CHENDHURAN

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507

FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL ROAD

CLEANER MACHINE
PROJECT WORK 2021-2022

Done by

NAME REG NO
NAVEEN KUMAR V 20292984
MUTHUKUMAR P 20292983
PANDISELVAM P 20292985
PORSELVAN T 20292986
PRAVEEN KUMAR J 20292987

Report Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the

“Diploma in Mechanical Engineering” of the
Directorate of technical education,
Government of TamilNadu

Under the Guidance of

Mr.KALIESHWARAN M.E.,
LECTURER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CHENDHURAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report titled

FABRICATION OF SIX LEGGED KINEMATIC

MOVING MECHANISM

is a bonafide record of work done by

Register Number: of the Department of

Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment for the Directorate of Technical

Education, Government of Tamilnadu during the academic year 2019-2020

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr.KALIESHWARAN M.E., Dr.SG.SHELVARAJ, M.E, Ph.D.,

(LECTURER/MECH) HOD/MECH and PRINCIPAL

Submitted for the Board Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, we express our thanks to our esteemed chairman. Thiru

AVM SELVARAJ and beloved CEO Dr. AVM.S.KARTHICK B.E.,MBA., Ph.D
for their dynamic role and for elevation of our institution to greater heights by
providing us with all the infrastructure and other essential facilities.

Also we would like to extend our thanks to our principal & also HOD of
Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. S.G.SHELVARAJ M.E.,Ph.D for his
constant effort in helping us by providing the necessary equipment and materials
that were used to build the project.

Not the more formality but from the depth of our heart, we extend our
sincere thanks to our project guide Mr.K.KALIESHWARAN M.E., lecturer in
Department of Mechanical Engineering for his valuable suggestions, motivation,
and constant support.

We are really indebted to our parents, faculty members and our friends for
their timely help, and for the mental and moral support. Along with their blessing
of the almighty, we will continue to feel the success.

We would like to submit our special thanks to our Department Staff

Members and Lab Instructors and other non teaching staff for their valuable
suggestions to improve the content and quality of the project.

We also exhibit our thanks to one and all who had constantly supported us
either directly or indirectly to complete in completing this project successfully.
 CONTENTS

Chapter no Title Page no

I Abstract 01

II Introduction 02

III Literature review 04

IV Selection of Materials 08

V Component Description 11

VI Working Principle 14

VII Block Diagram 16

VIII Cost Estimation 18

IX Features 21

X Conclusion 23

XI References 25
 CHAPTER I

ABSTRACT

Dust removing and sweeping problem are increasing more and more now a
days. Hence it has become to provide some equipment for sweeping. There are
different types of waste, dry waste, vegetable waste, dust particles and so on.
Generally little equipment has been evolved in the market for cleaning the dust
particles which are known as vacuum cleaner. But these vacuum cleaner costs
more in the market and not every human being can afford it. These devices need an
electrical energy for its operation and not user friendly. In India, especially in
summer, there is power crisis and most of the cleaning machine is not used
effectively due to this problem, particularly in bus stands. Hence it is a need to
develop low cost, user friendly sweeper vehicle. In this project, an effort has been
made to develop a manually gear operated sweeper vehicle so that it can be an
alternative for conventional vacuum cleaning machines and human efforts. In this
work, modelling and fabrication of the sweeper vehicle was done using suitable
commercially available mechanical components. These sweeper vehicles can be
used in homes as well as in industry.

1
INTRODUCTION

2
 CHAPTER II

INTRODUCTION

Road side dust is a common air pollutant generated by many different

sources and activities which vary in size from invisible to visible. Dust kicked up
by cars along Delhi’s vast and growing road network contributes between a third
and 56% of the most harmful pollutants in the city’s atmosphere. Since, percentage
of people who travel as pedestrians and through two wheelers are at high risk, The
Road side dust collector by dint of various mechanisms allow us to cumulate the
particles disseminated near around the edges of the road.

