A Community Service Project Report on

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL BY PLANTATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY

MUTTA SRINIVAS AKHIL 20P31A0342

Under the guidance of

Mr. V. SURYA PRAKASH

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA & Accredited by NBA)

Aditya Nagar, ADB Road, Surampalem, Gandepalli Mandal, East Godavari- 5333437 , A.P
2022
 ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA & Accredited by
NBA , Accreated by UGC Under Sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956)
Aditya Nagar, ADB Road, Surampalem, Gandepalli Mandal, East Godavari- 5333437 ,
A.P

CERTIFICATE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the Community Service Project Report entitled “AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL BY PLANTATION” is being submitted by MUTTA SRINIVAS
AKHIL(20P31A0342), in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of ADITYA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, for the record ofbonfide work carried out by
him/her.

Dr. D. DANAIAH.P, MTech,., Ph.D. Mr.V.SURYA PRAKSH

PROFESSOR ASSOSIATE PROFESSOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 PROGRAM BOOK
FOR
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

University
 Community Service Project Report

Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree

of…MECHANICAL ENGINEERING……….

Name of the College: ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
Duration of the CSP: From……… To………
Department: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Name of the Faculty Guide: Mr. V. SURYA PRAKASH
Name of the Student: MUTTA SRINIVAS AKHIL

Programme of Study: POLLUTION CONTROL BY PLANTATION

Year of Study:THIRD YEAR

Register Number:9391934079

Date of Submission:

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 Student’s Declaration

MUTTA SRINIVAS AKHIL

I,__________________________________, a student of ________________ Program,
1460951 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Reg. No. ________________ of the Department of ______________,
ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
_____________________________ College do hereby declare that I have completed
TECHNOLOGY
the mandatory community service from ________ to _________ in
RAJAHMUNDRY
____________________ (Name of the Community/Habitation) under the Faculty
Mr V. SURYA PRAKASH (Name of the Faculty Guide), Department
Guideship of ___________________________,
of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
________________________________in College

(Signature and Date)

Endorsements

Faculty Guide : Mr. V. SURYA PRAKASH

Head of the Department: Mr. P. DAANAIYYAH

Principal:

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 Certificate from
Official of the Community
This is to certify that _______________________________ (Name of the Community Service
Volunteer) Reg. No __________________ of _____________________(Name of the College)
underwent community service in ______________________________(Name of the Community) from
___________ to __________ The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during
his/her community service is found to be ____________________ (Satisfactory/Good).

Authorized Signatory with Date and Seal

 Acknowledgements

I express our thanks to project guide Mr. V.SURYA PRAKASH, Associate Professor of
Mechanical Engineering, who deserves a special note of thanks and gratitude for having
extended their fullest co-operation and guidance, without this, project would never have
materialized.

I express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. PULI DANAIAH, Professor and Head of
the Department of Mechanical Engineering for having shown keen interest at every stage of
development of our project and for guiding us in every aspect.

I wish to express our special thanks to our beloved Dr. DOLA SANJAY S, Principal &
Professor for giving guidelines and encouragement.

I wish to express our special thanks to our beloved Dr. A.RAMA KRISHNA, Dean &
Professor for giving guidelines and encouragement.

I wish to express sincere gratitude to our beloved and respected Dr. N.SESHA REDDY,
Chairman and Dr. N.SATHISH REDDY, Vice-chairman for their encouragement and
blessings.

I am thankful to all our faculty members of the Department for their valuable
suggestions. Our sincere thanks are also extended to all the teaching and non-teaching staff
of Aditya College of Engineering and Technology

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 Contents

S.NO ACTIVITY PAGE.NO

1) CHAPTER 1

2) CHAPTER 2

3) CHAPTER 3

4) CHAPTER 4

5) CHAPTER 5

6) CHAPTER 6

7) PHOTOS AND
VIDEO LINKS

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 CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

About Community

My community is Rajahmundry which was located in East Godavari district’

Andhra Pradesh of population 4,76,873. There are around 10,00,000 vehicles
In Rajahmundry. And Rajahmundry is an Industrial city which ha many
Government and private industries like paper mill , Vajra brick industries
Coastal Automobiles private limited, etc. We all know that the industries and
The vehicles are the signature of development likewise they are also the
main cause of pollution increase in the city.

