Origin of Bank

Banking has been around since ancient times in civilizations like Greece and Rome. In England,
banking began with goldsmiths who accepted deposits for safekeeping. The term "bank"
originated from the Italian word "banco" meaning bench, as money exchangers kept money on
benches. In 1171 A.D., the Italian government took a loan from the public to save from an
economic crisis, which was called "monte" or joint stock fund, and later called "bank" in
Germany. Banking has evolved from the practices of merchants, money lenders, and goldsmiths
who offered lending and borrowing services, which were prevalent even in primitive
communities.
Meaning of Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and provides loans of
different types to those in need. Its functions include accepting deposits, providing loans,
facilitating the remittance of money, and providing a wide range of financial services to its
customers. The precise definition of a bank varies depending on the size and type of the
institution. Commercial banks, for example, are established mainly to facilitate the development
of trade and commercial sectors of the country.

In addition to banks, there are other financial institutions such as development banks, finance
companies, and cooperative banks, which are categorized as depository institutions. Non-
depository institutions, on the other hand, include life and non-life insurance companies, pension
funds, mortgage banks, money market mutual funds, and other similar entities. These institutions
are collectively referred to as the financial market, and their role is to provide financial services
to the public, including managing savings and investments, providing insurance coverage, and
facilitating the buying and selling of financial assets.
History Of Banking in Nepal
The history of banking in Nepal dates back to the 7th century, when the currency of money was
used and exchanged by Amshuberma and Bishnu Gupta. However, the banking system in Nepal
began with the establishment of Nepal Bank Limited in 1937, which was a semi-government
organization. Prior to this, there was one semi-banking institution, Tejarath Adda, established in
Nepal during the prime minister-ship of Ranodip Singh, which provided loans but did not accept
deposits.
With the establishment of the Nepal Rastra Bank as the central bank in 1955, the process of
banking development gained momentum, and other commercial banks were continuously opened
in the country. The Rastriya Banijya Bank, established in 1966, is a full government-owned bank
providing banking facilities to the public. Similarly, the Agricultural Development Bank was
established in 1969, which inherited the assets and liabilities of the cooperative bank.
Nepal opened its doors to foreign commercial banks in 1984, and since then, there has been
massive entry of foreign banks as the country followed economic liberalization. Himalayan
Bank, Nepal SBI Bank, Nepal Bangladesh Bank, Everest Bank, Bank of Kathmandu, and Bank
of Ceylon are some of the joint venture banks in Nepal that have been contributing to the
expansion of the banking industry.
The entry of foreign commercial banks led to rapid growth of the banking system. The
government's liberalization policy led to a dozen commercial banks actively playing in the
financial market of the country. The establishment of commercial and industrial banks in
Biratnagar, Lumbini, and Narayangadh, among others, have promoted the regional banking
industry of the country. Many of these banks have shown tremendous progress in terms of
deposits, lending, or customer base within a short period of time. In addition, the government has
also introduced five regional development banks that have boosted the income of the poor in
rural areas.
Overview of commercial banks in Nepal
Agricultural Development Bank
Sure, here is a comprehensive overview of the Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) in Nepal:
Background: The Agricultural Development Bank was established on June 26, 1968, as a
specialized bank to provide financial support to the agricultural sector in Nepal.
Objectives: The bank's primary objective is to provide financial services and support to the
agricultural sector and rural development in Nepal. The bank aims to promote agriculture and
rural development by providing credit facilities and other financial services to farmers,
agribusinesses, and rural communities.
Ownership: The Agriculture Development Bank is fully owned by the government of Nepal,
with the Ministry of Finance being the largest shareholder.
Services: The bank offers various financial services to its clients, including farmers,
agribusinesses, and rural communities. These services include loans for agriculture and livestock,
irrigation, rural infrastructure development, and microfinance.
Branches: The bank has a vast network of branches across Nepal, with more than 278 branches
located in different parts of the country. It also has regional offices in different regions of the
country.
Governance: The bank is governed by a board of directors, which is appointed by the
government of Nepal. The board is responsible for setting the bank's policies and overseeing its
operations.
Performance: The bank has been performing well in recent years, with a focus on expanding its
outreach and improving its services. Its total assets stood at NPR 124.4 billion (approximately
USD 1.06 billion) as of mid-2021. However, the bank also faces various challenges, including
limited resources, a high level of non-performing loans, and the need to modernize its systems
and processes.
Impact: The Agricultural Development Bank has played a vital role in promoting the
development of the agricultural sector and rural communities in Nepal. Its services have enabled
farmers and rural communities to access credit facilities, which has helped them to invest in their
farms and businesses, increase their production and income, and improve their livelihoods.
In summary, the Agricultural Development Bank has been a critical player in the development of
the agricultural sector and rural communities in Nepal. Despite some challenges, the bank has
continued to expand its reach and improve its services to meet the needs of its customers.
Global IME Bank
Bank overview
Global IME Bank Ltd. (GIBL) emerged after successful merger of Global Bank Ltd (an “A”
class commercial bank), IME Financial Institution (a “C” class finance company) and Lord
Buddha Finance Ltd. (a “C” class finance company) in year 2012. Two more “B” class
development banks (Social Development Bank and Gulmi Bikas Bank) merged with Global IME
Bank Ltd in year 2013. Later, in the year 2014, Global IME Bank made another merger with
Commerz and Trust Bank Nepal Ltd. (an “A” class commercial bank). During 2015-16, Global
IME Bank Limited acquired Pacific Development Bank Limited (a "B" Class Development
Bank) and Reliable Development Bank Limited (a "B" Class Development Bank). During 2019-
20, Global IME Bank Limited acquired Hathway Finance Limited (a “C” class finance
company), merged with Janata Bank Nepal Limited (an “A” class commercial bank) in year
2019 and merged with Bank of Kathmandu on January 9, 2023 to become the biggest bank in
Nepal. 
Global Bank Limited (GBL) was established in 2007 as an ‘A’ class commercial bank in Nepal
which provided entire commercial banking services. The bank was established with the largest
capital base at the time with paid up capital of NPR 1.0 billion. The paid-up capital of the bank
has since been increased to NPR 35.77 billion. The bank's shares are publicly traded as an 'A'
category company in the Nepal Stock Exchange.
It is in line with the aim of the bank to be “The Bank for All” by giving necessary impetus to
the economy through world class banking service. For the day-to-day operations, the bank has
been using the world renowned FINACLE software that provides real time access to customer
database across all branches and corporate locations of the bank. This state-of-the-art customer
database has also been linked to a Management Information System that provides easy reach to
all possible database information for balanced and informed decision making.  A disaster
recovery system (DRS) of the Bank has also been established in the Western Region of Nepal
(200 kms west of Kathmandu). The bank has been able to achieve excellent diversification of its
assets. A well-balanced distribution of exposure in areas of national interest has been possible
through long term forecasting and timely strategic planning. The bank has diversified interests in
hydro power, manufacturing, textiles, services industry, aviation, exports, trading and
microfinance projects, just to mention a few. The exemplary performance of the bank in these
last fourteen years has elevated it to a premier status in the industry. The bank has been handling
government transactions and is officially among one of the few commercial banks trusted by the
Government in handing Government revenue transactions of various offices. The bank has been
able to earn the trust and confidence of the public, which is reflected in the large and ever-
expanding customer base with more than 4,000,000 number of accounts in deposit base and
above 60,000 in credit. Through all this the bank has been able to truly achieve its vision of
being “The Bank for All”. Even with all this success, the bank remains internally focused
towards manpower development, product innovation and process innovation etc., to have a
strong and solid foundation, which are ongoing and continuous improvement initiatives
undertaken by the management and staff alike.
GIBL has been conferred with “The Bank of the Year Award 2014” for Nepal by the Bankers
Magazine (Publication of the Financial Times, UK), “Best Internet Bank 2016- Nepal” by
International Finance Magazine, London and “Best Employer Award 2018” by World HRD
Congress, India. "Nepal's Best Bank" in 2022 by Euromoney Magazine (Awards for Excellence),
London, UK. The bank is also assigned a rating of "A" by ICRA Nepal.
GIBL was appointed as the first handling bank unit of CREF (Central Renewable Energy Fund)
under AEPC (Alternative Energy Promotion Center)

