply GPS is a device that is capable of receiving
information from GPS satellites and then to calculate the device’s geographical position. Using
suitable software, the device may display the position on a map, and it may offer directions. The
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) made up of a
network of a minimum of 24, but currently 30, satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department
of Defense.

Figure 3. 5 GPS Module (SIM 28ML)

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3.6 BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,

or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

Figure 3. 6 Buzzer

3.7 D.C. MOTOR (CONTROL SWITCH)

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced
by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the
motor.

Figure 3. 7 D.C. Motor

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3.8 UNO MICROCONTROLLER (ARDUINO R3)

The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on a removable, dual-inline-

package. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may
be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital
I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. it has one 5v output pin
and one 3.3v output pin. it also contains three ground pins.

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010.The
board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six
capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the
USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It
is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under
a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.

The word "Uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release
of Arduino Software. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino boards; it and
version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino, which have now evolved
to newer releases. The ATmega328 on the board comes pre programmed with a boot loader that
allows uploading new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.

12
 Figure 3. 8 Arduino Uno R3

13
 CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE PART
The software applications to be used for accident prevention, detection and reporting system are
Arduino IDE, Google map and messaging app.

4.1 ARDUINO IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions
from C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible
boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development
boards. A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called “sketch”. Sketches
are saved on the development computer as files with the file extension.io.
Arduino Software (IDE) prior to 1.0 saved sketches with the extension.pde.
Arduino IDE was created for people with no profound knowledge of electronics.
Arduino IDE also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons
for common functions and a series of menus.

Figure 4. 1 Coding Arduino Uno

14
4.2 MESSAGING APP
Messaging apps are apps and platforms that enable messaging, many of
which started around social networking platforms, but many of which have now
developed into broad platforms enabling status updates, chat bots, payments and
conversational commerce (e-commerce via chat)

Figure 4. 2 Message from the accident detection device

4.3 GOOGLE MAP

15
 Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers
satellite
imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets
(Street View), real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by
foot, car, bicycle and air (in beta), or public transportation.

Figure 4. 3 Live locations from accident place

16
 CHAPTER 5: BACKGROUNDTHEORY
Arduino is an open source project that created microcontroller based kits for building digital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.

5.1 OVERVIEW
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software project, created with a
simple aims in mind to be as simple as possible. Arduino is widely used by
artists, hackers and professionals to casually design prototype and experiment
with electronics. Can use it as brain for their robot, to build a new digital music
instrument, or to make your house plant tweet you when it’s dry. An Arduino
contains a microchip, which is a very small processor that you can program.
You can attach sensors to it so it can measure conditions like how much light
there is in the room). It can control how other objects react to those conditions
(room gets dark, LED turns on). The project is based on microcontroller board
designs, produced by several vendors using various microcontrollers.
Microcontrollers use inputs and outputs like a computer. Inputs capture
information from the user or the environment while outputs do something with
the information that has been captured. A switch and a sensor could be a digital
and an analog input respectively into the Arduino and any object we want to
turn on and off and control could be an output. It could be a motor or even a
computer. These systems provide sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O)
pins that can interface to various expansion boards (termed shields) and other
circuits. The boards feature serial communication interfaces, including
Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models for loading programs from
personal computers. For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project
provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on a programming
language named processing, which also supports the languages, C and C++. The
Arduino language is very similar to C. It’s almost the same language but
Arduino provides us with several libraries to make things a bit easier.

5.2 FEATURES
An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8, 16- or 32-bit AVR
microcontroller (although since 2015 other makers’ microcontrollers have been
used) with complementary components that facilitate programming and
incorporation into other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its
standard connectors, which let users connect the14 CPU board to a variety of
interchangeable add-on modules termed shields. Some shields communicate
with the Arduino board directly over various pins, but many shields are
individually addressable via 1°C serial bus-so many shields can be stacked and
used in parallel A handful of other processors have also been used by Arduino
compatible devices .Most boards include a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz

17
crystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in some variants). An Arduino’s
microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies
uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other
devices that typically need an external chip programmer. This makes using an
Arduino more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as
the programmer. Currently, opt boot loader is the default boot loader installed
on Arduino UNO. Some serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to
convert between RS-232 logic levels and transistor-transistor logic (TTL) level
signals. Current Arduino boards are programmed via Universal Serial Bus
(USB), implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FTDI
FT232. Some boards, such as later-model Uno boards, substitute the FTDI chip
with a separate AVR chip containing USB-to-serial firmware, which is
reprogrammable via its own ICSP header. Other variants, such as the Arduino
Mini and the unofficial Bo Arduino, use a detachable USB-to-serial adapter
board or cable, Bluetooth or other methods, when used with traditional
microcontroller tools instead of the Arduino IDE, standard AVR in-system
programming (ISP) programming is used. The Arduino board exposes most of
the microcontroller’s I/O pins for use by other circuits. The Decimal
Duemilanove and current Uno provide 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can
produce pulse-width modulated signals, and six analog inputs, which can also be
used as six digital I/O pins. These pins are on the top of the board, via
female0.1-inch (2.54 mm) headers. Several plug-in application shields are also
commercially available. The Arduino Nano, and Arduino-compatible Bare
Bones Board and Board uno boards may provide male header pins on the
underside of the board that can plug into solder less breadboard.

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 CHAPTER 6: METHODOLOGY

6.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

In this system at first, we worked on the prevention of vehicle accident
and even after all the preventive measures applied if the accident occurs the
system detects it. After the detection of vehicle accident, the system
automatically reports to the ambulance service and police station without any
time loss so that the casualty might not loss his/her life due to late in rescue. The
system is installed in the vehicle. As the preventive measures for vehicle
accident the sensors like MQ-3 alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor and LM35
temperature sensor are used. For the detection of vehicle accident accelerometer
is installed and for reporting GPS module and GSM module are used. Motor
(control switch) is used for engine control and buzzer, led lights etc. are used for
warning during prevention.

All these devices are interfaced with the central microcontroller

(Arduino Uno) unit. Alcohol sensor helps us in detecting if the driver is drunk or
not. If he/she is over drunk the vehicle provides warning and the engine stop
functioning.

Eye blink sensor is used for detecting the eye blink, if a driver gets sleepy, he gets
warned. Temperature sensor helps us in detecting the temperature of the engine and if the engine
is overheated then that of a normal condition, driver is warned with red colored LED.

Accelerometer detects the occurrence of accident and sends signal to the microcontroller
for further functioning. GPS module provides the location, speed, time and date of the certain
place where the vehicle is in the real time.

If accident occurs, the accelerometer detects it and location of accident is

obtained using GPS, and finally sends the information to the ambulance service
and police by the help of GSM module. The message obtained in mobile phone
consists of the location of the accidental place in the form of Google map link
which will help to the emergency units like ambulance service and police station
to reach the casualty in time and rescue the lives.

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 CHAPTER: 7 SYSTEM DESIGN

7.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 7. 1 (a) Block Diagram

The vehicle unit consist of alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor and temperature sensor as
preventive measures of an accident, buzzer and red light LEDs for alert. First alcohol
sensor detects the concentration of alcohol in driver, if it is found below the threshold
the motor rotates and vehicle is ready to be drive.

Whenever alcohol is detected the motor stops. Similarly, when the driver feels sleepy,
the eye blink sensor detects and alert the driver with buzzer and red colored led lights.
The system will also check temperature of engine continuously and keeps alerting if
found above threshold value of engine temperature. Vehicle unit also consists of
accelerometer which keeps on informing the coordinate of vehicle position to the
microcontroller. If it is found random, the GPS location tracker tracks and informs the
emergency number with values of latitude, longitude and google map position using
GSM SIM module.

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 Figure 7. 2 (b) Block Diagram

Vehicle unit sends the information to the emergency contacts like police control room
and ambulance unit.