However, many innovative machines have come up in recent years in order

to promote cleaner roads such as “Tricycle operated street cleaning machine”,
“Manually operated road cleaning machine” & “Dust collector for rear wheel of
four wheeler” with few claiming to remove the dust and waste to the side of the
roads like “Multipurpose Road cleaning machine” but no machine till date has
been designed and fabricated specifically with the objective to ensure cleaner side
of the roads by collecting the scattered dust near edges promoting evenly cleaned
roads.

Although, very rare cases of accidents have been filed due to road dust,
making up to 10% of total road accidents, but that cost as much as 0.02% of GDP
in some developing countries i.e. $800 million annually [3] . Road side cleaner
machine not only collects the layers of the dust from the sides but also transfers it
into wheel barrow using bucket conveyer to carry it to dumping sites

3
LITERATURE REVIEW

4
 CHAPTER III

LITERATURE REVIEW

Prathmesh Joshi1, Akshay Malviya, Priya Soni This paper is based on

“Manual driven platform cleaning machine” which provides the basic need of
cleaning very large floor areas such as railway platforms, hospitals, malls and
many investments have been made for the same. In recent times Indian Railways
has purchased platform rider scrubbers and platform cleaning machines from
various companies to ensure hygiene. Due to absence of electricity at bus stand ,
railway platforms and other commercial places , the automatic cleaning machine
isn’t suitable in every condition. The author fabricated a four wheeler cart with the
help of accessories such as belt, pedal axle, scrubber brush, U-clamp cleaning
process is executed.

Sandeep J. Meshram1, Prof. G.D.Mehta2 This paper deals with design and
fabrication of tricycle operated street cleaning machine suggesting that we have
few foreign automated machines that are used in our country according to the road
conditions. The objective of the author is to propose semi- automatic machine for
rural and urban areas in order to reduce human efforts and time. A suggested
solution over the current state of art is being explained through this article. The
technique of this unique machine runs with the power of ten humans.

Ritvick Ghosh1, H R Vinay Kumar2, Dattatraya3, Pavan Kumar B.

Hiremath4, Prof. Pradeep Kumar5 Pedal operated floor mopping machine is
operated at low speed with the help of mechanical power using foot pedals. This
mechanism is somewhere close to the spinning mop also known as “magic mop”.
For speed multiplication with right gear specification bevel gear has been used.

5
And for better ergonomics the machine move on three wheels which is driven
using pedals with the help of mechanical drive train. Attempts have been made to
make the turning radius of the machines as small as possible so as to get efficient
and effective cleaning without missing any spots. An additional mechanism is
provided to remove dirty water by which the mop can be cleaned and fresh water is
supplied to offer continuous floor cleaning.

Shuzaib kalam, Jatin Sekhri, Twinkle Bauddh, Shivam Kumar, Sarthak Jha,
Pranshu Singh Rana, Dhruv Kumar, Ashutosh Singh - This paper elaborates
manually used floor cleaning machine which differs from conventional floor
cleaning machine which is dependent on electricity for the usage. Modeling and
analysis of this machine is done by using available software called ANSYS, the
stress level in the machine were found to be within safe limits after finite element
analysis. This cleaning machine is uniquely designed to clean the floor which are
smooth and plane such as tiles, mosaic and smooth surfaces. Manual cleaning
machine is a better alternative than automated cleaning machine at the time of
power crisis. Pedal operated body is used to achieve dry and wet cleaning
concurrently.

Aman khan, Anurag Pannase, Amol Sharnagat, Prof. Gaurav Gohane - The
objective of the paper is to propose a machine having multiple benefits with
minimum usage of resources. This is based on basic principle of science; the
project is a collusion of mechanical, electrical and electronic devices. The
multipurpose road cleaning machine can be used on different roads in rural and
urban areas. This machine resolves the issue of dusty roads, choked pipeline,
manholes, removal of metal particles from road and obstacles.