PROMOTERS
GIBL has been promoted by a group of prominent indigenous entrepreneurs who have written a
history of success in their field of ever-growing business. The promoters of the bank include
renowned, well established and respected businessmen/industrialists in Nepal from a variety of
different sectors that include finance, remittance, trading, export, automotive services,
manufacturing, and hydropower to name a few. The collective experience of the promoters has
been realized to customize the bank's offerings and services to compete with best in the banking
industry and instill a culture based on our core values of integrity, business ethics, teamwork,
respect, humility, professionalism, loyalty and good governance.
CAPITAL
Authorized Capital of Global IME Bank is NPR 57,042.31 million and Paid up Capital is NPR
35,771.06 million. 
BANK'S PRODUCT AND SERVICES
The bank offers a complete range of banking products in deposits, lending, trade finance and
remittances. The bank’s deposit product portfolio encompasses customer tailored saving
deposits, fixed deposits, call and current deposits.  The lending product portfolio includes
commercial loan products such as demand loans, cash credits, overdrafts, trust receipts and term
loans, whereas a complete portfolio of personal and retail credit products are also provided by
the bank. Non-fund-based products such as bank guarantees and letters of credit are also
available to the bank’s customers. GIBL's focus has been stretched out to financial supports to
Corporate and Infrastructure Sectors with preference on renewable energy, SME, Retail and
Micro Financing Loans. In continuation of living with its vision “The Bank for All”, the bank
has established a separate Agricultural Lending Department to serve the Nepalese population
depending on agriculture for their livelihood.
VALUE ADDED SERVICES
In addition to the above, the bank also offers a variety of value-added services to its customers.
The bank has also been providing Internet/Mobile Banking Services (through its website
www.globalimebank.com), SMS Banking Services and SMS Notification Services among other
such value-added proposition to its customers. The bank has also been issuing VISA debit and
VISA credit cards to its customers since 2009. GIBL is the only bank to provide SMS alert to its
customers on credit transactions and credit card transactions besides other transactions.
GIBL has introduced "GlobalSmart Plus" an advance banking application with customized
features on updated format for financial transaction through SMS and Internet Connectivity.
CORRESPONDENT NETWORK
The bank has been maintaining harmonious correspondent relationships with more than 60
different international banks, more than 124 (RMA) and 29 Nostro Account from various
countries to facilitate trade, remittance and other cross border services. Through these
correspondents the bank is able to provide services in any major currencies in the world. The
bank has established three representative Office in Sydney-Australia, New Delhi-India and
Aldershot, Hampshire-United Kingdom. The bank has tied up with licensed partners from more
than 13 countries for remittance to Nepal which consists of 40 plus receiving partners/banks. The
remittance payment of the bank can be collected from more than 50,000 IME and GME’s agents
along with the bank’s own branch network. Mobilization of its International Representatives as
well as business partners both inside and outside the country in bringing an influx of remittance
inside the country.
BRANCH NETWORK
The bank is now operating 364 branches, 65 extension and revenue collection counters and 286
Branchless Banking facilities spread throughout Nepal. All of the bank's branches have been
established as full-service outlets that offer a large range of banking services to its customers.
The bank also operates 360 ATMs throughout the country strategically placed for the
convenience of customers.
 

Nabil Bank Limited

Nabil Bank Limited (Nepali: नबिल बैंक लिमिटेड; NEPSE: 131 previously known as Nepal Arab Bank

Limited) is the first private commercial bank in Nepal. Founded in 1984, the bank has branches
across the nation and its head office in Durbar Marg, Kathmandu.
It began as the first bank in Nepal incepted by multinational (primarily foreign) investors (as
Nepal Arab Bank Ltd) on 12 July 1984. The bank was incorporated with the objective of
providing modern, international-standard financial services to businesses.
Its Dubai government-owned majority share was purchased in 1995 by Nepal's only billionaire
businessman, Binod Chaudhary. It maintains its head office at its Nabil Center, Durbar
Marg flanking the chief avenue of the capital leading to its grand palace.
The Bank also has more than 200 international correspondent banking relationships. Nabil Bank
operates its investment banking arm through its subsidiary Nabil Investment Banking Ltd.
Nabil bank had acquired Nepal Bangladesh Bank in July 2022.
On 22 December 2022, Nabil Bank launched nBank, a neo banking service that works as a
virtual branch of the bank.
Gyanendra Dhungana was appointed the chief executive officer on 1 July, 2022 after the tenure
of the celebrity banker Anil Keshary Shah was over.

Promoters of Nabil Bank

Upendra Prasad Poudyal who have held the presidency of Nepal Bankers’ Association during
Jan 2014 to Nov 2016
Nirvana Chaudary and Malay mukharjee

Capital of Nabil Bank

Paid up capital for nabil bank limited is 27 Arba

Banks Product and Services

Normally as being a commercial bank the range of product and services of nabil bank are more
or less similar but some of the major product and services recently lunched by nabil bank are
Nabil SmartBank/ nbank, Nabil Share Loan and Share loan and nabil khata.
Some of Value-added services
Correspondent Network
The Bank also has over 170 international correspondent banking relationships. The Bank
operates its investment banking arm through its subsidiary Nabil Investment Banking Ltd.

BRANCH NETWORK
Nabil Bank operates through its wide network of 230 branch offices, 254 ATMs, numerous POS
terminals, remittance agents spread across the nation.
NIC ASIA BANK
NIC ASIA Bank has its antecedents in NIC Bank which was established on 21st July 1998. The
Bank was rechristened as NIC ASIA Bank after the merger of NIC Bank with Bank of Asia
Nepal on 30th June 2013. This was a historic merger in the annals of the Nepalese financial
landscape as the first of its kind merger between two successful commercial banks in the
country. Today, NIC ASIA has established itself as one of the most successful commercial banks
in Nepal.

During the post-merger integration phase, NIC ASIA managed the transition very smoothly
receiving accolades from the regulators as well as the stakeholders, paving the way for other
mergers and consolidation in the Nepalese financial sector. After the merger, NIC ASIA was
recognized as” Bank of the Year 2013-Nepal” by The Banker, Financial Times, UK. This is the
second time that the Bank was recognized with this prestigious award, the previous occasion
being in 2007.