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 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY

This is a large industrial city in the Eastern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
The city has been a major trading hub for centuries, but it was in the late
19th century that it became an important center for the cotton trade.The main
export around Rajahmundry is cotton, next to this other industries such as
engineering industries and pharmaceuticals have emerged. Lakshmi Mills
Limited is a major textile industry and employer in the city. Total Crude Oil
production from Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal together accounts for
about 20% of India's national oil refining capacity.Despite its economic
significance Rajahmundry lacks an international airport which restricts its
ability to trade internationally and compete with regional centers like
Mumbai or Chennai.—Rajahmundry is a city in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is
a part of the Vijayawada metropolitan area. Rajahmundry has been a
significant site for the production and trading of cotton textiles from pre-
colonial times, and as such it figures notably in the histories of Telugu
cinema, Hinduism and Andhra culture.In late 19th century, it was referred as
"a town which has risen from its ashes" to commemorate its reconstruction
following its devastation by a cyclone that had hit the city on 4 November
1876.The industries in the city include oil extraction and refining, heavy
engineering industries including steel manufacturing and foundries such as
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Automotive factories such as
Hindustan Motors Limited (HMEL) producing Ambassador cars; chemicals
industry such as Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL).—
Rajahmundry is a city in Andhra Pradesh which is situated on the left bank
of the Godavari River.It has been an important trading town for centuries and
was the first capital of Andhra Pradesh.The old name for this place was
Rajamahendravaram, which means “Kingdom of King Mahendra”, who
reigned from nearby Draksharamam during the 14th century

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 CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART

The values that I leant in the project

 It initiated a team process with the student groups in our class for societal
change.

 It provided us students an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the

urban / rural community we live in.

 It enabled students to engage in the development of the community.

 It made us plan activities based on the focused groups.

It taught us the way of transforming society through systematic programme

implementation

The technical skills that I learnt

1. Keyboarding Skills
Typing is one of the first computer skills a young child develops, and early keyboarding
instruction is critical to preventing the development of bad habits that are difficult to break.
For example, students lacking formal keyboarding instruction are more likely to type with
only one finger or stare at the keyboard while they type.
Middle school students should be able to type 15-25 words per minute. If your child is
behind, they can easily catch up to the skill level they need to meet by dedicating 15-45
minutes daily, or a few days a week, to developing their keyboarding skills. There are
thousands of free websites like Typing Club and Dance Mat Typing designed specifically to
improve keyboarding skills.

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 • 2. Using Web Browsers
Computer-literate students understand how to use major browsers like
Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Safari and can switch between them naturally.
They can add websites to “Bookmarks” or “Favorites” and understand how
to clear browser history, cache, and cookies to resolve performance issues.
3. Working with Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office is one of the world’s most popular business solutions with
and is widely used in both the academic and professional fields. As such,
your student should be

familiar with its most well-known programs by the time they reach high school.
These include:
Microsoft Word. Word is arguably the most popular word processing and
document creator program available. Your student will have a leg up as they enter
high school if they can use this application to:
 Create, format, save, and edit documents in Word

 Add tables and graphics to documents

 Adjust margins and spacing

 Check word counts

 Create headers and footers

 3.Use track changes

Excel. Students should be able to use this spreadsheet program to organize
information, sort and filter data, and create charts and graphs.
PowerPoint. Mastery of this slide program allows students to make effective
presentations as part of reports for school and in their future workplaces.
Students entering high school should be able to create basic presentations
with text, pictures, and objects.
Visit the Microsoft Office training page to find tutorials for these and other
useful programs. An online student sitting at a table and learning about
computers for beginners.

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4. File Maintenance and Organization
Schoolwork adds up, and with hundreds of files saved to a student’s hard drive, the need
for a system that addresses how and where students store their work is imperative. To
ensure a student’s computer continues to function at its best, students must understand
how to:
Create and label folders
File content in folders and know that each folder may hold individual files or additional
folders with subfolders.
Read file suffixes and interpret their importance (e.g., that a file ending in .docx will open
in Microsoft Word, and .xls will open in Microsoft Excel )
Use external drives, such as flash drives
Transfer and share cloud files, such as via Dropbox, Microsoft’s OneDrive, and Google
Drive Visit our computer maintenance checklist to learn more about computers,
organization, and helping your student keep their device in excellent condition.

