Name: Akira Resta Hartono

NIM: 20/454396/EK/22686

Homework

DQ Chapter 1 & 2

1-3. Basic research is important to generate knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon
being researched. Basic research will be able to create theories based on the research
results. Then, those theories will be able to be used as the foundation of further studies
of the phenomenon.

1-4. Applied research is useful for a specific problem. For example, an organization is
experiencing a specific problem and need to find the root cause of the problem to solve
it. So, applied research will be useful in this situation. As for basic research, it would be
useful to develop knowledge in the functional areas in the organization.

1-6. Both basic and applied research are important. Staying updated to basic research will
help managers to keep up with the newest studies relevant to their line of work. This
allows them to have general knowledge that is applicable to their business.

Applied research will be useful to managers at solving a specific problem that they’re
experiencing. Applied research will help them to find the root cause of the problem and
the possible solutions for it.

1-9.

a. Scenario 1
According to the first statement, this is categorized basic research. The research is done
to enrich the knowledge and understanding of whether firms is supposed to acquire or
not to acquire other firms.
As for the example, it is considered as applied research because it is done to solve a
specific problem, which is whether Coca-Cola should acquire or not acquire China
Huiyuan Juice Group.
Scenario 2
The first statement fall in the basic research category because the university professor
wanted to analyse the reason of absenteeism of employees in organization in general.
The research is done mainly to enrich the knowledge and understanding about
absenteeism of employees in organization and there are no specific problems.
Name: Akira Resta Hartono
NIM: 20/454396/EK/22686
However, the second statement can fall in the applied research category because the
university professor will do the research for her employer. The research main purpose
is to solve absenteeism problem in her employer’s business.
Scenario 3
This scenario fall in the basic research category because the research is done to enrich
knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon. This research will be published in
the medical journal so that other researchers can build theories based on this research
results.
b. An external research team will be more effective to conduct this research because of
the complexity of the problem. A qualified internal research teams may not be regarded
as the best by the management which could result in their research results be overlooked
by the management. External research team, on the other hand, have much more
experience with different types of organization and may have done research with
similar problems.

2-1. The hallmarks of scientific research consists of purposiveness, rigor, testability,

replicability, precision and confidence, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony.
Below are the explanation:
Purposiveness
Purposiveness means that research must be conducted with a purpose. The purpose must
be clearly mentioned in a comprehensible manner. The scope, limitations, and exact
definitions of any phrases and terminology significant to the research should all be
included in the statement of the decision problem.
Rigor
Rigor means the degree of accuracy in research investigation. Research must be
conducted rigorously in order to produce a significant and valuable addition to the field
of knowledge. A firm theoretical basis and a methodologically sound approach are
necessary for conducting rigorous research.
Testability
Testability is the notion that the research is founded on verifiable assumptions or
hypotheses that were derived from an analysis of the issues involved.
Replicability
The research results will be more credible if the same conclusions are developed from a
new collection of data. When the same type of research is carried out more than once in
Name: Akira Resta Hartono
NIM: 20/454396/EK/22686
situations that are similar to the previous one, the test hypothesis' findings should be
confirmed again.
Precision and confidence
Precision is the measure of how closely a discovery matches "reality" based on a sample.
It indicates the degree of accuracy of the conclusions based on the sample match what
actually exists in the universe.
Confidence is the possibility that an estimate in the research findings is accurate. It is
crucial to claim that 95% of the time the outcomes would be accurate and only 5%
possibility of the outcomes being wrong.
Objectivity
Objectivity means that the research is factual, data-based, and free from bias or
subjectivity. The results of the research should be based on the facts of the findings
obtained from the actual data.
Generalizability
Generalizability refers to the extent to which research from one organizational setting
can be applied to other settings with essentially similar characteristics. If the solutions
are applicable to a wide range of problems, the research will be more beneficial. The
research will be more valuable and useful if it is more generalizable.
Parsimony
It is necessary to perform research in a simple and economical way. Simple explanations
of the issues and broadly applicable remedies are preferable to sophisticated research
frameworks.
2-2. There are seven steps in hypothetico-deductive research method. Below are the examples
and explanation for each step:
1. Identify a broad problem area.
A manager noticed that there has been a drop in the sales volume of their product.
2. Define the problem statement.
A statement that contain the general objective and research questions of the
research needs to be developed to find solutions to the problems. Example: most
of the customers refused to purchase our products when prompted with an old
payment method.
3. Develop hypotheses.
A scientific hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable. Example: The sales
experience a drop because our payment method is old and inconvenient.
Name: Akira Resta Hartono
NIM: 20/454396/EK/22686
4. Determine measures.
Researchers need to test their hypotheses by measuring the variables in the
theoretical framework. Example: Measure the amount of sales drop and how
many customers regard the payment system to be old.
5. Data collection.
After determining how to measure the variables, data related to each variable.
Example: collect the data about sales cancellation and sales cancellation due to
payment method
6. Data analysis.
The data collected will be analysed to find out whether the hypotheses is proven
to be true. Example: Calculate the ratio sales cancellation and sales cancellation
due to payment method.
7. Interpretation of data
Determine the validity of the hypotheses by interpreting the meaning of the data
analysis. Example: The data analysis shows that 58% of the sales cancellation
was due to the payment method. So, it can be concluded that the payment method
had a big role in reducing the sales volume.
2-9. Contrary to constructivism, which holds that knowledge lives within the self and is
created by people as they interact with one another and their environment, positivism
holds that knowledge exists outside of the self and can only be gained through
observation and prediction.
2-12. The situation is purposiveness in light of the most fundamental ideas. Since the
conceptual model seems to be built solely on the assumption of interaction with a number
of clients, the research lacks the validity required to be regarded as scientific. In turn, this
compromises the requirements for generalizability and replication. A level of confidence
of 85% might not be sufficient given the growing number of unhappy customers. Without
first understanding the theoretical underpinnings, it is impossible to determine whether
or not the parsimony requirements are met.
Name: Akira Resta Hartono
NIM: 20/454396/EK/22686
Reference
Sekaran, Uma, Bougie, Roger. (2020). Research Methods For Business : A Skill
0Building Approach (8th ed. (Asia Edition)). Hoboken: Wiley.