BRANCH NETWORK

The Bank has 359 branches, 108 extension counters, 81 branchless banking, and 473 ATMs
across Nepal with a network covering all major financial centers of the country

EVEREST BANK LIMITED

Sure, here's a detailed overview of Everest Bank Limited from its establishment to now:
Everest Bank Limited (EBL) was established on October 18, 1994, with the objective of
providing quality banking services to the Nepalese people. The bank was established as a joint
venture between Punjab National Bank, India and a group of Nepali investors.
In its early years, Everest Bank Limited focused on expanding its network and enhancing its
services. In 2004, the bank became the first Nepali bank to introduce internet banking services,
allowing its customers to access their accounts and perform transactions online.
Over the years, Everest Bank Limited has continued to grow and expand its services. In 2007,
the bank opened its first international representative office in New Delhi, India. The bank has
also established correspondent banking relationships with over 500 banks worldwide, enabling it
to offer global banking services to its customers.
In 2010, Everest Bank Limited was listed on the Nepal Stock Exchange, making it the first bank
to be listed on the exchange through an Initial Public Offering (IPO). The IPO was
oversubscribed by more than 10 times, demonstrating the high demand for the bank's shares
among investors.
In 2011, Everest Bank Limited acquired a 50% stake in KBL Nepal Bank Limited, a joint
venture between Kookmin Bank, South Korea and a group of Nepali investors. The acquisition
allowed Everest Bank Limited to expand its reach and offer a wider range of services to its
customers.
In recent years, Everest Bank Limited has continued to focus on innovation and technology,
introducing new products and services to meet the changing needs of its customers. In 2020, the
bank launched its mobile banking app, allowing customers to perform transactions and access
banking services on their mobile devices.
BRANCH NETWORK
As of 2021, Everest Bank Limited has a network of 94 branches, 4 extension counters, and 103
ATMs across Nepal. The bank has over 2,000 employees and serves over 800,000 customers. It
is recognized as one of the leading commercial banks in Nepal, offering a wide range of financial
products and services to meet the needs of individuals, businesses, and institutions.
NEPAL INVESTMENT MEGA BANK LIMITED
Nepal Investment Bank Limited (NIBL), established in 1986 as a joint venture between Nepalese
and French partners was initially named Nepal Indosuez Bank Ltd. The French partner holding
50% of the capital of Nepal Indosuez Bank Ltd. was Credit Agricole Indosuez, a subsidiary of
one of the largest banking groups in the world.

Later in 2002, a group of Nepalese companies comprising of bankers, professionals,

industrialists and businessmen acquired the 50% shareholding of Credit Agricole Indosuez in
Nepal Indosuez Bank Ltd. and accordingly named the bank; Nepal Investment Bank Ltd.
(NIBL). After 36 successful years of operation a new phase beckoned for NIBL. Following
Nepal Rastra Banks (NRB) policy to reduce the number of commercial banks across the country,
Nepal Investment Bank Ltd. signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Mega Bank
Nepal Ltd. to enter into a merger on June 10th 2022.

Mega Bank Nepal Ltd. started its operations on July 23rd 2010 and had completed 12 years of
operation in the banking sector with its total paid up capital amounting to NPR 16.12 billion.
Nepal Investment Bank and Mega Bank Nepal started joint operations on January 11th 2023 by
the unifying name of; Nepal Investment Mega Bank Ltd. (NIMB).

As a merged entity Nepal Investment Mega Bank Ltd will continue to provide exemplary
banking services to its ever-increasing volume of clientele thus significantly contributing to
Nepals financial sector.

BRANCH NETWORK
Total branches 296
Total ATM 201
Branchless banking 103
Extension counter 51

KUMARI BANK LIMITED

Kumari Bank Limited, came into existence as the fifteenth commercial banks of Nepal, starting
its banking operations from Chaitra 21, 2057 B.S (April 03, 2001) with an objective of providing
competitive modern banking services in the Nepalese financial market. The Bank has paid up
capital of NPR 26.23 billion.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY BANK

The Bank has been offering both Domestic and International Visa Debit and Credit Card,
accessible in all VISA linked ATMs in Nepal and India. It serves through 295 ATMs and - POS
terminals across the country. Along with this, the Bank offers latest digital banking services such
as Mobile, Internet, and Viber Banking and QR payments.The Bank is recognized as an
innovative and fast-growing institution that always strives towards customer satisfaction. It has
transparent business practices, professional management, good corporate governance, and Total
Quality Management as the organizational mission.
BRANCH NETWORK
Kumari Bank Limited provides a wide-range of modern banking services through 414 points of
representation located in various urban, semi-urban and rural parts of the country, with 304
branches, 48 extension counters and 62 Branchless Banking Units.

The Bank acquired Kasthamandap Development Bank Ltd., Paschimanchal Finance Co. Ltd.,
Mahakali Bikash Bank Ltd. and Kankrebihar Bikash Bank Ltd. on Asadh 2074; with an objective
to fulfill the directive forwarded by Nepal Rastra Bank to attain the paid-up capital of NPR 8
billion. Further to that, the Bank acquired Deva Bikas Bank Limited and joint operation was
started from Asadh 28, 2077. On January 01, 2023, Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Limited
has been merged with Kumari Bank Limited to jointly operate in the name of Kumari Bank
Limited. Post merger, the Bank's branch-network has now reached 304 branches, 295 ATMs,
Bank's loan investment to NPR 280 billion and deposit-base to NPR 302 billion.
PRABHU BANK LIMITED

The Bank has gone through the various phases of its growth trajectory over a short period of its
existence. Growth of Prabhu Bank was phenomenal, especially after merger of Grand Bank
Nepal Limited, Kist Bank Ltd, Prabhu Bikash Bank Ltd, Gaurishankar Development Bank Ltd
and Zenith Finance Ltd in, 2016, attaining the status of “A” class financial institution licensed
and regulated by the central bank of Nepal, Nepal Rastra Bank.
The Bank has completed years of journey since the inception and has accommodated seven
different financial institutions in its making.
As the leading banking and financial services group in Nepal, the Bank will be there where
growth is, connecting customers to the opportunities, enabling business to thrive and economies
to prosper and ultimately helping people to fulfill their hopes and realize their ambitions. The
Bank offers the full range of banking and investment services for personal and corporate
customers, backed by the team of highly motivated, young and dynamic professionals.
One of the bank’s primary objectives is to reach out to the common people with a host of helpful
products and services that will assure their future prosperity. Over a very short period of time,
the bank has achieved a significant degree of success in executing this objective thereby creating
a substantial base of loyal customers.
Personalized service, prompt transactions, wide networks, mobile Banking and real-time account
credit are few of the core strength of the bank. It has been undertaking activities such as variety
of deposit schemes, loans and advances, Foreign exchange facilities, Trade financing,
Inward/outward remittances, market maker for government securities, Non-Fund based service
like issuing guarantees, letter of credits etc.
While ensuring adequate finance is a vital part in the setting up and running of any business, it
alone does not guarantee success. Success depends on the other factors such as quality
consultation and counseling. So the bank has given due priority in developing human resources
capable enough to understand the need of customer and meet their requirements. The bank keeps
its customer at the center of all it does. Prabhu Bank believes that a bank is only successful when
its customers are successful.

BRANCH NETWOK

365 branches 71 extension counters 309 atms 31L+ customer base

Major services provided by bank at current time

There are 27 correspondent banks of PRVU

NMB BANK LTD.

TOTAL OVERVIEW

NMB Bank Limited licensed as “A” class financial institution by Nepal Rastra Bank in May
2008 has been operating in the Nepalese Financial market for over twenty years and is one of the
leading commercial banks in the banking industry.