5. Email Etiquette
Computers offer many communication channels, such as email, chat, and social media
posts. To use these channels correctly, your child needs to understand how messages
should change depending on the context. For example, students must understand that
writing an email is very different from writing a text message. If your student is partial to
text-speak in most of their writing, try this quick compare/contrast exercise to help them
grasp the differences between texting and email etiquette:
Fold a landscape-oriented paper in half, then unfold it. Label the left “texting” and the
right “email.”
Fill the upper portion of each side with an example text and email written to a relative or
friend. Be sure the example text uses text-speak and shorthand heavily, while the example
email should follow proper email etiquette, which includes a subject line, greeting, body
text, and salutation. Furthermore, the email should use formal word choice, complete
sentences, and good grammar. Ask your child to identify the differences between the text
and email. Then review any differences they missed together.

Finally, have your child create their own text and email on the bottom half of the paper
addressed to their favorite superhero or other fictional characters. Remind them to follow
your example.
Review your student’s work and address anything they missed in the mock email.
Continue to practice proper email etiquette monthly by creating real emails to family and
friends.
If you think your child is too young, don't feel pressured to get them an email address.
Kids can email grandparents or other trusted adults using a shared family email. Also,
remind your student that both email and virtual school etiquette applies to emails with
teachers or peers.

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6. Using the Internet for Research
High school papers, assignments, and presentations often involve Internet research. Therefore, students
need strong enough Internet navigation abilities to perform research for online high school courses.
 Conducting an effective search with a search engine (e.g., Google, Bing, Yahoo) using advanced
search commands

 Evaluating web resources for authority, currency, purpose, and content

 Identifying legitimate resources

 Fact-checking information

 Understanding copyrights, licenses, and plagiarism in a digital environment and how to

cite online sources in papers
While students don’t have too much trouble typing their queries into search engines like Google, they
aren’t as effective at identifying legitimate sources or fact-checking.
Your kids will need your support in determining whether Internet sources are trustworthy. You want
to show them how to think critically. For older students, work on identifying fake news, avoiding
plagiarism, and writing citations.
An online student working with their learning partner learning about basic computer skills.

7. Basic Computer Skills: Troubleshooting

The ability to troubleshoot and fix common computer issues is a must-have for everyone who uses a
computer regularly. When this is missing, it’s easy for students to claim they can’t do their work, as the
computer is “broken.” However, once kids master these troubleshooting skills, they easily solve their own
problems.
Faced with “broken” computers, K–8 technology teacher Jacqui Murray created this Quick Tech Fixes for
Kids infographic. It provides solutions for the 16 most common problems her students reported, such as a
non-loading website, a frozen program, and a disappearing toolbar. Tape a copy of the infographic to your
student’s school desk. With a bit of practice, they won’t need any assistance at all.

8. Digital Safety and Security

Another lesson that virtual school students must learn is how to be safe when going online. You may have
taught your child to avoid suspicious sites and emails and stay safe on social networks, but the bad guys
online get more devious every day. Here are some tips that can help kids stay safe online:

 Turn on the “Do Not Track Tool” on your browsers.

 Make strong passwords and never share them.

 Never click on emails or texted links from unfamiliar senders.

 Learn to look closely at emails, texts, landing pages, etc., to spot misspellings, bad

grammar, and other signs of potential phishing.

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• The life skills that I learnt during this project

• 1. Empathy
Empathy is the ability to identify with and understand another person’s experience and
point of view. NASW defines it as "the act of perceiving, understanding, experiencing and
responding to the emotional state and ideas of another person."

• 2. Communication
Communication – both verbal and non-verbal – is a vital skill for social workers. The
ability to communicate clearly with a wide range of people is essential. It is the duty of
social workers to advocate for their clients – in order to do this, social workers must
understand the client’s needs. In addition to being cognizant of body language and other
non-verbal cues, this means communicating appropriately and effectively with clients
regardless of cultural background, age, gender, literacy skill level or disability. Social
workers must also communicate with care providers, colleagues, and agencies, and must
document and report information in a clear manner.

• 3. Organization
We have busy schedules and a wide range of responsibilities in addition to managing and
supporting multiple clients, including documentation, reporting, billing and collaboration.
This requires social workers to be very organized and able to prioritize clients’ needs in
order to effectively manage cases. Disorganization and poor time management could cause
a social worker to overlook a client’s needs and result in negative outcomes.