7.2 ALGORITHM
Algorithm for the working of the system:

1. Start
2. First of all, the system is powered with the proper amount of power supply.
3. After the system is on, alcohol sensor detects if the driver is drunk or not. If
he/she is over drunk the system provides warning and the engine of the vehicle
stop functioning.
4. If no alcohol is detected then the vehicle starts properly or does not stop running.
5. Eye blink sensors detects whether the driver is drowsy or not. If the driver is
asleep the system warns him with alarm and red light alert.
6. Continuously Temperature sensor helps us in detecting the heat of the engine
and if the engine is overheated then that of a normal condition, driver gets red
light alert else keeps moving.
7. If accident occurs, accelerometer detects the occurrence of accident and sends
signal to the microcontroller for further functioning.
8. GPS module finds the location and GSM module sends message with latitude,
longitude and link of google map to emergency numbers of ambulance and
police.
9. Once the system is on, it continuously checks all the sensors by the help of
microcontroller (Arduino Uno) in order to perform all the prevention, detection
and reporting works.

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7.3 FLOWCHART

Figure 7. 3 Flowchart

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7.4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Figure 7. 4 Schematic Diagram

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7.5 PROBLEMS FACED
During the progress of our project, we came to encounter numerous problems that slowed our
progress. Some of the major problems are mentioned below:

 Due to the lack of electronics stores we could not get our hands on the equipment in
time, which was required in our project.

 As electronics devices are very sensitive to voltage and temperature and could be
damaged easily, few sensor and devices were damaged which resulted in delay in
time and increase in cost of project.

 Arduino IDE was corrupted, it took time to delete and install it again in computer.
This caused irregular output in serial monitor.

 Initially, GSM SIM card was not getting signal, later on changing the SIM card fixed
that problem.

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 RESULTS

Finally, on performing all the required procedure, we were able to implement our project on
“Accident Prevention, Detection and Reporting System” and the final output of the project is as
shown below:

In this 21’s century, with the continuous advancement in science and technology, more emphasis
is given for vehicle safety. With the increase in number of vehicle, the number of road accident
is also increasing day by day, so it is our duty to control it. Mostly the accident takes place
because of drunk drivers, drowsiness while driving and overheating of engine causing fire.
Implementation of this project will help to decrease the accident caused because of above reason.
The system is automatic, low cost and power efficient which makes it easy to install in vehicle.
Unfortunately, if accident happens to take place, the system detects it and with the help of GPS
exact location can be pointed and informed to emergency unit using GSM module. This helps to
save many lives by informing rescuing agent in time. Over all, this system is very affordable,
targets common people and easily implemented in all types of vehicles.

Figure 8. 1 Output Data of Vehicle

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 Figure 8. 2 Message Received From Accident Place

Figure 8. 3 Live Location of Vehicle

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 CONCLUSION &FUTURE SCOPE

The proposed system is developed to provide the information about the accident
occur and the location of the accident. It helps to easily provide the assistant and help to
the victim of the accident. This system uses GPS module to locate the vehicle. GSM is
used to provide the information of accident. The results of the proposed systems are
satisfactory. This system is implemented by using sound sensor, in order to make it more
accurate and efficient to detect an accident.

With the completion of this project there are certain enhancements that can be done.

They are as follows:

 Along with the stopping of vehicle after a driver is found drunk, he can be fined
automatically by connecting central system with traffic control room.
Scientifically proved music which keeps people awake, can be played time to time in
driver’s cabin.
 CCTV camera can be installed in the driver’s cabin and can be controlled from central
room of travel agencies, this can prevent accident considerably.
Vehicle unit can be connected with central server to find contact no. Of ambulance and
police control room.
 Vehicle if obtains over speed, the accelerometer can determine it and automatically
complain to traffic by which driver can be fined. This will limit the speed of vehicle and
can prevent from accident too.
 Surveillance using A.I. cameras and solving hit and run case.

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 REFERENCES

1. Arduino Based Vehicle Accident Alert System using GPS, GSM

andAccelerometerarduinoBy Saddam May 01,
2017(https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-based-accident-
alert-system-using-gps-gsm-accelerometer)

2. Accident Detection And Messaging System Using GSM And GPS

https://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/accident-detection-and-
messaging-system-using-gsm-and-
gpsSubmittedbyDeepakShekhawatonThu,12/02/2015 - 19:26

3. Accident Alert System Using GSM ,GPS and Accelerometer By monu suthar 2016 in
Arduino
https://www.instructables.com/id/Accident-Alert-System-Using-GSM-GPS-and
Accelerometer/

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075,
Volume-8 Issue-4S2 March, 2019 Accident Detection and Alert System T Kalyani, S Monika, B Naresh,
Mahendra Vucha

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