The Bank has a Joint Venture Agreement with Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor
Ontwikkelingslanden (FMO), wherein FMO holds 13.69% of the Bank’s shares and is the largest
shareholder of the Bank. In September 2016, the Bank signed a Joint Venture Agreement with
Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden (FMO), the Dutch
development bank following which FMO became the single largest share holder of the Bank.
The alliance with FMO positions NMB Bank in becoming the market leader in managing
environmental & social risks and the leading player in renewable energy and agribusiness.

NMB Bank was awarded 'Bank of the Year 2017', 'Bank of the Year 2018', 'Bank of the Year
2020', and 'Bank of the Year 2021'. In the same year, for the first time in the history of Nepal, the
bank was awarded the title of 'Bank of the Year 2021 Asia' by The Banker, Financial Times,
London.

Branch network

138 atms and 201 branches

One representative office in Malesia

SIDDARTHA BANK LIMITED

Siddhartha Capital Limited (SCL), a 51% subsidiary of Siddhartha Bank Limited, is the
first company in Nepal to procure an operating license to manage mutual funds as of 9th
September 2012, following the introduction of Mutual Fund Regulation 2010. Established
on 28th September 2012; SCL has played a major role in establishing the Mutual Fund
Industry in the country. Likewise, after successful operation of mutual funds, SCL
ventured into Merchant Banking in the year 2015 and is a prominent market participant
providing Corporate Advisory Services, Issue Management, Underwriting, Portfolio
Management Services, Depository Participant and Registrar to Shares. The rating
Committee of ICRA Nepal has re-affirmed the Fund Management Quality Rating
(FMQR) of AMC Quality 3+ indicating adequate assurances on management quality,
company’s established track record in fund management, strong market presence and
financial profile.

BRANCH NETWORK

Siddhartha Bank Limited (SBL), an “A” Class financial institution licensed by Nepal
Rastra Bank, is one of the most prominent banks in the country. Established on 24th
December 2002, it has expanded its services across the nation through its 183 branches
and 3 extension counters. Time and again, it has been recognized as a trustworthy,
credible, and technologically advanced banking institution in the Nepali market. SCL has
also been providing its products and services through all the branch networks of the bank.

FUND SPONSOR
Siddhartha Bank Limited is the Fund Sponsor of Siddhartha Mutual Fund. According to
the Mutual Fund Regulation, 2010 (4 th Amendment), an institution conducting financial
transactions in accordance with prevailing laws or insurance companies or non-banking
financial institutions established under Special Act can be the sponsor of the Mutual
Fund. The fund sponsor is required to register the mutual fund at the Securities Board of
Nepal (SEBON).

NEPAL BANK LIMITED

Nepal Bank Limited (NBL) , the first bank of Nepal proudly holds the glory of marking the
formal beginning of banking system in Nepal. Nepal Bank Limited was established as FIRST
bank of Nepal on Kartik 30, 1994 (November 15, 1937 A.D.) under Nepal Bank Act 1937. The
bank was established with an authorized capital of Rs.10 million, issued capital of Rs.2.5 million
and paid up capital of Rs.0.842 million. The share held by government and private sector was
60% and 40% respectively. 
Glance of NBL in 1994 B.S.
Paid up Capital Rs.0.842 million
No. of Shareholders  10
Total Deposit  Rs.1.7 million
Total Loan  Rs.1.98 million
No. of Employees 12
 
Noteablly, Nepal Bank Limited was inaugurated by King Tribhuvan with supportive vision of
Prime Minister Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana to institutionalize formal banking system
in Nepal. Before the establishment of NBL, all monetary transactions were carried out by private
dealers and trading centers. It was the time when there was no trust for such formal banking
system. This reflected in under subscription of shares (OnlyRs.0.842 million could be raised out
of floated capital of Rs.2.5 million). Raising deposit and mobilizing the collected deposit was
even more difficult. 
Absence of any bank in Nepal was hampering the economic progress of the country. This was
taken into consideration by Nepal Bank Limited with key focus on overcoming such economic
hamper and difficulties of general public. This was initiated by providing banking services to
people removing their inconvenience. This objective got better and bigger with the time. Nepal
Bank Limited has so far adopted according to the technological changes, national economic
welfare, customer preferences in services, market competition and global financial scenarios to
become a leading, glorious and highly reputed bank of Nepal.  

BRANCH NETWORK
No of branches of NBL is 235
No of ATM of Nepal bank limited 144

EVEREST BANK LIMITED

Catering to more than 12 lacs customers, Everest Bank Limited (EBL) is a name you can depend
on for professionalized & efficient banking services. Founded in 1994, the Bank has been one of
the leading banks of the country and has been catering its services to various segments of the
society. With clients from all walks of life, the Bank has helped the nation to develop
corporately, agriculturally & industrially.
Joint Venture Partner
Punjab National Bank (PNB), India’s first Swadeshi Bank, commenced its operation on April 12,
1895 form Lahore and was the first bank purely managed by Indian with Indian Capital. During
the long history of the Bank, 9 banks have been merged with PNB.

Awards and Recognition during the year 2021-22:

 Best MSME Bank (PSU) in 8th MSME Excellence Awards for FY’21 by ASSOCHAM.
 Best Data Quality Improvement Award on Commercial Bureau for FY’21 amongst
Public sector Banks by TransUnion CIBIL
 Jointly with M/s Infosys won the “Global Banking & Finance Awards 2021” in the
category “Initiative Core Amalgamation” for FY’21 by Global Finance Review
Company.
 Secured 1st position amongst peer banks under Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
campaign launched by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
The bank has now total 39,167 delivery channels with a network of 10,098 domestic branches, 2
International branches, 13,350 ATM’s and 15,719 Business Correspondents.

The Bank is having 2 International branches in Gift city, Ahmedabad and Dubai. The Bank has
two overseas subsidiaries viz. PNB International Ltd. London and Druk PNB Bank Ltd. Bhutan.
Bank has its representative offices in Myanmar and Bangladesh.

As a joint-venture partner (holding 20% equity), PNB has been providing top management
support to Everest Bank Limited under Technical Service Agreement.

BRANCH NETWORK

Everest Bank Limited (EBL) provides customer-friendly services through its wide Network
connected through ABBS system, which enables customers for operational transactions from any
branches. The bank has 124 Branches, 160 ATM Counters, 32 Revenue Collection Counters and
3 Extension Counters across the country making it a very efficient and accessible bank for its
customers, anytime, anywhere.

HIMALAYAN BANK LIMITED

Himalayan Bank Limited, established in 1993 as a Joint Venture of Habib Bank Limited of

Pakistan has been successfully reigning the banking industry since its inception.
 
The bank holds the legacy of introducing various banking services for the first time in Nepal
from the very beginning. Products such as Premium Savings Account, HBL Proprietary Card and
Millionaire Deposit Scheme besides services such as ATMs and Tele-banking were first
introduced by HBL which was able to win customers’ hearts during that time. Since its
establishment, the bank has been highly focused on innovative approaches and customer
satisfaction. The bank started its journey from Employees Provident Fund Building, popularly
known as Sanchayakosh Building at Thamel, Kathmandu.
 