• 4. Critical thinking
Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information gathered from unbiased observation
and communication. Social workers must be able to objectively evaluate each case by
collecting information through observation, interviews and research. Thinking critically
and without prejudice enables social workers to make informed decisions, identify the best
resources and formulate the best plan to help clients.

• 5. Active listening
Active listening is necessary for social workers to understand and identify a client’s needs.
Listening carefully, concentrating, asking the right questions, and utilizing techniques such
as paraphrasing and summarizing also helps social workers to engage and establish trust
with clients.

• 6. Self-care
Social work can be demanding and emotionally stressful, so it is important to engage in
activities that help you to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Self-care refers to
practices that help to reduce stress and improve health and well-being – engaging in these
practices helps to prevent burnout and compassion fatigue and is crucial to having a
sustainable career. By taking the time to care for ourselves.

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7. Cultural competence
Working effectively with clients from diverse backgrounds requires
social workers to be respectful and responsive to cultural beliefs and
practices. Social workers must be knowledgeable and respectful of their
clients’ cultural backgrounds and must, as stated by NASW, “examine
their own cultural backgrounds and identities while seeking out the
necessary knowledge, skills, and values that can enhance the delivery of
services to people with varying cultural experiences associated with their
race, ethnicity, gender, class, sexual orientation, religion, age or
disability.” Possessing a non-judgmental attitude and an appreciation for
diversity and the value of individual differences enables social worker to
provide clients with what they need.
8. Patience
We encounter an array of circumstances and individuals in their work. It
is important to have patience to work through complex cases and with
clients who need longer periods of time to make progress. This
empowers social workers to understand the client’s situation and avoid
hasty decision-making and frustration that can lead to costly errors and
poor outcomes for the client.
9. Professional commitment
Being successful in social work requires lifelong learning. Social
workers must have a professional commitment to social work values and
ethics, and to continuously developing professional competence. This
commitment is necessary for fulfilling the mission of social workers –
“to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of
all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of
people who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty.”
10. Advocacy
We learnt to promote social justice and empower clients and
communities through advocacy. Advocacy skills enable social workers to
represent and argue for their clients and to connect them with needed
resources and opportunities, especially when clients are vulnerable or
unable to advocate for ourselves.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily
& Learning Outcome Charge
activity
Date Signature

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 1 (From Dt………..….. to Dt………..…..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily
& Learning Outcome Charge
activity
Date Signature

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 2 (From Dt………..….. to Dt………..…..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily
& Learning Outcome Charge
activity
Date Signature

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 3 (From Dt………..….. to Dt………..…..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FORTH WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily
& Learning Outcome Charge
activity
Date Signature

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 4 (From Dt………..….. to Dt………..…..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily
& Learning Outcome Charge
activity
Date Signature

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 5 (From Dt………..….. to Dt………..…..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

Day Person In-

Brief description of the daily
& Learning Outcome Charge
activity
Date Signature

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 6 (From Dt………..….. to Dt………..…..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

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CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

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Describe the problems you have identified in the community

The problems that I’ve noticed are :

1)Many people are having breathing problems lately

2)They are saying that its getting hard to breath

3)I’ve noticed that the AQI levels and the pollution causing elements like CO, CO2, NO2,
and humidity and temperature have gone very high

4)The excess usage of vehicles and the pollution increase in the paper mill located in
Rajahmundry and different industries at Dhaveleswaram causing the abnormal increase
of pollution at Rajahmundry.

5)As per my survey ive noticed that every family have more than enough vehicles.

6) Generally the plants purify the air pollution but due to devolopment the plants are
getting reduced

7)But as per reports the pollution is 3.6 times more than the plants purification rate

8)It means the pollution is increasing 3.6 times faster and heavier than plants .

9)The immediate action for the problem is to plant trees and to reduce the pollutants .
Short-term and long-term action plan for possible solutions for the problems identified and that
could be recommended to the concerned authorities for implementation.

Air pollution is a major environmental and public health issue. Long term methods for
preventing air pollution include investing in green technologies, reducing the number of
vehicles, promoting public transit and electric cars, and cleaning up industrial plants .

Short term methods for preventing air pollution include regulating industrial plants to reduce
pollutant emissions, implementing traffic restrictions on vehicles or days when air quality is
poor, and creating awareness about the consequences of burning fossil fuels for heating
buildings in winter .