Abhishek Chakraborty, Ashutosh Bansal - Dust collector of four wheeler has

been designed keeping in mind the slinging of the road dust due to vehicle
6
movement. Considerable fraction of PM10 in urban air is usually due to non-
exhaust traffic emissions and sling from the street surfaces. These road non-
exhaust emissions are generally uncontrolled and detail about the productiveness
of alleviation measures on paved roads is still scant. The main objective is to
design and fabricate a collector system for high clearance to reduce the level of
non-exhaust emissions to some extent. The model consists of a centrifugal fan to
absorb dust before it open out and pollutes the air, which is to be placed on and
above the rear side of the wheel. This system will help in controlling and reducing
the dust concentration behind the vehicle.

7
SELECTION OF
MATERIALS

8
 CHAPTER IV

SELECTION OF MATERIALS
1.Properties:

The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied can be weight, surface finish,
rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals, service life,
reliability etc. The following four types of principle properties of materials
decisively affect their selection

 Physical

 Mechanical

 From manufacturing point of view

 Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal

Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,
electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc. The various Mechanical Properties
Concerned are strength in tensile, Compressive shear, bending, torsional and
buckling load, fatigue resistance, impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit,
and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties. The
various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,

 Cast ability

 Weld ability

9
  Surface properties

 Shrinkage

2. Manufacturing Case

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface

qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand
the use of special materials.

3. Quality Required

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material.
For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of
components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or hand
forging the steel.

4. Availability of Material

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes obligatory

for the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect
substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date
of product should also be kept in mind.

5. Space Consideration

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces

involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. Cost

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays

an important part and should not be ignored. Sometimes factors like scrap

10
utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in
the selection of proper materials.

COMPONENT
DESCRIPTION

11
 CHAPTER V

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

Shaft

The term Drive shaft is used to refer to a shaft, which is used for the transfer
of motion from one point to another. Whereas the shafts, which propel (push the
object ahead) are referred to as the propeller shafts. Propellers are usually
associated with ships and planes as they are propelled in water or air using a
propeller fan. However the drive shaft of the automobile is also referred to as the
propeller shaft because apart from transmitting the rotary motion from the front
end to the rear end of the vehicle, these shafts also propel the vehicle forward. The
shaft is the primary connection between the front and the rear end (engine and
differential), which performs both the jobs of transmitting the motion and
propelling the front end.

Metallic scoop

Metallic scoop collects the dust from roads when its edge comes in contact
with road surface. Buckets when almost come in contact with scoop surface, fills it
selves to carry the dust to wheel barrow.

Cleaning brush

A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally

consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or

12
perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during
use. The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand
hazards of its intended use, such as corrosive chemicals, heat or abrasion. It is used
for cleaning, grooming hair, make up, painting, surface finishing and for many
other purposes. It is one of the most basic and versatile tools in use today, and the
average household may contain several dozen varieties.

13
WORKING PRINCIPLE

14
 CHAPTER VI

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The frame is fixed with two pairs of wheels which are connected with the help of
shafts. A motor (0.25 HP) is connected to the shaft which connects the rear wheels,
through which power can be transmitted to the wheels and the systems can be
moved. At the front end, a pair of rotary brooms is connected by means of a flat
belt drive. The belt is crossed across the grooves of the pulley, since both the
brooms have to rotate in opposite directions. By using this mechanism, the waste
particles present outside the track lane can also be effectively removed.

15
DRAWING

16
CHAPTER VII

DRAWING

17
COST ESTIMATION

18
 CHAPTER VIII

COST ESTIMATION

S.No Component Qty Price

2 Brush 1 150

3 Rolling wheel 2 250

4 Drive wheel 2 400

5 Base frame 900

Total Rs.1300

LABOUR COST

 welding

 Grinding

 Power hacksaw

OVERHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by ”manufacturing cost”

19
Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

= 1300 + 1200

= 2500

Overhead Charges = 20%of the manufacturing cost

= 500

TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

= 1300 + 1200 + 500

= 3000

Total cost for this project = 3000

20
FEATURES

21
 CHAPTER IX

FEATURES

9.1 Advantages

 No external power supply is required.