HBL has also been serving Nepali citizens living in the country and abroad through remittance
service. Presently, HBL is the biggest inward remittance handling bank in Nepal. With its
exclusive and proprietary online money transfer software – HimalRemitTM, HBL is among the
top remittance service providers in Nepal having ties with financial institutions based in the
Middle East, Gulf region, UK, Australia, USA, Japan, Israel, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore,
Portugal, Spain and Hongkong. With respect to the Merger and Acquisition Policy introduced by
Nepal Rastra Bank, Himalayan Bank Limited acquired Civil Bank Limited at 100:80.28 swap
ratio (A shareholders holding 100 scrips of CBL will get 80.28 scrips of HBL) and commenced
the joint operation as “Himalayan Bank Limited” from February 24, 2023. After acquisition, the
Banks has been happily serving its customers from total of 189 Branch Offices, 20 Extension
Counters and more than 263 ATM Booths spread all over Nepal.

Branch Network

Total no of branches of HBL is 189

PRIME COMMERCAIL BANK

Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. was incorporated in September 2007 as the 21st commercial bank
in Nepal. We are a Category ‘A’ Financial Institution registered under the “Banks and Financial
Institutions Act” of Nepal. It has been established by prominent business personnel and
professionals from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing 'Banking Services to
Everyone' in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking
Services.
 
The bank has established itself as an emerging player in financial sector with focus in customer
service excellence maintaining excellent relationship with valued customers. It is counted among
the top 10 commercial banks in Nepal by independent raters and publications in the country.
 
The Bank’s shares are listed and actively traded in the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).

Branch network

192 branches and 103 atms

Sanima Bank Limited

Sanima Bank is promoted by a group of prominent and dynamic Non-Resident Nepalese (NRNs)
businesspersons. The bank initially commenced operations from 2004 as a National Level
Development Bank. Since February 2012, Sanima Bank has been functioning as an "A" Class
Commercial Bank with its registered office at 'Alakapuri', Naxal, Kathmandu.

Sanima Bank is committed to provide a broad spectrum of financial solutions to our valued
customers and to achieve a healthy growth in profitability in commensurate to the Bank's risk
appetite. Sanima Bank is dedicated towards maintaining the highest level of ethical standards,
professional integrity, good corporate governance and regulatory compliance. Consequently,
Sanima Bank is perceived as a strong, reliable and consistent pillar in the Nepalese banking
industry. At Sanima, we are committed for the better customer service in all areas of business
through continuous improvement.

Branch Network

Sanima Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and
retail customers through its 102 full-fledged branches and 28 extension counters from all 7
provinces.

Shareholding pattern 49% of general public and 51% of promoter shares

Authorized capital is 15 Arba and issued & paid-capital is 12.46 Arba

CITIZEN INTERNATIONAL BANK LIMITED

History

Established on April 20, 2007 (2064/01/07) as 20th commercial bank of the nation, “Citizens
Bank International Limited”, has its corporate office at the heart of the financial sector of the
country, Narayanhiti Path, Kathmandu. It is promoted by eminent personalities, business and
industrial houses and reputed individuals having high social standing and has been managed by a
team of experienced bankers and professionals. There are 182 branches and 139 ATMs all over
the country. The bank has one extension counter and 96 branchless banking all over the country.

BRANCHES AND NETWORK

There are 182 branches and 139 ATMs all over the country. The bank has one extension counter
and 96 branchless banking all over the country.

MACHHAPUCHARE BANK LTD.

Machhapuchchhre Bank Limited was registered in 1998 as the first regional commercial bank
from the western region of Nepal and started its banking operations from Pokhara since year
2000.

The Bank facilitates its customers' need by delivering the best of services in combination with
the latest state of the art technologies and prudent international practices. The bank provides
modern banking facilities such as Any Branch Banking, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, Safe
Deposit Locker facilities, Utility Bill payment (Telephone & Mobile), ATM (VISA Debit Cards)
to its valued customers.

BRANCHES AND NETWORK

Now with a paid up capital of over 10.25 billion rupees, 165 Branch Offices,133 Branchless
Banking Units, 11 Extension Counters and 205 ATMs spread all across the country, it is one of
the full-fledged national level commercial banks operating in Nepal.

LAXMI BANK LIMITED

Laxmi Bank was established in 2002 as the 16th commercial bank in Nepal. Today, through its
branches and a host of IT enabled channels, the Bank serves a wide range of customers. Despite
a relatively short history, Laxmi Bank has emerged as a major player across all business lines –
retail, midmarket, corporate, infrastructure and treasury. The Bank is widely recognized as one
of the best-managed banks in Nepal with high standards of corporate governance culture, risk-
management systems and a strong technology.

Branching Out Into Microfinance

Laxmi Bank’s microfinance subsidiary – Laxmi Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha Ltd, a category D
financial institution licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank is in operation since 2012 and has a network
of 90 branches with loans of over NPR 7.52 billion.

Similarly, Laxmi Bank’s investment banking subsidiary – Laxmi Capital Market Ltd, licensed by
the Securities Board of Nepal manages three mutual fund schemes under Laxmi Mutual Fund – 
Laxmi Equity Fund, Laxmi Unnati Kosh, and open-ended scheme, Shubha Laxmi Kosh which
are listed and traded at the Nepal Stock Exchange.

The Bank closed the previous financial year 2021/22 with a balance sheet size of
NPR 173 billion that includes deposits and risk assets of NPR  139 billion and NPR 132 billion
respectively. All key financial indicators of the Bank are well within prudential and regulatory
norms.

NEPAL SBI BANK LIMITED

Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. (NSBL) is a subsidiary of State Bank of India (SBI) having 55 percent of
ownership. The local partner viz. Employee Provident Fund holds 15% equity and General
Public 30%. In terms of the Technical Services Agreement between SBI and the NSBL, the
former provides management support to the bank through its expatriate officers including
Managing Director who is also the CEO of the Bank. Central Management Committee
(CENMAC), consisting of the Managing Director & CEO, Dy. CEO & Chief Financial Officer,
Chief Operating Officer and two Vertical Heads as decided by Managing Director of the Bank,
exercises overall control functions with the help of controlling offices, and oversee the overall
operations of the Bank. NSBL was established in July 1993 and has emerged as one of the
leading banks of Nepal, with 976 skilled and dedicated Nepalese employees.

BRANCH NETWORK

Branches around 133 and 130 ATMS

Sunrise Bank Limited (SRBL) was established in 2007 AD as an ‘A’ Class commercial bank in
Nepal. SRBL operating under licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and has branches all across
the nation with its head office at Gairidhara, Kathmandu, Nepal which provides complete
commercial banking services. Authorized capital of bank is 15 Arba and paid-up capital is 10.11
Arba with promoter shares of 51.11% and public shares with 48.90%.

Standard Chartered Bank

Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited has been in operation in Nepal since 1987 when it was
initially registered as a joint-venture operation. Today, the Bank is an integral part of Standard
Chartered Group having an ownership of 70.21% in the company with 29.79% shares owned by
the Nepalese public. The Bank enjoys the status of the only international bank currently
operating in Nepal.  It is also the only Bank in Nepal accredited with ICRANP-IR AAA rating
by ICRA Nepal as the safest bank regarding timely servicing of financial obligations.
Comparison between Agricultural Development Bank and Nepal Bank Limited

This is a very broad and complex question that may require more research and analysis than I
can provide in a chat mode. However, based on the available information from the websites of
both banks¹², I can give you a brief overview of some of the aspects you asked about:

Establishment:
 Agricultural Development Bank Nepal Limited (ADBL) was established in 1968 as a joint
venture between the Government of Nepal, the Government of India, and the Asian
Development Bank. It was initially focused on providing credit to the agricultural sector, but
later expanded its services to other sectors as well. Nepal Bank Limited (NBL) was established
in 1937 as the first bank of Nepal under the Nepal Bank Act 1937. It was initially owned by the
government and private shareholders, but later became fully state-owned in 1961.