Short term methods can be implemented more quickly than long term ones because they are
less drastic. For example, some factories that produce pollutants like sulphur dioxide can be
required to reduce their emissions by wearing filters or upgrading their facilities to produce
less pollutants.

These factories should also be regulated by the government so as to not emit any excess
pollutants into the environment.

There are two main methods to control air pollution, short term and long-term : Short-term
methods are mainly concerned with reducing emissions from sources of pollution and may
include prohibition of local industries . Long-term strategies aim at reducing the concentration
of air pollutants through emission reduction or pollutant removal from the source.

Air pollution is a global health crisis that’s only getting worse. In Beijing, air pollution
contributes to US$1.4 billion in medical costs and 6,70,000 years of life lost each year
according to the World Bank . The problem with air pollution is that it's a long-term problem
and there are so many factors contributing to it. As such, the solutions for preventing air
pollution are also long-term strategies:- Building more public transportation that doesn't rely
on fossil fuels such as electric buses or high speed rail- Developing renewable energy sources
such as solar panels and wind turbines - Implementing stricter emissions standards for cars and
factories.

And planting as many plants possible . The plantation and forestation and developing gardens
at home and cleaning the parks will decrease the pollution . By planting the plants which
release more oxygen and which purifies air should be planted in large scale at residential areas
Description of the Community awareness programme/s conducted w.r.t the
problems and their outcomes.

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 Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t the
habitation/village.

POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms. Pollution can have
negative impacts on the environment and human health. Pollution is often classed as
point source or nonpoint source pollution. Point sources are those that emit pollution
directly into the environment, such as a smokestack from a factory. Nonpoint sources
are those that emit pollution indirectly, such as runoff from a farm field.
The term "pollution" can also refer to any substance - both man-made and natural -
that degrades the quality of the environment by contaminating it. The substances of
concern for air pollution include gases (e.g., carbon monoxide), particulate matter
(e.g., soot), and odors (e.g., formaldehyde). Water pollutants include detergents, oils,
heavy metals and radioactive materials; examples of soil pollutants are pesticides and
polycyclic aromatic hydrocar
Air pollution is a major problem that is causing a lot of damage to the environment.
It can be found in many different forms, such as smoke, smog, soot and dust. These
are all different types of air pollution that are caused by different things that emit
harmful chemicals into the atmosphere.
There are many sources of air pollution, but the main ones are vehicles and factories.
Vehicles release carbon monoxide and other gases into the air when they burn fuel
for energy. Factories release toxic chemicals from their exhaust pipes into the
atmosphere as well.

AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution is a problem that affects millions of people every day. It is not just an
environmental issue, but also a social and economic one.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 7 million people die
each year from illnesses related to air pollution. In addition, the WHO estimates that
it costs the world $225 billion annually in healthcare costs and lost work days.
Air pollution can cause or worsen chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma,
bronchitis, and emphysema. It can also cause heart disease and lead to strokes by
damaging blood vessels in the brain. It has been linked with some cancers including
lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer.
Air pollution is a significant problem in the world. It's a global challenge that
threatens the health of billions of people and causes billions of dollars in damage to
the world's economies.
The World Health Organization estimates that over 80% of people worldwide live in
places where air pollution levels exceed WHO limits, placing them at risk for serious
health conditions like stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
In 2016, WHO estimated that air pollution caused around 7 million deaths worldwide
with more than half coming from non-communicable diseases such as stroke or heart
disease.

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulates, or biological particles into

the atmosphere.
Air pollution can be caused by human activity or natural processes. It is a type of
environmental pollution that specifically refers to the release of chemicals and
particulates into Earth's atmosphere that are harmful to humans and other living
organisms. The two most common types of air pollutants are particulate matter (PM)
and ground-level ozone (O3).
The UN has estimated that about 92% of human-caused air pollution comes from the
burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, diesel and natural gas. Other sources include
construction dust, farming activities such as animal husbandry, vegetation burning
like forest fires or agricultural fields, and some industrial processes such as steel
production or chemical manufacturing.

