Introduction to

Practical
Research 2
Definition of Research
noun
diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to
discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc.: recent research in
medicine.
verb (used without object)
to make researches; investigate carefully.
verb (used with object)
to make an extensive investigation into : to research a matter thoroughly.

Source: www.dictionary.com
Definition of Research
Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use

of existing knowledge in a new and creative way, so as to generate

new concepts, methodologies and understandings.

This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the

extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.

Source: www.westernsydney.edu.au
Importance of Research
1. Acquire knowledge effectively
2. Research helps in problem-solving
3. Provides the latest information
4. Builds credibility
5. Helps in business success
6. Discover and Seize opportunities
Acquire Knowledge Efficiently
through Research
 The most apparent reason to
conduct research is to
understand more.
 Research helps you expand on
any prior knowledge you have of
the subject.
 The research process creates
new opportunities for learning
and progress.
Research Helps in Problem-
solving
 The goal of the research is to
broaden our understanding.
 Research gives us the
information and knowledge to
solve problems and make
decisions.
 The goal of research in this
setting is 'problem-solving.'
Research Provides the Research Builds
Latest Information Credibility
 Research provides a solid basis
 Research enables you to for formulating thoughts and
views.
seek out the most up-to-
date facts.  In your study, you should
prioritize the most reputable
sources.
 Your research should focus on
the most reliable sources.
Research Helps in Research Discover and
Business Success Seize Opportunities

 A successful business  Research is essential for

anyone looking for work or a
cannot be done change of environment.
without solid proof and  Unemployed people will have a
market research. better chance of finding
potential employers through job
advertisements or agencies. 
DIFFERENCE OF :
Qualitative research is expressed in
words.
It is used to understand concepts,
thoughts or experiences.
This type of research enables you to
gather in-depth insights on topics
that are not well understood.
Common qualitative methods
include interviews with open-ended
questions, observations described
in words, and literature reviews
that explore concepts and theories.
Quantitative research is expressed
in numbers and graphs.
It is used to test or
confirm theories and assumptions.
This type of research can be used to
establish generalizable facts about
a topic.
Common quantitative methods
include experiments, observations
recorded as numbers, and surveys
with closed-ended questions.
 DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 According to Aliaga and Gunderson, (2000)
It is explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are
analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular
statistics).
 A phenomenon is a peculiar incident that can happen
anywhere.
Example: Increase in Sales, Change in turn-over rates, shift in the
percentage of dengue patients, decrease in juvenile crime rates.
 Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
1. It is reliable and objective
2. It uses statistics to generalize a 5. It tests theories or hypotheses
finding.
6. It assumes that the sample is
3. It reduces and restructures a representative of population
complex problem to a limited
number of variables 7. The subjectivity of its
methodology is a secondary
4. It looks at the connections concern
between variables and
establishes cause and effect 8. It deals with the details of the
relationships in highly controlled subject
circumstances.
 Advantages of Quantitative Research
1. It allows the researcher to measure and analyze the data to arrive at an objective answer
to the problem posted or stated.

2. The result is reliable since the study uses a big sample of the population

3. Standards are usually used in choosing the instruments, in sampling procedures, and in
choosing the most appropriate statistical treatment, thus making the research replicable.

4. Personal biases can be avoided since personal interaction is not part of the research
process.

5. Processes involved are simplified since the steps in doing Quantitative research are made
easy and systematic.

6. Results can be reduced through statistical treatments and interpreted in a few statements.
 Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
1.The context of the study or the experiment is ignored in such a way
that it does not consider the natural setting where the study is
conducted.

2.Having a large study sample requires researchers to spend more

resources.

3. Results are limited since they are usually based on the analysis of
numbers and are not obtained from detailed narratives.

4. It provides less elaborate accounts of human perceptions.

 Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
5. In Experimental research, the level of control might not be
normally placed in the real world because it is usually done in a
laboratory.

6. Preset or fixed alternative answers may not necessarily reflect

the true answers of the participants.

7. Findings can be influenced by the researcher’s perspective

since most of the time , the participant’s are unknown to him/her.
 Importance of Quantitative Research in different fields :
1. In Education, it can be used in measuring the level of performance of students and
teachers, and in assessing the effectiveness of the methods and the different
programs conducted.

2. In Business, it can improve the overall marketing strategy, and help the company
make informed decisions on ho to be best move forward with a particular product.

3. In Medical and Allied Services, it yields statistics that can help improve the rate of
recovery of patients with illnesses and sicknesses, and the efficacy of medicines and
drugs, among others.

4. In Science & Technology, it can lead to a more responsible and accountable

operation of the different components of technology.
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