Situation from establishment to upto now: 

Both banks have faced various challenges and opportunities throughout their history, such as
political changes, economic crises, regulatory reforms, technological innovations, market
competition, etc. Both banks have also undergone several mergers and acquisitions with other
financial institutions to increase their capital and outreach. Currently, both banks are classified as
Class A commercial banks by the Nepal Rastra Bank (the central bank of Nepal) and are subject
to its supervision and regulation.

- Loan disbursement:
 According to their latest financial statements as of 2021/07/15, ADBL has disbursed loans worth
NPR 258.18 billion, while NBL has disbursed loans worth NPR 161.84 billion¹². ADBL has a
higher loan portfolio than NBL, which may indicate that it has more lending capacity and market
share.

Deposit collection:
 According to their latest financial statements as of 2021/07/15, ADBL has collected deposits
worth NPR 316.27 billion, while NBL has collected deposits worth NPR 213.96 billion¹². ADBL
has a higher deposit base than NBL, which may indicate that it has more customer trust and
loyalty.

Future plans:
 According to their annual reports for the fiscal year 2019/20, both banks have outlined some of
their future plans and strategies to achieve their vision and mission. Some of the common themes
include enhancing customer service, expanding branch network, diversifying products and
services, adopting digital banking solutions, strengthening risk management, improving
corporate governance, increasing profitability, etc.

Last five years other financial metrics: There are many financial metrics that can be used to
evaluate and compare the performance of banks, such as net profit, return on equity (ROE),
return on assets (ROA), non-performing loan (NPL) ratio, capital adequacy ratio (CAR), etc.
You can find these metrics for both banks on their websites or on the Morningstar website¹².
However, here are some examples of these metrics for both banks for the last five fiscal years:

Comparison Between Nabil Bank and standard chartered bank

1. Establishment and Achievements:

Nabil Bank was established in 1984 as Nepal Arab Bank and has since then become one of the
leading commercial banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the
years, including the Best Bank in Nepal award by Euromoney in 2020.

Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited, on the other hand, was established in 1987 and is a
subsidiary of the global banking giant Standard Chartered Bank. The bank has also won several
awards and recognitions over the years, including the Best Foreign Bank in Nepal award by
Global Finance in 2021.

2. Loan Disbursement:
As per the latest annual reports of the banks, Nabil Bank's total loan disbursement for the fiscal
year 2020/21 was NPR 152.89 billion (approximately USD 1.29 billion), while Standard
Chartered Bank Nepal Limited's total loan disbursement for the same period was NPR 51.51
billion (approximately USD 435 million).

3. Deposit Collection:
Nabil Bank's total deposit collection for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 202.61 billion
(approximately USD 1.7 billion), while Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited's total deposit
collection for the same period was NPR 78.96 billion (approximately USD 666 million).

4. Revenue Model:
Nabil Bank's revenue model is based on interest income from loans and advances, fees and
commission income, and foreign exchange gains. The bank also generates income from
investments in government securities and corporate bonds.

Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited's revenue model is similar, with the bank earning
income from interest on loans and advances, fees and commission income, foreign exchange
gains, and investments in government securities and corporate bonds.

5. Financial Plans:
Nabil Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital banking
services, and increasing its outreach to the agricultural sector. The bank also aims to increase its
loan portfolio and deposit base.

Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited's financial plans include expanding its digital banking
services, increasing its focus on sustainable finance, and enhancing its risk management
framework. The bank also aims to strengthen its corporate and institutional banking business.
In summary, while both Nabil Bank and Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited are leading
commercial banks in Nepal, Nabil Bank has a larger loan portfolio and deposit base, while
Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited has a strong focus on sustainable finance and corporate
and institutional banking. Both banks have plans to expand their digital banking services and
enhance their risk management framework.

comparison between Nepal SBI Bank, Himalayan Bank, Everest Bank Limited, and NIC Asia
Bank based on some key indicators:

1. Establishment and Achievements:

Nepal SBI Bank is a joint venture between State Bank of India and the Government of Nepal. It
was established in 1993 and has since then become one of the leading commercial banks in
Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the Best
Bank in Nepal award by Euromoney in 2018 and 2019.

Himalayan Bank was established in 1993 in joint collaboration with Habib Bank Limited of
Pakistan. The bank has since then become one of the largest private sector banks in Nepal. The
bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the Best Domestic Bank
in Nepal award by Asiamoney in 2019.

Everest Bank Limited was established in 1994 and has since then become one of the leading
commercial banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years,
including the Best Bank in Nepal award by Global Finance in 2020.

NIC Asia Bank was established in 1998 and has since then become one of the largest private
sector banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years,
including the Best Bank in Nepal award by The Banker in 2018 and 2019.

2. Loan Disbursement:
As per the latest annual reports of the banks, Nepal SBI Bank's total loan disbursement for the
fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 112.08 billion (approximately USD 947 million), Himalayan
Bank's total loan disbursement was NPR 128.78 billion (approximately USD 1.09 billion),
Everest Bank Limited's total loan disbursement was NPR 88.96 billion (approximately USD 753
million), and NIC Asia Bank's total loan disbursement was NPR 139.89 billion (approximately
USD 1.18 billion).

3. Deposit Collection:
Nepal SBI Bank's total deposit collection for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 162.11 billion
(approximately USD 1.37 billion), Himalayan Bank's total deposit collection was NPR 210.77
billion (approximately USD 1.78 billion), Everest Bank Limited's total deposit collection was
NPR 170.33 billion (approximately USD 1.44 billion), and NIC Asia Bank's total deposit
collection was NPR 263.58 billion (approximately USD 2.22 billion).

4. Revenue Model:
All four banks generate revenue from interest income from loans and advances, fees and
commission income, and foreign exchange gains. They also generate income from investments in
government securities and corporate bonds.

5. Financial Plans:
Nepal SBI Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its outreach to the agricultural sector. The bank also aims to
increase its loan portfolio and deposit base.

Himalayan Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on corporate and institutional banking. The bank also
aims to increase its loan portfolio and deposit base.

Everest Bank Limited's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its
digital banking services, and increasing its focus on retail banking. The bank also aims to
increase its loan portfolio and deposit base.

NIC Asia Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on corporate and institutional banking. The bank also
aims to increase its loan portfolio and deposit base.

In summary, Nepal SBI Bank, Himalayan Bank, Everest Bank Limited, and NIC Asia Bank are
all leading commercial banks in Nepal. They generate revenue from similar sources and have

comparison between Kumari Bank, Laxmi Bank, and Siddhartha Bank based on some key
indicators:

1. Establishment and Achievements:

Kumari Bank was established in 2001 and has since become one of the leading commercial
banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the
Best Managed Commercial Bank in Nepal award by Asian Banking & Finance in 2020.

Laxmi Bank was established in 2002 and has since become one of the largest private sector
banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the
Best Retail Bank in Nepal award by Asian Banking & Finance in 2019.