This section will introduce the dangers of air pollution. It will also explore some of
the causes and effects of air pollution as well as provide strategies for reducing it. The
section will cover two main topics:
- Health effects and causes
- Strategies for reducing air pollution

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental challenges of our time. It affects
every country, whether developing or developed. It’s a problem that is getting worse
every year, with air pollution levels reaching record highs in many cities worldwide.
This infographic looks into why air pollution is such a problem and what we can do to
solve it.
The Problem: Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk to humans,
causing seven million premature deaths worldwide each year and harming people's
quality of life
The Issue: Air quality has worsened for years, with records showing that 40% of the
world's population live in areas where the quality does not meet WHO guidelines
The Solutions: A transition from fossil fuels to clean energy sources would
significantly decrease air pollution; even those who don't change their habits can
benefit from cleaner air if it doesn't meet WHO standards

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Air Pollution refers to the presence of harmful gases and particles in the
atmosphere. Air pollution is a major issue for many cities in the developing world,
but it is also a problem in developed countries.
Both indoor and outdoor air pollution can have an impact on one's health and
quality of life. Research has shown that there are links between air pollution
exposure and increased adverse effects on human health. These include more
frequent asthma attacks, breathing difficulties, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer.
Air pollution can also affect agricultural production through soil respiration, crop
sterility, poor seedling growth and reduced food quality. Researchers have found
that increases in air pollutants lead to significant reductions in leaf area index as
well as biomass production by plants such as soybean plants.

The air we breathe should be clean and free of pollution. This is not the case in
most parts of the world. The major pollutant is carbon dioxide from fossil fuel that
causes acid rain, global warming, and ozone layer depletion. One solution to this
is planting more trees and other plants in urban areas to remove pollutants from
the air and produce oxygen.

Air pollution
Pollution is a broad term that describes the contamination of the environment by
unwanted chemicals, particulate matter, or biological agents. Pollution can be
either man-made or natural. At times pollution can be both man-made and natural.
Plantation
A plantation is an area of land where trees are grown, often on large farms for
purposes such as harvesting timber and production of forest products. Plantations
are typically established by planting many fast growing trees in rows with all of
their branches facing outward in the same direction to maximize space and
sunlight exposure so that they may grow as quickly as possible before the spacing
becomes too crowded for new trees to grow.

Air Pollution
Air pollution is the presence of contaminants in the air that cause adverse effects
on humans and the ecosystem. Air pollution is often an invisible killer. It can
result from human activities such as deforestation, coal burning, animal farming,
and from natural sources like volcanoes and dust storms.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 4 million people die
each year due to exposure to polluted or insufficiently clean air. The common
causes of death attributed to air pollution include heart disease, strokes, breathing
problems and lung cancer.
Pollution-related respiratory diseases affect children more severely than adults
because their lungs are not fully developed yet and they are more likely to be
active outdoors. In developing countries where ambient air pollution
concentrations are high, more than 5 million children under five years old have
such severe lung damage that they arePage No:
no longer able to breathe properly (6).
The most serious health consequences of air pollution come from fine particulate
matter in the form of soot
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the presence of contaminants in the air that cause adverse
effects on humans and the ecosystem. Air pollution is often an invisible killer.
It can result from human activities such as deforestation, coal burning, animal
farming, and from natural sources like volcanoes and dust storms.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 4 million people
die each year due to exposure to polluted or insufficiently clean air. The
common causes of death attributed to air pollution include heart disease,
strokes, breathing problems and lung cancer.
Pollution-related respiratory diseases affect children more severely than adults
because their lungs are not fully developed yet and they are more likely to be
active outdoors. In developing countries where ambient air pollution
concentrations are high, more than 5 million children under five years old
have such severe lung damage that they are no longer able to breathe properly
(6).
The most serious health consequences of air pollution come from fine
particulate matter in the form of soot.

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of the following: 21% nitrogen, 78%