 It is reliable.

 Low maintenance.

 It is portable.

 Eco friendly in nature.

 No requirement of skilled labour

 Cost efficient.

 Operating cost is less.

9.2 Applications

 Household uses
 Road side
 Workshops

9.3 Future Scope

1. Machine can be made totally operator less thereby making it work with no
human effort.

22
2. With the help of I.R. sensors and transducer the undesired collision can be
prevented.

3. Conveyor can be made flexible to slide on the either side making machine
usable on both side of the road.

4. Solar panel can be used to charge the battery making the machine more efficient
by the use of renewable energy

23
CONCLUSION

24
 CHAPTER X

CONCLUSION

The project promises a clean environment by giving evenly cleaned roads in

towns and cities. This also means less amount of dust in the surrounding. The
machine is a priority over machines that are heavy, bulky and cannot be used for
narrow roads or pavements. Additionally, it is much more cost efficient as
compared to other machines in terms of both production cost as well as running
cost. The machine more over also promises employment to the cleaners.

25
PHOTOGRAPHS

26
 CHAPTER XI

PHOTOGRAPHS

27
 CHAPTER XII

REFERENCES

[1] Joshi, P., et al. (2013). Manual driven platform cleaner. International Journal of
emerging technology and advanced engineering, 3(8), 282-286.

[2] Meshram, S., & Mehta, G. (2016). Design and development of tricycle
operated street cleaning machine. Journal of information, knowledge and research
in mechanical engineering, 4(1), 702-706.

[3] Ghosh, R., et al. (2016). Design and fabrication of a pedaloperated floor
mopping machine. International Journal of emerging technology and advanced
engineering, 6(5), 33-39.

[4] Kumar, M., & Kapilan, N. (2015). Design and analysis of manually operated
floor cleaning machine. International Journal of engineering research and
technology, 4(4), 828- 831.

[5] Khan, A., et al. (2017). Study of multipurpose road cleaning machine.
International research journal of engineering and technology, 4(2), 1382-1386.

[6] Chakraborty, A., & Bansal, A. (2013). Design of Dust Collector for Rear
Wheel of Four Wheeler, International Journal of Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering, 3(7), 199-216.

[7] Mendhe, A., et al. (2017). Multipurpose floor cleaning machine. International
Journal of scientific research and development, 5(1), 740-742.

28
[8] Delhi’s Deadly Dust: How construction sites are choking the city.
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/feb/15/delhideadly-dust-how-
construction-sites-choking-city

[9] Health effects of Dust, Healthy WA

http://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Health-effects-ofdust.

[10] Rohan, B. Beulah Martin, Kandula Rajitha, “fabrication of a dust remover as

well as floor sweeper with deodorizing effect”, International Journal of Research in
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[11] M. keerthi, k. sandya, k. srinivas, “Static & Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear
using Different Materials”, International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology, Volume: 03 Issue: 01- Jan-2016,.

[12] Mahebub Vohra Kevin Vyas Professor, “Design Stress analysis of Metallic
and Non-metallic Spur Gear”, International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development, Vol. 2, Issue 04, 2014.

[13] SingiReddy Ravinder, Ramesh Banothu, “Design and analysis of Gear Shaft”,
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (SSRG-IJME) – volume 2 Issue 9
– September 2015,.

[14] Vijaypratap R Singha, M J Zinzuvadiaa, Saurin M. Shethb, “Parametric Study

and Design Optimization of Centrifugal Pump Impeller”, Vijaypratap R Singh et al
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[15] Mr. Nilesh Nemgonda Patil, “development of impeller of centrifugal pump

using computational fluid dynamics”, International Journal of Engineering
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