Siddhartha Bank was established in 2002 and has since become one of the leading commercial
banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the
Best Bank in Nepal award by The Banker in 2020.

2. Loan Disbursement:
As per the latest annual reports of the banks, Kumari Bank's total loan disbursement for the fiscal
year 2020/21 was NPR 57.54 billion (approximately USD 487 million), Laxmi Bank's total loan
disbursement was NPR 63.78 billion (approximately USD 539 million), and Siddhartha Bank's
total loan disbursement was NPR 91.16 billion (approximately USD 771 million).
3. Deposit Collection:
Kumari Bank's total deposit collection for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 85.46 billion
(approximately USD 723 million), Laxmi Bank's total deposit collection was NPR 91.16 billion
(approximately USD 771 million), and Siddhartha Bank's total deposit collection was NPR
123.77 billion (approximately USD 1.05 billion).

4. Revenue Model:
All three banks generate revenue from interest income from loans and advances, fees and
commission income, and foreign exchange gains. They also generate income from investments in
government securities and corporate bonds.

5. Financial Plans:
Kumari Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on SME lending. The bank also aims to increase its
loan portfolio and deposit base.

Laxmi Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on retail lending. The bank also aims to increase its
loan portfolio and deposit base.

Siddhartha Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on SME lending. The bank also aims to increase its
loan portfolio and deposit base. Additionally, the bank plans to invest in technology to improve
its customer service and operational efficiency.

a detailed comparison between Prime Commercial Bank, Sunrise Bank, and Citizen
International Bank based on some key indicators:

1. Establishment and Achievements:

Prime Commercial Bank was established in 2007 and has since become one of the leading
commercial banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years,
including the Best Managed Commercial Bank in Nepal award by Asian Banking & Finance in
2018 and 2021.

Sunrise Bank was established in 2007 and has since become one of the largest commercial banks
in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the Best
Commercial Bank in Nepal award by Global Banking & Finance Review in 2020.

Citizen International Bank was established in 2007 and has since become one of the growing
commercial banks in Nepal.

2. Loan Disbursement:
As per the latest annual reports of the banks, Prime Commercial Bank's total loan disbursement
for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 60.15 billion (approximately USD 510 million), Sunrise
Bank's total loan disbursement was NPR 90.18 billion (approximately USD 764 million), and
Citizen International Bank's total loan disbursement was NPR 35.77 billion (approximately USD
303 million).

3. Deposit Collection:
Prime Commercial Bank's total deposit collection for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 88.61
billion (approximately USD 750 million), Sunrise Bank's total deposit collection was NPR
126.39 billion (approximately USD 1.07 billion), and Citizen International Bank's total deposit
collection was NPR 37.98 billion (approximately USD 322 million).

4. Revenue Model:
All three banks generate revenue from interest income from loans and advances, fees and
commission income, and foreign exchange gains. They also generate income from investments in
government securities and corporate bonds.

5. Financial Plans:
Prime Commercial Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its
digital banking services, and increasing its focus on SME lending. The bank also aims to
increase its loan portfolio and deposit base.

Sunrise Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on retail lending. The bank also aims to increase its
loan portfolio and deposit base.

Citizen International Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its
digital banking services, and increasing its focus on SME lending. The bank also aims to
increase its loan portfolio and deposit base. Additionally, the bank plans to invest in technology
to improve its customer service and operational efficiency.

detailed comparison between Machhapuchchhre Bank and Sanima Bank based on some key
indicators:

1. Establishment and Achievements:

Machhapuchchhre Bank was established in 2000 and has since become one of the leading
commercial banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years,
including the Best Commercial Bank in Nepal award by Global Finance Magazine in 2021.

Sanima Bank was established in 2004 and has since become one of the growing commercial
banks in Nepal. The bank has won several awards and recognitions over the years, including the
Best Managed Commercial Bank in Nepal award by Asian Banking & Finance in 2019 and
2021.

2. Loan Disbursement:
As per the latest annual reports of the banks, Machhapuchchhre Bank's total loan disbursement
for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 91.91 billion (approximately USD 779 million), and Sanima
Bank's total loan disbursement was NPR 121.85 billion (approximately USD 1.03 billion).
3. Deposit Collection:
Machhapuchchhre Bank's total deposit collection for the fiscal year 2020/21 was NPR 114.75
billion (approximately USD 970 million), and Sanima Bank's total deposit collection was NPR
141.84 billion (approximately USD 1.2 billion).

4. Revenue Model:
Both banks generate revenue from interest income from loans and advances, fees and
commission income, and foreign exchange gains. They also generate income from investments in
government securities and corporate bonds.

5. Financial Plans:
Machhapuchchhre Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its
digital banking services, and increasing its focus on SME lending. The bank also aims to
increase its loan portfolio and deposit base.

Sanima Bank's financial plans include expanding its branch network, enhancing its digital
banking services, and increasing its focus on retail lending. The bank also aims to increase its
loan portfolio and deposit base. Additionally, the bank plans to invest in technology to improve
its customer service and operational efficiency.

comparison between Global IME Bank and Prabhu Bank Limited based on key indicators:

Here is a detailed comparison between Global IME Bank and Prabhu Bank Limited based on the
information I found on their websites¹² and a rating report by ICRA Nepal³:

Establishment and achievements:

Global IME Bank were established in 2007 as Global Bank Limited and has since undergone
multiple mergers and acquisitions with 18 different entities. The latest and major merger was
with Janata Bank Nepal Limited in December 2019, which made Global IME Bank the second
largest commercial bank in Nepal in terms of assets, deposits, and loans. The bank has won
several awards, such as Best Managed Commercial Bank 2020 by BOSS Magazine, Best Internet
Bank Nepal 2020 by International Business Magazine, and Best Digital Bank Nepal 2020 by
Asiamoney. Prabhu Bank Limited was established in 2016 as a result of a merger between Grand
Bank Nepal Limited, Kist Bank Limited, Prabhu Bikas Bank Limited, Gaurishankar
Development Bank Limited, and Zenith Finance Limited. The bank has been providing banking
services to various segments of the society, especially the low-income and rural population. The
bank has also been recognized for its corporate social responsibility initiatives, such as Prabhu
Care, Prabhu Green, and Prabhu Sakchyam.

Loan disbursements:
Global IME Bank offers various loan products, such as home loans, auto loans, education loans,
personal loans, business loans, overdraft facilities, and project financing. It also provides
microfinance, SME lending, and wholesale lending to cooperatives and MFIs. As of mid-July
2021, its total loans and advances amounted to NPR 371.8 billion, with a growth rate of 18.6%
year-on-year. The bank's loan portfolio is diversified across various sectors, such as agriculture,
industry, service, wholesale and retail trade, construction, transport, and others. Prabhu Bank
also offers various loan products, such as home loans, auto loans, education loans, personal
loans, business loans, overdraft facilities, and project financing. It also provides microfinance,
SME lending, and wholesale lending to cooperatives and MFIs. As of mid-July 2021, its total
loans and advances amounted to NPR 124.4 billion, with a growth rate of 9.9% year-on-year.
The bank's loan portfolio is also diversified across various sectors, such as agriculture, industry,
service, wholesale and retail trade, construction, transport,
and others.