oxygen (plus many other gases in small quantities), and 1% argon. Every time
you breathe, you're taking in oxygen. This gas is produced by plants. There
are three main types of plants that produce oxygen: ferns, mosses, and
conifers.
Ferns produce a lot of oxygen but are not very efficient about it because they
require too much water and sunlight to grow well. Mosses do not need as
much water or light to live but they only produce a small amount of oxygen
per square foot. Conifers like pines and spruce trees are the best type of plant
for producing the most amount of oxygen per unit area per year because they
can grow in any climate without any special care or watering.
This section will cover the function, importance, and construction of oxygen
plants.
Oxygen is a major component of air which is necessary for the survival of
both humans and plants. Plants obtain their oxygen from water and some use
gas diffusion through the stomata in leaves. Oxygen is also released during
photosynthesis by plants and some algae that convert carbon dioxide and
water into organic compounds, including glucose. Humans are able to obtain
oxygen from air which they inhale. The importance of oxygen to humans is
evidenced by the fact that we notice lack of it as soon as one minute into
exposure when our blood starts becoming saturated with CO2 instead
(Sauerbrey et al., 2008). In addition to providing us with O2, atmospheric
ozone filters UV-B radiation from sunlight (Haigh et al., 2009) which would
be harmful if it reached Earth’s surface unprotected.
The construction process begins with gathering raw materials like natural gas
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or coal, heating them
The oxygen plant is one of the most important structures in a spacecraft. It
provides a breathable atmosphere to all the astronauts and other space travelers on
board.
In order for it to work, oxygen plants need greenhouses, which produce oxygen
from water and carbon dioxide in a process called photosynthesis. The
greenhouses are where the plants can thrive.
Oxygen plants are found throughout the Solar System, but they are especially
abundant on Mars. This is because the Martian atmosphere has 96% carbon
dioxide and only 0.13% oxygen - so there's much more work to do!

INTRODUCTION ABOUT RAJAHMUNDRY CITY

This is a large industrial city in the Eastern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The
city has been a major trading hub for centuries, but it was in the late 19th century
that it became an important center for the cotton trade.The main export around
Rajahmundry is cotton, next to this other industries such as engineering industries
and pharmaceuticals have emerged. Lakshmi Mills Limited is a major textile
industry and employer in the city. Total Crude Oil production from Eastern Ghats
and Bay of Bengal together accounts for about 20% of India's national oil refining
capacity.Despite its economic significance Rajahmundry lacks an international
airport which restricts its ability to trade internationally and compete with regional
centers like Mumbai or Chennai.—Rajahmundry is a city in Andhra Pradesh,
India. It is a part of the Vijayawada metropolitan area. Rajahmundry has been a
significant site for the production and trading of cotton textiles from pre-colonial
times, and as such it figures notably in the histories of Telugu cinema, Hinduism
and Andhra culture.In late 19th century, it was referred as "a town which has risen
from its ashes" to commemorate its reconstruction following its devastation by a
cyclone that had hit the city on 4 November 1876.The industries in the city
include oil extraction and refining, heavy engineering industries including steel
manufacturing and foundries such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL),
Automotive factories such as Hindustan Motors Limited (HMEL) producing
Ambassador cars; chemicals industry such as Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
Limited (IDPL).—Rajahmundry is a city in Andhra Pradesh which is situated on
the left bank of the Godavari River.It has been an important trading town for
centuries and was the first capital of Andhra Pradesh.The old name for this place
was Rajamahendravaram, which means “Kingdom of King Mahendra”, who
reigned from nearby Draksharamam during the 14th century

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The pollution levels in Rajahmundry are rising at a very alarming rate and the
city is gradually becoming white-washed with pollution. The air is thick with
smoke from vehicles, burning of crop residues, and firecrackers during Diwali
celebrations.It is time to put an end to this issue and push forth measures that
will help in reducing the pollution levels of Rajahmundry.—A major concern in
the city of Rajahmundry, India is the pollution caused by a number of small-
scale industries.Pollution has been a problem in Rajahmundry for decades, with
the small-scale industries being blamed for contributing to the pollution.The
Indian government has targeted the pollutants released by these industries and
this has led to some changes in environmental regulation and management.
However, it remains to be seen if these changes will have any effect on
improving air quality in this city.—Pollution is a major impact factor in the
developed countries. Pollution not only harms people but also the environment.
Recently, Rajahmundry has been observed to be one of the most polluted place
in India.Rajahmundry, a city in Andhra Pradesh, is experiencing acute air
pollution as its geographical location near to the Bay of Bengal. The air quality
index (AQI) is a number that tells you how clean or polluted your air is and what
health effects might be anticipated for somebody who breathes such air for 24
hours.

POLLUTION CONTROL IN RAJAHMUNDRY

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into either the environment or any

system that is naturally capable of sustaining life, such as the human
ecosystem.The contaminants can come from man-made or natural sources. In
today's world, these contaminants are generally created by burning fossil fuels or
through various chemical reactions in our atmosphere as well as in certain home
and industrial settings.This pollution can create many forms of environmental
problems, like acid rain, smog and toxic waste. Pollution also negatively impacts
animal life and plants.—The pollution control board is no doubt doing a
commendable job as it has adopted some of the best practices and methods to
control pollution in the city.The methods used to control pollution are highly
effective but they might be expensive, time consuming, or do not work—
Pollution control in Rajahmundry is a major issue, which needs to be tackled.
The pollution level in the city has reached alarming levels and requires
immediate action by the government.The government should not only look at
controlling the emissions, but must also ensure that these emissions are of less
harmful nature

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Pollution control is a crucial issue in the modern, industrialized society. People have
always found ways to clear and clean the environment. Different methods are used
to control pollution and different methods are used depending on what kind of
pollution is present.Air Pollution Control: Air pollution control has been aided by
chemical catalytic converters that take care of nitric oxide and hydrocarbons in
vehicle exhausts. These devices convert these toxic substances into less harmful
gases like nitrogen oxide and water vapor.Water Pollution Control: While we all
understand the need for water conservation, this does not address the problem of
water pollution. The world’s rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and groundwater sources
are often polluted by raw sewage from homes or industrial wastes from factories
that dump chemicals or toxic material into them without concern for their
downstream effects on people’s health or quality of life . Land Pollution Control:
When fertilizer from farms run off fields, it ends up at lakes—Pollution is a major
issue in many cities in the world. One of the most common sources of pollution is
vehicular traffic . Pollution control methods are adopted by many cities to reduce air
and water pollution. These methods usually involve:- Pollution control techniques
(i.e., sewage, water treatment, waste disposal)- Air pollution control techniques (i.e.,
alternate energy production)- Noise pollution control techniques (i.e., sound
barriers)—The Pollution Control Board of the Government of Andhra Pradesh has
set up a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Rajahmundry

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CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE MINI
PROJECT

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 Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project
Student Name:

Registration No:

Period of CSP: From: To:

Date of Evaluation:

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: Letter grade of CGPA calculation to be provided

1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Student

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 Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community / Habitation

Student Name:

Registration No:
Period of CSP: From: To:

Date of Evaluation:

Name of the Person in-charge:

Address with mobile number:

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the Student’s self-
evaluation

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Supervisor

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PHOTOS & VIDEO LINKS

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EVALUATION

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 Internal Evaluation for the Community Service Project

Objectives:
 To facilitate an understanding of the issues that confront the vulnerable /
marginalized sections of society.
 To initiate team processes with the student groups for societal change.
 To provide students an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the urban
/ rural community they live in.
 To enable students to engage in the development of the community.
 To plan activities based on the focused groups.
 To know the ways of transforming society through systematic programme
implementation.

Assessment Model:
 There shall only be internal evaluation.
 The Faculty Guide assigned is in-charge of the learning activities of the
students and for the comprehensive and continuous assessment of the
students.
 The assessment is to be conducted for 100 marks.
 The number of credits assigned is 4. Later the marks shall be converted into
grades and grade points to include finally in the SGPA and CGPA.
 The weightings shall be:

o Activity Log 20 marks

o Community Service Project Implementation 30 marks
o Mini Project Work 25 marks
o Oral Presentation 25 marks
 Activity Log is the record of the day-to-day activities. The Activity Log is
assessed on an individual basis, thus allowing for individual members
within groups to be assessed this way. The assessment will take into
consideration the individual student’s involvement in the assigned work.
 While evaluating the student’s Activity Log, the following shall be
considered -
a. The individual student’s effort and commitment.
b. T h e originality a n d quality of the w o r k produced b y the individual
student.
c. The student’s integration and co-operation with the work assigned.
d. The completeness of the Activity Log.
 The assessment for the Community Service Project implementation shall
include the following components and based on Weekly Reports and

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Outcomes Description
a. Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the village/habitation.
b. Problems identified.
c. Community Awareness Programs organized.
e. Suggested Short-Term and Long-Term Action Plan.

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 MARKS STATEMENT
(To be used by the Examiners)

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 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT STATEMENT

Name Of the Student:

Programme of Study:
Year of Study:
Group:
Register No/H.T. No:
Name of the College:
University:

Maximum Marks
Sl.No Evaluation Criterion
Marks Awarded
1. Activity Log 20
2. Community Service Project Implementation 30
3. Mini Project Work 25
4. Oral Presentation 25
GRAND TOTAL 100

Date: Signature of the Faculty Guide

Certified by

Date: Signature of the Head of the Department/Principal

Seal:

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