Deposit collection:
Global IME Bank accepts various deposit products, such as savings accounts, current accounts,
fixed deposits, recurring deposits, and call deposits. It also offers foreign currency accounts and
remittance services. As of mid-July 2021, its total deposits amounted to NPR 422.5 billion, with
a growth rate of 19.4% year-on-year. The bank's deposit mix is balanced between institutional
and retail deposits, with a low concentration risk. Prabhu Bank also accepts various deposit
products, such as savings accounts, current accounts, fixed deposits, recurring deposits, and call
deposits. It also offers foreign currency accounts and remittance services. As of mid-July 2021,
its total deposits amounted to NPR 145.9 billion, with a growth rate of 11.7% year-on-year.
The bank's deposit mix is also balanced between institutional and retail deposits, with a low
concentration risk.

Revenue model:
Global IME Bank generates revenue mainly from interest income on loans and investments, fees
and commissions on banking services, foreign exchange gains, and other income sources. As of
mid-July 2021, its total operating income was NPR 20.6 billion and its net profit was NPR 5
billion. The bank's net interest margin was 3.8%, its cost-to-income ratio was 41%, and its return
on assets was 1.7%. Prabhu Bank also generates revenue mainly from interest income on loans
and investments, fees and commissions on banking services, foreign exchange gains, and other
income sources. As of mid-July 2021, its total operating income was NPR 6.9 billion and its net
profit was NPR 1.7 billion. The bank's net interest margin was 4%, its cost-to-income ratio was
51%,
and its return on assets was 1.5%.

Other financial plans:

Global IME Bank has a vision to become a leading bank in Nepal with a global reach. It aims to
achieve this by expanding its network, enhancing its digital capabilities, diversifying its products
and services, strengthening its risk management, and promoting sustainability and social
responsibility. The bank plans to increase its capital base, branch network, customer base, and
market share in the coming years. Prabhu Bank has a vision to become a preferred bank for all
stakeholders. It aims to achieve this by providing customer-centric solutions, leveraging
technology and innovation, fostering a culture of excellence and integrity, and contributing to the
socio-economic development of the country. The bank plans to focus on improving its asset
quality, profitability, efficiency, and governance in the coming years.

 According to ICRA Nepal, Global IME Bank has been assigned an issuer rating of [ICRANP-
IR] A and a debenture rating of [ICRANP] LA for its NPR 8 billion subordinated debentures.
These ratings indicate a high degree of safety regarding timely servicing of financial obligations
and carry low credit risk. The ratings reflect the bank's strong franchise value, diversified loan
portfolio, adequate capitalization, comfortable liquidity profile, and stable profitability
indicators. The ratings also factor in the bank's large size and scale of operations, which provide
it with a competitive edge in the market. The ratings are constrained by the bank's moderate asset
quality, high operating expenses, and integration challenges arising from multiple mergers and
acquisitions.
 According to ICRA Nepal, Prabhu Bank has been assigned an issuer rating of [ICRANP-IR]
BBB+ and a debenture rating of [ICRANP] LBBB+ for its NPR 3 billion subordinated
debentures. These ratings indicate a moderate degree of safety regarding timely servicing of
financial obligations and carry moderate credit risk. The ratings reflect the bank's adequate
franchise value, diversified loan portfolio, improved capitalization, comfortable liquidity profile,
and stable profitability indicators. The ratings also factor in the bank's moderate size and scale of
operations, which provide it with some market presence and growth opportunities. The ratings
are constrained by the bank's weak asset quality, high operating expenses, and integration
challenges arising from multiple mergers and acquisitions.

Based on these ratings, you may infer that Global IME Bank has a higher credit quality and
lower default risk than Prabhu Bank. However, this does not necessarily mean that Global IME
Bank is better than Prabhu Bank in all aspects. You may also want to consider other factors, such
as customer service, branch network, digital offerings, interest rates, fees and charges, etc.,
before choosing a bank that suits your needs.

comparison between NMB Bank and Nepal Investment Mega Bank Limited (NIMB) based
on the information I found on their websites¹²:

Establishment and achievements:

NMB Bank was established in 1996 as Nepal Merchant Banking and Finance Limited. It became
a commercial bank in 2008 and merged with four other financial institutions in 2015. It has won
several awards, including Bank of the Year 2021 Asia and Nepal, and Green Deal of the Year
2021. NIMB was established in 2012 as a result of a merger between two development banks. It
has been providing banking services to various sectors, including agriculture, tourism,
infrastructure, and SMEs.

Loan disbursements:
 NMB Bank offers various loan products, such as home loans, auto loans, education loans,
personal loans, business loans, and overdraft facilities. It also provides microfinance and
wholesale lending to cooperatives and MFIs. As of mid-July 2021, its total loans and advances
amounted to NPR 155.9 billion. NIMB also offers various loan products, such as home loans,
auto loans, education loans, personal loans, business loans, and overdraft facilities. It also
provides microfinance and SME lending. As of mid-July 2021, its total loans and advances
amounted to NPR 94.4 billion.
Deposit collection:
 NMB Bank accepts various deposit products, such as savings accounts, current accounts, fixed
deposits, recurring deposits, and call deposits. It also offers foreign currency accounts and
remittance services. As of mid-July 2021, its total deposits amounted to NPR 181.4 billion.
NIMB also accepts various deposit products, such as savings accounts, current accounts, fixed
deposits, recurring deposits, and call deposits. It also offers foreign currency accounts and
remittance services. As of mid-July 2021, its total deposits amounted to NPR 115 billion.

Revenue model:
NMB Bank generates revenue mainly from interest income on loans and investments, fees and
commissions on banking services, foreign exchange gains, and other income sources. As of mid-
July 2021, its total operating income was NPR 9.6 billion and its net profit was NPR 2.4 billion.
NIMB also generates revenue mainly from interest income on loans and investments, fees and
commissions on banking services, foreign exchange gains, and other income sources. As of mid-
July 2021, its total operating income was NPR 5.8 billion and its net profit was NPR 1.3 billion.

Other financial plans:

 NMB Bank has a vision to become a leading bank in Nepal with a global reach. It aims to
achieve this by expanding its network, enhancing its digital capabilities, diversifying its products
and services, strengthening its risk management, and promoting sustainability and social
responsibility. NIMB has a vision to become a preferred bank for all stakeholders. It aims to
achieve this by providing customer-centric solutions, leveraging technology and innovation,
fostering a culture of excellence and integrity, and contributing to the socio-economic
development of the country.

Here are some key elements that can be used for comparing banks on a table:

1. Financial Performance: This includes metrics such as profitability, revenue growth, return on
assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and asset quality.

2. Products and Services: This includes the range of products and services offered by the bank,
such as loans, deposits, credit cards, investment products, and insurance.

3. Customer Service: This includes the level of customer service offered by the bank, such as
responsiveness to customer inquiries, availability of customer support, and the overall customer
experience.
4. Technology: This includes the bank's use of technology to enhance its services, such as online
and mobile banking, digital payment options, and innovative banking solutions.

5. Reputation and Brand: This includes the bank's reputation in the market, its brand value, and
its overall image and perception among customers and stakeholders.

6. Regulatory Compliance: This includes the bank's adherence to regulatory requirements and
guidelines, such as anti-money laundering laws, data privacy regulations, and other compliance-
related issues.

By comparing banks on these key elements, one can get an overall picture of their performance,
services, and reputation, and make an informed decision about which bank to choose.